^H 

<£0ir?rnm?nt  Printing  ®ffir? 

ilannal 

Prcparrt*  tmfcer  iirertinn  0f  tlj?  Pnhllr  Printer 

J8Gl. 


- 

^GOVERNMENT  PRINTING  OFFICE 
I.  —  __                                                       j 

• 

iHatwal  of  j^>tgk 

. 

FOR  USE  OF  COPY  EDITORS,  PROOF  READERS, 
OPERATORS,  AND  COMPOSITORS  ENGAGED  IN 
THE  PRODUCTION    OF  EXECUTIVE,   CONGRES- 
SIONAL, AND  DEPARTMENTAL  PUBLICATIONS 

Jftrat  EJUttmt  :  &?plnnb*r,  1903 

Jrrparpb  wtforr  birrrtion  of  tljp  publir  ^nutrr  :  :  190B 

LIBRARY 
SCHOOL 


PREPARED  UNDER  THE  DIRECTION  OF  PUBLIC   PRINTER 

JOHN  S.  LEECH 

3Y  A  BOARD  OF  EVPLOYEES  OF  THE  GOVERNMENT  PRINTING  OFFICE 


WASHINGTON,  D.  C. ,   SEPTEMBER, 


LIBRARY 
SCHOOL 


CONTENTS. 


Page. 

Abbreviations 13 

Addresses 16 

Bill  style ! 45 

Capitalization 17 

Compound  words 29 

Court  style 43 

Date  lines 1 30 

Figures 30 

Fol.,  fol.  lit,  fol.  type  and  style 32 

Instructions  to  copy  editors,  compositors,  operators,  readers,  and  revisers 8 

Italic 32 

Journal  style 49 

Leader  work 32 

Miscellaneous 33 

Orthography 35 

Punctuation , 36 

Signatures „ 37 

Suggestions  to  authors 5 

Tabular  work 38 

Testimony •_ 42 

Useful  information 53 

Astronomical  signs 53  ----- 

Foreign  coins 53 

Greek  alphabet 54 

Homonyms 54 

Mathematical  signs 55 

Modern  languages 55 

Point  system 57 

Roman  numerals 57 

Rule  (cut  to  six-point)  in  eight-point  tables 58 

>         Russian  alphabet , 59 

Signature  marks 59 

Standard  page  measurements 60 

States,  Territories,  and  counties 63 

Titles  of  railroads,  with  method  for  their  abbreviation 74 

Vocabulary  of  double  words 76 


182056 


(    UNIVt 


SUGGESTIONS  TO  AUTHORS. 


The  MANUAL  OF  STYLE  is  intended  to  facilitate  public  printing,  and  if  those  sub- 
mitting copy  for  publication  will  carefully  observe  the  following  suggestions,  they 
will  contribute  materially  toward  this  end: 

Copy  should  be  typewritten  if  possible,  unless  reprint,  and  each  page  should  begin 
with  a  paragraph. 

Proper  names,  foreign  words,  and  technical  terms  should  be  plainly  written  and 
verified. 

Manuscript  and  typewritten  copy  in  a  foreign  language  should  be  marked  accu- 
rately as  to  capitalization,  punctuation,  and 'other  peculiarities. 

Signatures  which  are  illegible  should  be  carefully  rewritten  on  the  margin. 

Abbreviations  should  not  be  used  except  when  they  are  to  be  printed  as  written, 
in  which  case  they  should  be  marked  "follow." 

Reference  marks  in  text  and  tables  should  be  arranged  alphabetically  across  each 
page,  beginning  with  "«."  (See  table,  p.  41.) 

Capitalization  and  punctuation,  when  not  peculiar  to  the  publication  in  hand,  are 
details  which  may  be  safely  intrusted  to  the  compositors  and  proof  readers. 

Photographs,  drawings,  etc.,  for  illustrations  should  accompany  manuscript,  each 
bearing  the  name  of  the  publication  in  which  it  is  to  be  inserted  and  the  figure  or 
plate  number.  The  proper  place  for  each  illustration  should  be  indicated  on  the 
copy  by  title,  legend,  or  otherwise. 

When  a  publication  is  composed  of  several  parts,  a  scheme  of  the  desired  arrange- 
ment should  accompany  the  first  installment  of  copy. 

Write  on  one  side  of  the  paper  only.  When  both  sides  are  used,  duplicate  copy 
should  be  furnished. 

Additional  matter  making  more  than  one  line  to  be  inserted  in  manuscript  copy 
should  be  written  on  a  separate  sheet  attached  to  the  page  on  which  it  is  to  be 
inserted  and  the  place  for  its  insertion  clearly  indicated. 

All  corrections  should  be  made  on  first  proofs  submitted,  later  proofs  being  intended 
only  for  the  purpose  of  verification.  Plate  corrections  should  be  avoided. 

Important  changes  from  the  style  herein  set  forth  should  be  clearly  stated  in  a 
sheet  of  instructions  accompanying  the  copy. 

Copy  should  be  sent  flat,  if  possible. 

Requisitions  for  work  containing  illustrations  should  give  explicit  instructions  as 
to  whether  or  not  illustrations  should  be  furnished  by  the  Government  Printing 
Office,  giving  the  number,  indicating  the  process  of  reproduction,  and,  if  reduction 
is  necessary,  instructions  on  the  margin  of  each  illustration.  The  size  should  be  as 
nearly  uniform  as  practicable. 

Work  containing  illustrations  should  be  accompanied  by  a  letter  certifying  that 
the  illustrations  are  necessary  and  relate  entirely  to  the  transaction  of  public  busi- 
ness. (See  33  Stat.  L.,  p.  1213. ) 

Samples  furnished  for  a  particular  purpose  should  be  plainly  marked,  showing 
clearly  whether  intended  for  style  of  type,  size  of  type  page,  paper,  trim,  lettering, 
or  binding,  etc. 

5 


6  SUGGESTIONS    TO    AUTHORS. 

Proofs  read  by  authors  or  department  readers  should  be  marked  to  conform  with 
the  following  style: 

PROOF  MARKS. 

0  Period. 
j   Comma. 
-    Hyphen. 
:    Colon. 
y   Semicolon. 
\j/  Apostrophe. 
uotations. 
Em  quadrat. 
Zi.  One-em  dash. 

Two-em  parallel  dash. 
^   Push  down  space. 
O  Close  up. 
v'  or   ^-/       Less  space. 

^    Qaret_ieft  out,  insert. 
_)    Turn  to  proper  position. 
"TT^  Insert  space. 

ZT    or      ^?          Move  to  left  or  to  right. 
/~7   or     L-J        Move  up  or  move  down. 

/G£.   Transpose. 
m  ___  4  _  or  xS^^T       Let  it  stand. 

^      Dele  —  take  out. 
<2>   Broken  letter. 
JL     Paragraph. 


No  paragraph. 
Wrong  font. 
~1    mJ^a/'W        Equalize  spacing. 
or  ^tx^xO<     Capitals. 
or  /**.&.         Small  capitals. 
/L-.  @^.       Lower-case. 
~~::        Straighten. 

Superior  or  inferior. 
gr  &ct£.     Italic. 
Roman. 
Brackets. 


SUGGESTIONS    TO    AUTHORS. 


TYPOGRAPHICAL    ERRORS 


C.       I(^does)not  appear  that  the  earliest  printers  had 
,  any  method^of  ^orrecting^errors  "  before  ^the  form 
®/  was  on  the  press/   The  learned  3&»- learned  cor- 
rectors of  the  first  two  centuries  of  printing  were 
not  proof/readers  in  our  sense/  they  w^ere  rather 
what  we  should  Jerm  office  editors.     Their  labors 
were^chiefly  to  see  that  the  proof  corresponded  to 
the  copyj  but  that  the  printed  page  was  correct 
in  its  yfatinity7^t-kftfr«44w  words  were   there,   and 
that  the  sense  was  right.     They  cared  -fetrt  little 
about  orthography,  bad  letters^r  purely  printer^) 
errors,  and  when  the  text  seemed  to  them  wrong 
they  consulted  fresh  authorities  or  altered  it  on 
their    own    responsibility.     Good    proofsAin    the 
modern  sense,  were  /impossible  until  professional 
-Tpti       readers  were  employed/  men    who  Jhad^Tfirstl  a 
printer's  education,  and  then  spent  many  years 
A*      in  the  correction  of  proof.     The   orthography  of 
English,  which  for  the  past  century  has  underA 
gone  little  change,  was  very  fluctuating  until  after 
zz:      the  publication  of  Johnson's  Dictionary,  and  capi- 
tals, which  have  been  used  with  considerable 
ularity  for  the  past@>years,  were  previously  used 
on  the  (rnjss/^or7hit7plan.     The  approach  to  regu- 
y/  /&C     larity,  so  far  as  we  have^  may  be  attributed  to  the 
/  growth  of  a  class  of  professional  proof  readers,  and 

—  /  it  is  to  them  that  we  owe  the  correctness  of  mod- 

jt   A/       ern  printing>AMore  er/ors  have  been  found  in  the 
f  Bible  than  in  any  other  one  work.     For  many  gen- 

erations it  was  frequently   the  caso   that   Bibles 
were  brought  out  stealthily,  from  fear  of  govern- 
C       /Tmental    interference.  AThey   were    frequently  Ou£; 
printed  from  imperfect  texts,  and  were  often  mod-        ff 
ified    to  meet  the  views  of  those  who  publi^d      fa 
•  £3     them^The  story   is  related  that  a  certain  woman 
~?  in  Germany,  who  wae  the  wife  of  a  ^Printer,  €H*4  A,.C,.I 

had  become  disgusted  with  the  continual    asser-         / 

I  .  .  ^°  — 

/L<?7n.  tion/o^  the ^u^erioiit^oi  man  over  woman  which 
U I  she  had  heard,  hurried  into  the  composing  room 

.    while  her  husband  was  at  supper  and  altered  a 
'*••    sentence  in  the^^iblej^hich^he  was.vprinting,  so 
that  it  read  ^arr^ instead  of^Herr,Athus  making 
the  verse  read  "And  he  shall  be  thy  fool ",  instead 
•=.~i    ,    of  "/^nd  he  shall  be  thy^lord."     The  wordAnot 
I'eK  was  omitted  by  Barker,  the^ing's  printer  in  En- 
'  l^    ^land  in  1632, in  printing  the  seventh  comman   ' 
was  fined  £(3iOOO  on  this  account. 


/  /,  / 

§     m   j 

HL  / 


A 


INSTRUCTIONS  TO  COPY  EDITORS,  COMPOSITORS,  OPERATORS, 
READERS,  AND  REVISERS. 


EDITING   COPY. 

The  prime  object  of  copy  editors  should  be  to  mark  those  things  which  are  not 
readily  understood  by  the  compositor,  and  to  indicate  headings,  indentions,  dashes, 
new  pages,  new  odd  pages,  and  such  other  matters  which  are  essential  to  give  the 
completed  book  a  good  typographical  appearance. 

It  should  not  be  absolutely  necessary  to  mark  again  anything  which  has  been 
plainly  indicated  at  the  beginning  of  a  sheet,  as  the  compositor  is  expected  to  follow 
the  preparation  indicated  if  the  sarhe  thing  should  again  occur  on  the  same  sheet. 

It  is  desired  that  all  copy  shall  be  prepared  as  quickly  as  practicable,  but  copy 
editors  should  familiarize  themselves  with  all  peculiarities  before  doing  any  actual 
work,  unless  they  are  already  familiar  with  the  work  assigned  to  them. 

Copy  without  instructions  should  be  edited  in  conformity  with  the  MANUAL  OF 
STYLE. 

When  necessary  to  depart  from  the  rules  laid  down  in  the  MANUAL  OF  STYLE,  the 
copy  editors  should  give  instructions  to  compositors  and  readers. 

Instructions  should  be  given  as  to  orthography,  compounding,  capitalization,  and 
punctuation  in  scientific  and  technical  work. 

When  copy  is  ordered  to  be  kept  clean  and  returned  intact,  care  should  be  taken 
to  mark  as  lightly  as  possible,  so  that  erasures  may  be  easily  made. 

The  following  rules  Avill  apply  to  all  manuscript,  typewritten,  or  printed  copy  not 
otherwise  provided  for: 

Addresses. — Mark  caps,  small  caps,  italic,  and  abbreviations,  indicating  where  lines 
are  to  be  broken  when  necessary. 

Capitalization. — Indicate  not  only  that  which  should  go  "up,"  but  that  written 
"up"  which  should  go  "down." 

Heading^. — Mark  case  number  on  each  sheet  once;  if  two  or  more  sizes  are  used, 
mark  each  in  every  instance;  indicate  italic,  small  caps,  and  caps  and  small  caps, 
specifying  size  of  type. 

Signs,  symbols,  etc. — In  text  and  tables  all  signs,  symbols,  dashes,  superiors,  etc., 
should  be  plainly  marked;  write  names  of  Greek  letters  when  used,  as  they  are  fre- 
quently mistaken  for  italic  or  signs. 

Titles. — Prepare  in  conformity  with  MANUAL  OF  STYLE,  and  indicate  whether  to 
abbreviate  or  spell  out;  this  applies  also  to  geographic  names. 

Mark  size  of  text  type  and  whether  to  be  solid,  leaded,  or  double  leaded,  etc.; 
verify  folio  numbers,  and  plainly  indicate  references,  footnotes,  cut-ins,  etc. 

COMPOSITION. 

Compositors  and  machine  operators  are  expected  to  carefully  study  the  rules 
governing  composition.  A  failure  to  do  this  will  show  plainly  in  the  proof.  It  must 
be  remembered,  however,  that  all  work  done  in  the  office  is  not  in  accordance  with 
the  MANUAL  OF  STYLE.  Special  instructions  will  invariably  accompany  copy  of  this 


INSTRUCTIONS    TO    COPY    EDITORS,    ETC.  9 

kind,  and  an  employee  should  ascertain  when  taking  out  copy  whether  it  is  to  be  set 
according  to  office  style;  if  it  is  not,  he  should  read  instructions  carefully  and  confer 
fully  with  the  foreman  or  man  at  the  desk  about  doubtful  questions. 

Every  precaution  must  be  taken  to  prevent  the  soiling  of  proof  sheets,  as  it  is 
necessary  for  the  reviser  to  see  clearly  every  mark  on  the  margin  of  a  proof  after  it 
has  been  corrected. 

Do  not  try  to  cover  up  or  hide  an  accident.  After  a  proof  is  read  the  first  time, 
if  a  word  or  line  is  pied,  or  if  a  "drop  out"  occurs,  or  any  accident  happens  to  the 
type,  it  is  the  duty  of  the  workman  to  call  attention  to  it  in  writing  on  the  latest 
proof  sheet.  If  a  proof  sheet  be  not  available  or  immediately  at  hand,  put  the  types 
involved  FEET  UPPERMOST  when  returning  them  to  place.  This  direction  is  intended 
for  all  wrho  handle  type — laborers,  compositors,  makers-up,  imposers,  and  electro- 
typers — and  will  be  insisted  upon.  Accidents  will  happen,  and  correctness  can  be 
assured  only  by  faithfully  following  the  instructions  here  given. 

In  correcting  matter  set  by  the  linotype  machine,  care  must  be  taken  to  insert 
corrected  type  slugs  in  their  proper  places  and  not  to  remove  type  slugs  in  which  no 
errors  occur.  The  matter  should  be  revised  by  the  corrector  before  turning  in  the 
galley.  Marks  indicating  broken  or  blurred  letters  in  lines  not  required  to  be  reset 
should  be  "killed,"  or  the  matter  otherwise  shown  to  be  "O.  K."  Matter  should 
be  "run  down"  to  see  that  lines  have  not  been  either  duplicated  or  eliminated. 

READING. 

Proofs  that  are  not  clearly  printed  or  which  are  in  any  manner  defective  must  be 
refused. 

When  a  proof  is  taken  out,  the  reader  should  inform  himself  fully  as  to  the  charac- 
ter of  the  work,  whether  there  are  any  special  instructions  or  peculiarities  concerning 
it,  and  get  such  other  information  as  he  may  think  will  assist  him;  before  beginning 
to  read  he  must  make  sure  that  copy  folio  agrees  with  proof  and  that  the  entire 
proof  is  legible.  It  is  well  to  do  preparatory  work  and  take  a  general  survey  of  a 
proof  before  beginning  to  read  it. 

Folios  of  copy  should  be  "run"  by  copyholder  on  first  reading  of  proofs.  This 
applies  to  all  work,  but  is  especially  important  on  indexes,  where  a  large  number  of 
folios  or  cards  may  be  involved. 

The  style  in  which  correction  marks  are  made  on  a  proof  is  an  element  of  consider- 
able importance.  Straggling,  unsymmetrical  characters,  disconnected  marks  placed 
in  the  margins  above  or  below  the  lines  to  which  they  relate,  irregular  lines  leading 
from  an  incorrect  letter  or  word  to  a  correction,  large  marks,  marks  made  with  a 
blunt  pencil,  indistinct  marks,  a  frequent  use  of  the  eraser  to  obliterate  marks  hastily 
or  incorrectly  made,  are  all  faults  to  be  avoided.  In  reading  proof  of  wide  tables, 
the  reader  should  take  advantage  of  white  space  as  near  as  possible  to  the  error  and 
place  the  correction  therein,  thus  aiding  all  who  have  occasion  to  handle  the  proof 
afterwards. 

The  time  to  be  spent  in  reading  a  proof  should  be  governed  in  a  great  measure  by 
its  importance,  but  speed  should  never  be  greater  than  is  consistent  with  practical 
correctness. 

In  reading  tables  set  on  linotype  machines,  readers  should  indicate  the  cast  if 
errors  are  marked. 

When  errors  are  marked  in  display  type,  the  case  number  always  should  be 
indicated. 

Readers  should  immediately  notify  the  person  in  charge  of  the  discovery  of  any 
wrong-font  matrices. 

When  an  entire  "take"  or  proof  seems  to  have  been  set  uniformly,  a  reader 
should  never  make  important  changes  in  indentions  or  tables  or  make  corrections 


10  INSTRUCTIONS    TO    COPY    EDITORS,    ETC. 

which  will  cause  a  great  deal  of  work  without  consulting  the  foreman  or  the  copy 
editor. 

When  the  reader  detects  inconsistent  and  erroneous  statements,  obviously  made 
by  the  writer  through  lapse  of  the  memory  or  slip  of  the  pen,  it  is  his  duty  to  correct. 
He  does  so  at  his  peril,  however.  He  must  know,  not  suspect,  that  they  are  errors, 
and  be  prepared,  if  called  upon,  to  vindicate  the  soundness  of  his  correction  by 
recognized  authority.  If  he  does  not  know,  he  should  query. 

In  work  of  particular  value — historic  or  scientific  publications,  books  that  may  be 
used  for  reference,  etc. — the  reader  should  be  on  the  lookout  for  faulty  construction 
of  sentences,  bad  metaphors,  inconsistent  statements,  the  misuse  of  words,  and  de- 
fects of  similar  character.  These  he  should  query.  The  proofs  of  this  class  of  work 
always  go  out,  and  the  author  will  probably  welcome  reasonable  suggestions;  but  the 
reader  must  not  worry  himself  or  the  author  about  the  extreme  niceties  of  grammar 
or  suggest  pedantic  emendations. 

Readers  will  carefully  note  the  instructions  to  compositors  as  to  spacing,  division 
of  words,  etc.,  and  never  hesitate  to  mark  when  work  is  imperfect. 

Readers  are  enjoined  to  keep  in  full  sympathy  with  the  copy  editors.  They 
must  always  consult  with  the  latter  before  making  important  changes  in  prpof.  The 
marks  of  the  copy  editor  must  be  given  consideration  by  all.  He  has  probably 
handled  the  entire  work,  and  is  in  a  position  to  know  more  about  its  peculiarities 
than  the  man  who  reads  but  a  small  portion. 

Instructions  as  to  the  confidential  nature  of  work,  number  of  proofs,  size  of  paper, 
number  of  copies,  location  of  illustrations,  new  pages,  new  odd  pages,  etc.,  when 
found  on  copy,  must  in  every  instance  be  carried  on  proof  sheet  by  readers.  Also, 
in  passing  "run  downs,"  the  galley  slug  of  the  following  galley  must  be  carried  on 
copy  where  break  occurs. 

GALLEY-PROOF   REVISING. 

The  importance  of  revising  proofs  well  can  not  be  overestimated.  While  a  reviser 
is  not  expected  to  read  proof,  it  is  not  enough  for  him  to  slavishly  follow  the  marks 
found  on  the  proof  sheet.  He  should  see  that  all  corrections  have  been  properly 
made  in  the  type,  that  words  or  lines  have  not  been  transposed  by  the  compositor 
in  making  the  corrections,  and  that  the  rules  governing  spacing,  division  of  words, 
and  good  printing  generally  have  been  observed.  Compositors  have  no  excuse  for 
neglecting  to  space  evenly,  either  when  setting  the  type  or  when  making  corrections, 
and  the  reader  or  reviser  who  passes  bad  spacing  will  be  held  in  fault. 

A  reviser  must  not  remodel  the  punctuation  of  the  readers  or  make  any  serious 
changes  in  the  work  unless  the  matter  apparently  needing  correction  is  of  unmis- 
takable importance.  If  he  thinks  it  necessary  that  an  important  change  should  be 
made,  he  should  submit  the  change  proposed  to  the  foreman  for  his  decision. 

All  instructions  carried  on  first  proofs  must,  in  every  instance,  be  transferred  to 
revised  sheets,  whether  galley  revise,  page  proof,  stone  revise,  or  press  revise. 

All  queries  made  by  readers  must  be  carefully  transferred  to  the  proof  to  be  sent 
out,  which  should  always  be  clean  and  well  printed. 

Every  paragraph  containing  an  alteration  in  a  proof  that  makes  one  or  more  over- 
runs must  be  reread  as  first  proof.  It  must  be  read  aloud  by  copyholder,  word  for 
word,  to  the  end  of  the  paragraph,  or  at  least  far  enough  to  satisfy  the  reviser  that 
the  proper  correction  has  been  made  and  no  new  errors  have  slipped  in  while  the 
lines  were  being  handled.  The  practice  of  revising  the  alteration  only  and  of  reread- 
ing without  copyholder  has  been  the  source  of  many  errors,  and  will  no  longer  be 
permitted. 

Revising  should  be  done  with  reasonable  dispatch,  but  good  work  must  not  be 
sacrificed  to  haste.  The  " hurry  "  excuse  for  passing  bad  work  will  not  be  accepted, 
as  assistance  will  be  furnished  whenever  necessary. 


INSTRUCTIONS    TO    COPY    EDITORS,    ETC.  11 

PRESS   REVISING. 

Special  care  must  be  exercised  in  revising  linotype-machine  matter.  It  is  neces- 
sary to  read  the  entire  line  in  which  a  correction  has  been  made  and  to  see  that  the 
line  has  been  inserted  in  the  proper  place  and  that  the  lines  above  and  below  it 
have  not  been  disturbed. 

Revisers  should  promptly  notify  the  foreman  of  the  proof  room  when  variations 
from  the  MANUAL  are  being  marked  by  department  readers. 

Press  revising  is  a  branch  of  proof-room  work  requiring  special  adaptability  and 
great  diligence  and  care.  Not  only  must  the  reviser  observe  that  the  rules  governing 
the  work  of  those  who  precede  him  have  been  followed,  but  he  must  be  on  the  alert 
for  a  multiplicity^  points  not  coming  within  their  sphere.  Hence,  a  clear  head,, 
quick  eye,  knowledge  of  the  style,  acquaintance  with  the  make-up  of  various  publi- 
cations, a  high  sense  of  order,  an  ability  for  detail,  and  mind  and  nerve  not  easily 
disturbed  are  prerequisites  to  success  in  the  work. 

A  few  general  rules  only  can  be  given  to  guide  the  press  reviser.  He  handles  a 
variety  of  work  and  must  decide  each  point  as  it  presents  itself.  He  is  cautioned 
never  to  allow  his  work  to  get  behind  (calling  for  assistance  when  rushed),  but  not 
to  make  a  sacrifice  of  correctness  for  the  sake  of  speed. 

The  following  rules  must  be  carefully  studied: 

1.  See  that  the  proof  sheets  are  clean  and  clear;  send  for  another  proof  in  case  they 
are  not. 

2.  See  that  galley  slips  connect  before  beginning  the  page  or  press  revise. 

3.  See  that  page  folios  are  continuous,  that  running  heads  are  correct  and  uniform, 
and  that  the  proper  signature  is  correctly  placed. 

4.  Revise  carefully,  observe  connections   between   pages,  carry  all  unanswered 
queries  if  the  proof  goes  again  to  the  author,  otherwise  see  that  all  queries  are  answered, 
and  take  care  that  continued  and  repeated  lines  are  free  from  errors. 

5.  If  a  revise  is  badly  corrected  or  is  from  any  cause  not  reasonably  free  from 
error,  call  for  another  correction  and  proof  (stating  number  wanted),  and  destroy  all 
duplicates. 

6.  Be  on  the  lookout  for  "drop  outs,"  doublets,  and  transpositions,  applying  the 
rules  laid  down  for  first  revisers. 

7.  Read  by  copy  all  running  heads  and  box  heads  in  continuous  tables;  see  that  all 
leading  lines  are  carried  at  the  top  where  subordinate  matter  turns  over;  that  dollar 
marks  and  italic  captions  of  columns  are  properly  placed  and  uniform;  that  the 
matter  is  as  compact  as  circumstances  will  permit,  and  that  footnotes  fall  on  the  page 
containing  the  corresponding  reference  and  are  symmetrically  arranged. 

8.  Preserve  complete  files  of  all  proofs  returned  to  the  desk  in  the  ordinary  course 
of  business,  especially  of  the  final  proofs  from  which  a  work  is  sent  to  the  press  or 
foundry. 

9.  On  first  page  of  a  signature  of  a  stone  or  press  revise  carry  the  number  of  copies 
and  kind  of  paper,  with  any  special  directions  that  may  be  necessary,  and  see  that 
the  form  is  properly  imposed. 

10.  Be  particular  in  making  the  "mark  off"  on  a  galley  slip  when  the  first  page 
proofs  are  sent  out,  cutting  the  proof  sheet  and  noting  upon  it  the  connecting  galley 
slug,  the  folio  of  the  succeeding  page,  and  the  proper  signature  of  the  same.     Retain 
the  "mark  off"  and  deliver  the  galley  slips  with  the  clean  proof  to  the  proof  clerk. 

11.  Always  make  sure  that  different  sets  of  proof  sheets  on  any  work  are  correctly 
marked  in  series,  as  "R,"   "2d  R,"  "3d  R,"  etc.,  and  when  a  sheet  is  stamped 
"Another  proof,"  carry  the  same  designating  "R"  on  the  corresponding  clean  one, 
and  destroy  the  stamped  proof  wrhen  it  has  served  its  purpose. 

12.  When  two  or  more  jobs  are  imposed  in  one  form,  the  reviser  should  separate 
the  parts  to  verify  the  imposition.     Until  familiar  with  thejff old, ' '  h oweyer,  cau- 
tion  must  be  exercised  in  cutting  the  sheet. 


',  INSTRUCTIONS  TO  COPY  EDITORS,  ETC. 

13.  Press,  stone,  and  foundry  revises  are  equally  important.     In  the  latter  especial 
care  must  be  taken  that  rules  do  not  lap,  that  work  is  not  jammed  in  the  "lockup," 
that  damaged  letters  and  " slips"  are  indicated,  and  that  the  matter  is  ready  in  all 
respects  to  pass  severe  criticism. 

14.  Government  publications  are  usually  made  up  in  the  following  order: 

Page  1,  title;  page  2,  blank;  page  3,  table  of  contents.  If  ending  on  an  odd-num- 
bered page,  then  page  4,  blank;  page  5,  letter  of  transmittal;  page  6,  blank;  page  7, 
text  proper. 

In  the  body  of  the  work  new  pages  will  be  properly  indicated  on  the  proof  sheet. 
Tables  of  contents,  letters  of  transmittal,  lists  of  illustrations,  the  text  proper  of  a 
book,  and  all  matter  following  half  titles  (except  parallel  tables)  should  begin  on 
a  new  odd  page. 


MANUAL  OF  STYLE. 


ABBREVIATIONS. 

[See  also  Court  style,  p.  43;  Tabular  work,  p.  38;  Figures,  p.  30.] 

The  following  abbreviations  will  be  used  except  as  limited,  or  as  may  be  indicated 
by  copy  editors,  it  being  understood  that  those  not  limited  are  to  be  used  at  all 
times: 

BILLS,  RESOLUTIONS,  DOCUMENTS,  AND  REPORTS. 
H.  R.  for  House  bill  (H.  R.  416  or  House  bill  416,  as  written). 
S.  for  Senate  bill  (S.  116  or  Senate  bill  116,  as  written). 
H.  Res.  No.  5,  for  House  resolution  (simple). 
H.  C.  Res.  No.  10,  for  House  concurrent  resolution. 
H.  J.  Res.  21,  for  House  joint  resolution. 
S.  Res.  No.  50,  for  Senate  resolution. 
S.  C.  Res.  No.  17,  for  Senate  concurrent  resolution.   • 
S.  R.  45,  for  Senate  joint  resolution. 
H.  Doc.  No.  35,  for  House  Document  No.  35. 
S.  Doc.  No.  62,  for  Senate  Document  No.  62. 
H.  Rept.  No.  214,  for  House  Report  No.  214. 
S.  Rept.  No.  410,  for  Senate  Report  No.  410. 

Chemical  elements  and  symbols. 


Element. 

Symbol. 

Element. 

Symbol. 

Aluminum  

Al 

Hydrargyrum  (mercury) 

Wo- 

Antimony  (see  Stibium). 

Hydrogen  

Hg 

Argentum  (silver)  

Ag 

Indium 

In 

Argon  

\ 

Iodine 

Arsenic  

As 

Iridium 

Tr 

Aurum  (gold)  . 

Au 

Barium  

Ba 

1  Kalium  (potassium)    : 

K' 

Beryllium  (glucinum)  

Be.Gl 

Krypton 

Kr 

Bismuth  

Bi 

Lanthanum 

T  n 

Boron  

B 

Bromine  

Br 

Lithium 

T  ,• 

Cadmium  

Cd 

Caesium  -  .     . 

Cs 

Manganese 

Alg 
Mn 

Calcium  

Ca 

Carbon  

C 

Mol  vbdenum 

Mo 

Cerium  

Ce 

Vii 

Chlorine  

Cl 

Neodymium 

Kd 

Chromium  

Cr 

Ttfp 

Cobalt  

Co 

Nickel 

Ki 

Columbium  (niobium)  

Cb  Nb 

Kh   r*K 

Copper  (cuprum)  

Cu 

Nitrogen 

XT 

Davyum  

Da 

Vo- 

Decipium  

Dp 

Osmium. 

iNg 

f)a 

Didvmium  

D  Di 

Dysprosium  

Dv 

Palladium 

Pd 

Erbium  

Er 

Ph 

Ferrum  (iron)  

Fe 

Phosphorus 

p 

Fluorine  

F  Fl 

Pt 

Gadolinium  

Gd 

Plumbum  (lead)  

Pb 

Gallium  
Germanium  : 

Ga 
Ge 

Potassium  (see  Kalium). 
Praseodymium 

Pr 

Glucinum  (beryllium)  '• 

Gl,Be 

Radium 

R'\ 

Gold  (see  Aurum). 

Rhodium  

Rh 

Helium  

He 

Rubidium 

Rl> 

Holmium  

Ho 

Ruthenium... 

Ru 

13 


14 


ABBREVIATIONS. 

Chemical  elements  and  symbols— Continued. 


Element. 

Symbol. 

Element, 

Symbol. 

Samarium  

Sm 

Thorium 

Tli 

Scandium  

Sc 

Thulium 

Til 

Selenium 

Se 

Silicon  

Si 

Titanium 

Ti 

Silver  (see  Argentum). 
Sodium  (see  Natrium). 

Tungsten  (see  Wolframium)  . 
Uranium 

TJ 

Stannum  (  tin  )  

Sn 

Vanadium 

y 

Stibium  (antimony)  

Sb 

w 

Strontium  

Sr 

Xenon             "       ° 

X  Xe 

Sulphur  

s 

Ytterbium 

Yh 

Tantalum  

Ta 

Yttrium 

YYt 

Tellurium  

Te 

Zinc 

Zn 

Terbium  

Tb  Tr 

7r 

Thallium  

Tl 

CHRISTIAN  NAMES.     Always  spell  out  well-known  Christian  names,  except  in 

signatures.     When  necessary  to  abbreviate,  use  the  forms  Danl.,  Edwd.,  Saml., 

Thos.,  etc.,  omitting  the  apostrophe.     This -rule  of  abbreviation  to  apply  to 

*fol."     Alex,  Ben,  Ed,  Fred,  and  Sam  are  not  always  abbreviations,  and  copv 

should  be  followed  as  regards  period. 

CITATIONS.     See  References,  page  15. 

CLOCK  TIME.     a.  m.;  m.;  p.  m.;  when  immediately  connected  with  figures. 

COMPASS  DIRECTIONS.  When  abbreviated,  use  the  regular  forms,  E.,  W.,  etc. 
In  compound  terms,  close  up,  as  SEM  NNW.,  etc. 

CONGRESS,  ETC.  In  parentheses:  Cong,  for  Congress,  as  58th  Cong.;  sess.  for 
session,  as  1st  sess.  (Note  punctuation:  58th  Cong.,  1st  sess.;  1st  sess.  58th 
Cong. ) 

DOCUMENTS.     See  Bills,  resolutions,  etc.,  page  13. 
FIRM  NAMES,  ETC.      , 

The  "&"  will  only  be  used  between  names  of  persons  or  to  connect  the  same  with 
Co.,  Bro.,  or  Bros.     In  literary,  etc.,  companionships  use  "ar,H  » 


bbreviated  only  when  following  "&. 

Johnston  &  Oleson  Company. 

Jones  Brothers  &  Co. 

Smith  &  Bro. 

Towers  &  Russell. 

Pennsylvania  Railroad  Company. 

Washington  Flour  and  Feed  Company. 

Washington  and  Norfolk  Steamboat  Company. 


Brother,  Brothers,  and  Company  to  be 
(See  also  Tabular  work,  p.  38. ) 

Atlantic  and  Pacific  Telegraph  Company 

Brown  &  Jones  Mining  and  Milling  Com- 
pany. 

Eastern  and  Western  Transportation  Com- 
pany. 

Good  &  Sweet  &  Co. 

J.  P.  Morgan  &  Co. 

In  literary,  artistic,  scientific,  and  similar  companionships— 

Cuvier  and  Valenciennes.  Hay  and  Nicolay.  Smith  and  De  Koven. 

LATITUDE,  ETC.     In  parentheses,  use  lat.  for  latitude  and  long,  for  longitude, 
when  with  figures. 

MISCELLANEOUS  TERMS. 

b.  o.  for  buyer's  option. 

B.  t.  u.  for  British  thermal  units. 

c.  c.  for  cubic  centimeter. 

c.  i.  f.  for  cost,  insurance,  and  freight, 
c.  p.  a.  for  certified  public  accountant. 

e.  g.  for  exempli  gratia, 
etc.  for  &c. 

feet  b.  m.  for  board  measure,  when 
with  figures. 

f.  o.  b.  for  free  on  board. 

f°  for  folio,  4°  for  quarto,  8°  for  octavo.. 

ib.,  ibid.,  for  ibidem. 

id.  for  idem. 

loc.  cit.  for  loco  citato. 

n.  e.  s.  for  not  elsewhere  specified. 


nol-pros  (nolle  prosequi). 

non-pros  (non  prosequitur). 

op.  cit.  for  opere  citato. 

0.  K.;  O.  K.'ed;  O.  K.'ing. 

per  cent  (omitting  period) . 

phone  (omitting  apostrophe). 

ser.  for  series. 

sp.  gr.  for  specific  gravity. 

ss  for  scilicet,  as  Essex  County,  ss  (no 

point). 
St.  for  Saint;  but  Fort  and  Mount  are 

not  to  be  abbreviated. 
v.  for  versus  ("against"  if  copy), 
viz  (omitting  period). 


ABBREVIATIONS.  15 

MONEY.  English  money,  £2  4s.  6d.;  Philippine  money,  !P  for  peso.  Copy  editors 
should  indicate  when  abbreviations  are  to  be  used.  (See  also  Foreign  coins, 
p.  53.) 

MONTHS.  In  references  in  parentheses  and  in  leader  work,  where  day  of  month  is 
given,  use — 

Jan.  for  January.  Apr.  for  April.  Sept.  for  September.       Nov.  for  November. 

Peb.  for  February.        Aug.  for  August.  Oct.  for  October.  Dec.  for  December. 

Mar.  for  March. 

May,  June,  and  July  are  not  abbreviated. 

NUMBER.  Use  No.  when  preceding  a  serial  number,  as  No.  1836.  In  lines  con- 
sisting of  caps,  when  the  abbreviation  "No."  occurs  use  lower-case  "o." 

PUBLIC  LANDS. 

Copy  editors  should  indicate  when  the  following  terms  are  to  be  abbreviated  (note 
caps,  punctuation,  and  use  of  plural  in  the  following  examples):  (1)  N.  £  NE.  £ 
sec.  1,  T.  2  N.,  R.  3  W.;  fractional  sees.  2  and  3,  Tps.  4  and  5  N.,  Rs.  6  and  7  W.; 
and  lot  6,  NE.  \-  sec.  4,  T.  6  N.,  R.  1  W.,  of  the  Indian  meridian.  (2)  N.  £  sec.  20, 
T.  7  N.,  R.  2  W.  of  the  sixth  principal  meridian. 

When  fractions  are  spelled  in  land  descriptions,  half  and  quarter,  not  one-half  and 
one-quarter. 

RAILROADS.  When  the  words  "railroad"  and  "railway"  are  abbreviated,  use 
R.  R.  for  railroad  and  Ry.  for  railway.  For  titles  of  roads  and  method  for  their 
abbreviation  see  page  74. 

REFERENCES.  In  parentheses,  footnotes,  cut-in  notes,  side  notes,  and  tables  use 
capital  letter  with  roman  numerals  except  in  the  case  of  p.  or  pp.,  observing 
the  following  forms: 

art.  or  arts,  for  article  or  articles.  par.  or  pars,  for  paragraph  or  paragraphs. 

eh.  or  ens.  for  chapter  or  chapters.  pt.  or  pts.  for  part  or  parts. 

fig.  or  figs,  for  figure  or  figures.  sec.  or  sees,  for  section  or  sections. 

pi.  or  pis.  for  plate  or  plates.  vol.  or  vols.  for  volume  or  volumes. 

p.  or  pp.  for  page  or  pages. 

SOVEREIGNS.  When  the  names  of  sovereigns  of  a  country  are  mentioned  only 
occasionally,  such  names  may  be  given  in  full;  as,  Ed  ward"  the  Seventh,  Charles 
the  First.  When  such  names  occur  frequently,  they  maybe  printed  with  roman 
numerals  without  a  period;  as,  Edward  VII,  'Charles  I. 

STATES  AND  TERRITORIES. 

In  indexes,  leader  work,  and  tables  abbreviate  after  cape,  island,  mountain,  river, 
etc.,  when  the  name  is  given,  and  after  groups  of  geographic  names  in  text  inter- 
mixed with  any  of  the  terms  in  the  next  paragraph;  as,  New  York,  N.  Y.;  Long 
Island,  N.  Y.;  Cape  Poge,  Mass.;  Brentons  Reef,  R.  I.;  Potomac  River,  Md. 

Immediately  after  the  name  of  a  city,  town,  village,  Indian  agency,  armory,  arsenal, 
barrack,  county,  fort,  navy -yard,  reservation  (forest,  Indian,  or'military),  reserve, 
or  station  (military  or  naval):  • 

Ala.  for  Alabama.  Me.  for  Maine.  Okla.  for  Oklahoma. 

Ariz,  for  Arizona.  Md.  for  Maryland.  Oreg.  for  Oregon. 

Ark.  for  Arkansas.  Mass,  for  Massachusetts.  Pa.  for  Pennsylvania. 

Cal.  for  California.  Mich,  for  Michigan.  P.  I.  for  Philippine  Islands. 

Colo,  for  Colorado.  Minn,  for  Minnesota.  P.  R.  for  Porto  Rico. 

Conn,  for  Connecticut.  Miss,  for  Mississippi.  R.  I.  for  Rhode  Island. 

Del.  for  Delaware.  Mo.  for  Missouri.  S.  C.  for  South  Carolina. 

D.  C.  for  District  of  Columbia.    Mont,  for  Montana.  S.  Dak.  for  South  Dakota. 

Fla.  for  Florida.  Nebr.  for  Nebraska.  Tenn.  for  Tennessee. 

Ga.  for  Georgia.  Nev.  for  Nevada.  Tex.  for  Texas. 

111.  for  Illinois.  N.  H.  for  New  Hampshire.  Vt.  for  Vermont. 

Ind.  for  Indiana.  N.  J.  for  New  Jersey.  Va.  for  Virginia. 

Ind.  T.  for  Indian  Territory.        N.  Mex.  for  New  Mexico.  Wash,  for  Washington. 

Kans.  for  Kansas.  N.  Y.  for  New  York.  W.  Va.  for  West  Virginia. 

Ky.  for  Kentucky.  N.  C.  for  North  Carolina.  Wis.  for  Wisconsin. 

La.  for  Louisiana.  N.  Dak.  for  North  Dakota.  Wyo.  for  Wyoming. 

Alaska,  Hawaii,  Guam,  Idaho,  Iowa,  Ohio,  Samoa,  and  Utah  are  not  abbreviated. 

STATUTES.  In  references  in  parentheses,  footnotes,  cut-in  notes,  side  notes,  and 
tables:  Rev.  Stat.  for  Revised  Statutes;  Supp.  Rev.  Stat,  for  Supplement  to  the 
Revised  Statutes;  Stat.  L.  for  Statutes  at  Large  (but  R.  S.,  Stat.,  or  Stats,  if  so 
.written).  British  statutes:  34 and  35  Viet.,  74;  1  Geo.  IV,  25. 


Itf  ABBREVIATIONS  -  ADDRESSES. 

STREETS.  When  referring  to  Washington,  D.  C.,  use  the  forms:  First  street  NW., 
Four-and-a-half  street  SW.,  Florida  avenue  NE.,  Seventh  street  SW.,  etc. 
Spell  out  First  street  east,  Third  street  went,  R  street  north,  M  street  south, 
etc.  (See  also  Abbreviations,  p.  38.) 

TEMPERATURES,  ETC.  F.  for  Fahrenheit;  0.  for  centigrade;  Cel.  for  Celsius; 
R.  for  Reaumur;  B.  for  Baume;  Twad.  for  Twaddell. 

rprrriT  -po 

Military  and  naval,  only  when  preceding  Christian  names,  as  in  the  following  list: 


Adjt. 
Adjt.Gen. 

Com.  Sergt.  (commissary- 
sergeant). 
Corpl. 

Lieut.  Col. 
Lieut.  Commander. 
Lieut.  Gen. 

Pvt. 
Q.M.Gep. 
Q.M.  Sergt. 

Asst!  Surg. 
Brig  Gen 
Bvt. 
Cap 

First  Lieut. 
(Jen. 
Hosp.  Sergt.                        , 
Hosp.  Steward. 

Lieut.  (.Winior  Grade). 
Maj. 
Maj.  Gen. 
Ord.  Sergt.  (ordnance- 

Sergt. 
Sergt.  Maj. 
Second  Lieut. 
Second  Sergt. 

Col. 
Com.  Gen.  (commissary- 
general). 

lusp.  Gen. 
Judge-Advocate-Gen. 

Lieut, 

sergeant). 
Orderly  Sergt. 
Passed  Asst.  Surg. 

Surg. 
Surg.  Gen. 
Surg.  Maj. 

. 

Always  abbreviate  the  following,  preceding  Christian  name  (otherwise  spell  out, 
except  Messrs,  and  M.  for  Monsieur): 

nr  for  doctor  Rev.  for  reverend. 

Hon.  for  honorable.  Right  Hon.  for  right  honorable. 

M  for  monsieur.  Right  Rev.  for  right  reverend. 

Messrs,  or  MM.  for  messieurs.  Supt.  for  superintendent. 

Prof,  for  professor.  Very  Rev.  for  very  reverend. 

Following  surname: 

esq   for  esquire  Fellowships:  F.  R.  S.  for  Fellow  of  the  Royal 

ir  for  iunior  Society,  etc. 

sr  for  senior  '  Orders  of  chivalry:  K.  C.  B.  for  Knight  Corn- 

Degrees  conferred  by  colleges,  etc.:    LL.  D.  mander  of  the  Bath. 

for  doctor  of  laws;    M.  A.  for  master  of 
arts,  etc. 

UNITED  STATES. 

When  immediately  associated  with  the  name  of  an  officer  of  the  army  or  navy, 

as  Lieut.  John  Doe,  U.  S.  Army;  Admiral  Richard  Roe,  U.  S.  Navy. 
The  name  of  an  organization  of  the  army  or  navy,  as  First  Regiment  U.  S.  Vol- 

unteers, Second  U.  S.  Cavalry,  etc. 
When  preceding  the  name  of  a  government  vessel,  as  U.  S.  S.  Brooklyn  (any  other 

designation  than  "ship"  or  "steamer"  to  be  spelled,  as  U.  S.  monitor  Nantucket). 
In  parentheses,  footnotes,  cut-in  notes,  side  notes,  or  tables  when  with  the  name 

of  an  organization  of  the  army  or  navy,  a  department,  bureau,  commission, 

etc.,  of  the  United  States  Government. 

ADDRESSES. 

Capitalize  the  principal  words  in  business  and  residence  addresses. 

Abbreviate  when  necessary  to  the  good  appearance  of  a  line. 

Space  with  en  quads  in  small-cap,  cap-and-small-cap,  and  cap  lines.  Also  observe 
same  spacing  when  words  occur  in  text  in  caps,  small  caps,  etc. 

Omit  leads  when  space  is  clear  between  date  line  and  address,  signature  and  text, 
or  signature  and  address. 

When  end  of  line  is  3  ems  or  more  from  dash,  omit  slug;  when  less  than  3  ems, 
use  slug. 

In  text,  esq.,  jr.,  sr.;  in  a  cap-and-small-cap  address  or  signature,  Esq.,  Jr.,  br.; 
when  address  or  signature  is  all  caps,  ESQ.,  JR.,  SR.  When  set  in  caps  of  type 
having  no  small  caps,  use  caps  and  lower  case. 

Use  Brown,  A.  H.,  jr.,  not  Brown,  jr.,  A.  H. 

Addresses  to  be  placed  either  at  beginning  or  end  of  a  letter  or  paper,  as  indicated 

The  name  of  a  person,  a  firm,  or  the  title  of  an  official  in  an  address  to  be  at 


at  end. 

Use  one  lead  under  an  address  when  at  the  beginning  of  letter. 


• 

ADDRESSES  -  CAPITALIZATION.  17 

General  addresses  to  be  italic,  flush,  overruns  indented  1  em;  lower-case  except 
proper  nouns: 
To  collectors  of  customs  and  internal  revenue: 

The  examples  following  show  some  of  the  forms  to  be  observed: 

[When  italic  line  is  longer  than  name  line,  indent  italic  line  2  ems  more  than  name  line.  Ordi- 
narily where  both  lines  are  about  same  length  or  the  italic  line  is  the  shorter,  place  the  italic 
line  so  that  its  center  will  be  at  the  end  of  the  name  line.  When  address  does  not  make  but 
half  a  line,  and  does  not  touch  on  date  or  signature,  to  be  one  line."! 

Brig.  Gen.  G.  L.  GILLESPIE,  U.  S.  Army, 

Chief  of  Engineers. 
Brig.  Gen.  G.  L.  GILLESPIE, 

Chief  of  Engineers,  U.  S.  Army. 

DThe  CHIEF  OF  ENGINEERS 

D  D  D  (Through  the  Division  Engineer). 

Brig.  Gen.  THOMAS  L.  CASEY, 

D  D  Chief  of  Engineers,  U.  S.  Army,  Washington,  D.  r. 

To  SMITH  &  JONES,  and 
BROWN  &  GREEN, 

Attorneys  for  Claimant. 

DThe  honorable  the  SECRETARY  OF  WAR. 
DEAR  SIR: 


DMr.  REED: 

[Where  a  caption  makes  more  than  a  half  line,  to  be  two  lines:] 

STATE  OF  NEW  YORK, 

County  of  New  York,  ss: 

[Note  punctuation  in  these  forms:] 
Hon.  ALEXANDER  McDowELL, 

House  of  Representatives. 

DDEAR  MR.  CLERK:  I  have  the  honor,  etc. 

Lieut.  (Junior  Grade)  JOHN  SMITH, 

Navy  Department: 
DThe  care  shown  by  you,  etc.  - 

CAPITALIZATION. 

[See  also  Follow—  Fol.  lit.—  Fol.  type  and  style,  p.  32.J 

Capitalize  the  titles  of  departments,  bureaus,  etc.,  only  wh6n  name  is  given. 
Capitalize  all  titles  immediately  preceding  names  of  persons,  but  lower-case  when 
following,  except  as  noted. 

ACADEMY.  Capitalize  Military  Academy,  Naval  Academy,  the  Military  and  Naval 
academies,  the  academy.  National  Academy  of  Sciences,  the  academy. 

ACTING.     Capitalize  when  immediately  preceding  any  title  that  is  capitalized. 

ADDRESSES,  ETC.  Capitalize  the  principal  words  in  addresses,  signatures,  and 
date  lines.  (See  also  Addresses,  pp.  16-17.) 

ADJECTIVES  AND  VERBS  ending  with  "ed,"  "ify,"  "ing,"  "ize,"  etc.,  such  as 
anglicized,  frenchified,  romanized,  gallicized,  etc.,  lower  case  when  derived 
from  proper  names. 

ADMINISTRATION.  Lower-case  in  all  instances;  as  the  administration  of  President 
Lincoln,  the  administrations  of  Washington  and  Jefferson,  Grant's  administra- 
tion, the  administration. 

AGENCY.  Capitalize  when  preceded  by  name  and  referring  to  an  Indian  agency, 
singular  form  only. 

APPENDIX.     Capitalize  Appendix  A,  Appendix  1,  the  appendix. 
51121—08  -  2 


18  CAPITALIZATION. 

A  TJ1VF  V 

Capitalize  the  United  States  Army,  the  Regular  Army,  the  Volunteer  Army,  the 

Regular  and  Volunteer  armies,  the  Regulars,  the  Volunteers. 
Lower-case  standing  alone  and  also  when  used  as  an  adjective;  the  army,  an  army 

officer,  etc.  _, 

Capitalize  its  organizations,  as  Engineer  Corps,  Nurse  Corps,  Fay  Corps,  etc. 
Lower-case  its  subdivisions,  as  the  infantry,  the  cavalry,  etc.   (adjective  1  >rm, 

signal  corps  man,  hospital  corps  man). 
Lower-case  organizations  bearing  names  of  persons:  Robinson's  brigade,  Wheat  g 

regiment,  etc. 

Capitalize  the  names  of  foreign  military  organizations. 
Lower-case  ten  companies  of  coast  artillery  (or  batteries,  field  artillery      but  capi- 

talize Third  Battery  of  Field  Artillery,  Tenth  Company  of  Coast  Art] 
ASSISTANT.     Capitalize  when  immediately  preceding  any  title  that  is  capitalized. 
AUDITOR.     Capitalize  Auditor  for  the  State  and  other  departments,  etc.  ,  only  when 

title  is  given. 

T>(~)  A  T>T) 

Meaning  a  United  States  Government  board,  to  be  capitalized  only  when  name  is 
given  or  when  used  with  any  recognized  title.    Lower-case  state  and  other  boards. 

Board  of  Trade  of  Boston,  the  New  York  Board  of  Trade,  the  Taft  Board,  the 

board. 

BOROUGH.     Capitalize  when  referring  to  the  boroughs  of  Greater  New  York,  sin- 
gular form  only,  as  Manhattan  Borough,  Borough  of  the  Bronx,  the  borough. 

BUILDING.     See  Capitalized  titles,  etc.,  page  26. 

BUREAU      Capitalize  bureaus  of  the  United  States  Government  only  when  name  is 

given;  the  bureau,  the  bureau  officers,  etc.;  lower-case  state  and  other  bureaus. 
CABINET.     Capitalize  when  used  in  connection  with  the  Cabinet  of  a  President 

of  the  United  States,  singular  form  only;  the  Cabinet,  Cabinet  officers,  the  cabi- 

nets of  Lincoln  and  Grant. 
CHAIRMAN.      Capitalize  Chairman  of  the  Committee  of  the  Whole  (House  of 

Representatives)  in  all  instances,  with  the  name  or  standing  alone.     Lower-case 

in  all  other  cases,  except  when  addressed  as  Mr.  Chairman. 
CHANNEL.    Capitalize  when  name  is  given,  as  the  English  Channel,  the  Nicholas 

Channel  (singular  form  only). 
CHIEF.     Capitalize  when  used  with  the  name  of  a  government  bureau,  etc.,  as 

Chief  of  the  Bureau  of  Insular  Affairs  (or  Chief  of  the  Insular  Bureau),  Chief 

of  Artillery,  etc.,  but  lower-case  when  standing  alone. 
CHURCH.    Capitalize  when  name  is  given,  referring  to  a  building,  congregation, 

or  sect. 
CITY.     Capitalize  only  when  part  of  the  corporate  name,  except  City  of  Mexico, 

New  York  City,  and  Washington  City. 
COLLEGE  DEGREES.     Lower-case  when  spelled  out  and  standing  alone,  as  the 

degree  of  doctor  of  laws,  the  degree  of  master  of  arts,  etc. 

COMMISSION.      Capitalize  commissions  created  by  Congress  only  when  name  is 

given.     Lower-case  state  and  other  commissions. 
COMMISSIONER.     Capitalize  only  when  title  is  given. 
COMMITTEE.     Capitalize  all  standing  and  select  committees  of  the  Senate  and 

House  of  Representatives.     Committee  of  the  Whole  House  on  the  state  of  the 

Union. 
COMMONWEALTH.     Capitalize  when  used  as  a  synonym  of  State.  ; 


Capitalize  'Congress  when  meaning  that  of  the  United  States  or  any  independent 

_  foreign  power.     Lower-case  congressional. 

Capitalize  only  with  full  name  in  such  cases  as  Pan-American  Congress,  the 

congress.     (See  also  Foreign  governments,  p.  20.) 
CONTINENT.    Capitalize  when  standing  alone  and  referring  to  continental  Europe, 

as  the  Continent;  otherwise  singular  form  only,  when  preceded  by  name. 


CAPITALIZATION.  19 

CONVENTION.  Capitalize  the  Constitutional  Convention  (United  States,  of  1787), 
the  Third  Annual  Convention  of  American  Florists,  the  convention;  the  Repub- 
lican national  convention. 

CORPS.  Capitalize  when  meaning  the  Marine  Corps,  or  any  corps  of  the  army  or 
navy;  the  corps.  Lower-case  as  an  adjective. 

COURT.  Capitalize  federal  and  state  courts  in  court  work  only.  (See  also  Court 
style,  pp.  43,44;  Court,  p.  27.) 

COURT  HOUSE.  Used  as  a  geographic  name,  omit  the  hyphen,  as  Washington 
Court  House,  Ohio. 

CROWN.  Capitalize  when  referring  definitely  to  the  ruler  of  an  independent  gov- 
ernment, but  lower-case  when  used  as  an  adjective,  as  the  crown  lands.  (See  also 
Foreign  governments,  p.  20. ) 

DAM.     Capitalize  Dam  1,  Dams  1  and  2,  Dam  No.  1?  Dams  Nos.  1  and  2. 

DEITY.  Capitalize  all  words  denoting,  as  All- Wise;  also  all  pronouns  except  those 
commencing  with  the  letter  "  w,"  as  who,  whom,  or  whose. 

DEPARTMENT. 

Capitalize  when  referring  to  the  executive^  departments,  United  States  Govern- 
ment, when  name  is  given;  lower-case  standing  alone  and  when  plural,  as  the 
department,  the  departments,  the  War  and  Navy  departments;  also  lower-case 
as  an  adjective,  as  a  department  clerk,  a  departmental  position. 

Lower-case  when  referring  to  one  of  the  three  coordinate  branches  of  the  Govern- 
ment, as  the  Government  is  composed  of  the  legislative,  executive,  and  judicial 
departments. 

Capitalize  when  referring  to  a  government  bureau,  as  the  Land  Department,  but 
lower-case  standing  alone  and  when  plural,  as  the  Land  and  Indian  depart- 
ments, the  departments,  the  department. 

DEPUTY.     Capitalize  when  immediately  preceding  any  title  that  is  capitalized. 
DIRECTOR.     Capitalize  only  when  title  is  given. 

DISTRICT. 

Capitalize  when  referring  to  the  District  of  Columbia;  also  any  synonymous  term, 

as  Federal  District. 
Capitalize  when  used  with  qualifying  word  that  is  capitalized,  as  Fifth  Congressional 

District. 
Certain  Central  and  South  American  countries  have  districts  similar  to  the  above, 

which  are  to  be  capitalized  only  when  full  name  is  given. 
(See  also  Numbers  used  as  names,  p.  23.) 

DIVISION. 

Referring  to  divisions  of  the  executive  departments,  capitalize  only  when  title 
is  given,  as  Division  of  Accounts  and  Disbursements,  Division  of  Publications, 
the  division. 

Lower-case  when  referring  to  grand  divisions  of  the  United  States,  comprising  the 
North  Atlantic  division,  South  Atlantic  division,  North  Central  division,  South 
Central  division,  and  Western  division;  also  any  prefixed  term,  as  east  North 
Atlantic  division. 

EXCELLENCY. 

Capitalize  when  referring  to  the  ruler  of  an  independent  government,  as  His 
Excellency  or  Your  Excellency.  In  other  cases,  only  when  used  with  name  or 
title  that  is  capitalized. 

EXECUTIVE.  Capitalize  only  when  a  noun  and  meaning  the  President  of  the 
United  States;  lower-case  when  used  as  an  adjective. 

EXHIBIT.     Capitalize  Exhibit  A,  Exhibit  1. 

FIRMS,  CORPORATIONS,  ETC. 

Smith  &  Co.  (Incorporated);  Jones  &  Co.  (Limited);  Lincoln  Brothers  &  John- 
son (Corporation). 

Capitalize  Chamber  of  Commerce  of  New  York,  the  New  York  Chamber  of  Com- 
merce; lower-case  the  chamber  of  commerce;  treat  "board  of  trade"  in  the 
same  manner. 


CAPITALIZATION. 


FLAG.     Capitalize  synonyms  ol  the  United  States  flag,  as  the  Stars  and  Stripes, 
Star-Spangled  Banner,  Old  Glory,  etc. 

FOREIGN  GOVERNMENTS. 

Capitalize,  singular  or  plural,  with  the  name  or  standing  alone,  the  title  of  any 
ruler,  the  name  of  any  legislative  body  and  its  constituent  branches,  and  the  name 
of  domain  and  its  administrative  subdivisions  when  referring  definitely  to  any 
one  of  the  titles  or  names  given  in  the  following  table,  but  lower-case  in  any 
form  used  as  an  adjective. 

Table  of  foreign  independent  governments  of  the  world. 
[Compiled  from  Statesman's  Yeaj-Book,  1908.] 


Country. 


Title  of  ruler. 


Legislative  body  and  branches. 


Domain  and  adminis- 
trative subdivisions. 


Abyssinia |  King j Empire:  Kingdom. 

Afghanistan Ameer \ Kingdom:  Province. 

Argentina President National  Congress:  Senate,  House     Republic:  Province 

of  Deputies.  Territory. 

Austria-Hungary '  Empire  and  Kingdom. 

Austria .'.    Emperor Parliament    (Reichsrath):    Upper  '  Province. 

House    (Herrenhaus),    Lower 
House  (Abgeordnetenhaus). 

Hungary  ...  I  King Parliament  ( Orszaggyiiles) :  Upper  j         Do. 

House     (Forendihaz),     Lower  I 
House  (Kepviselohaz). 

Belgium do 1  Senate,   Chamber  of   Represents-     Kingdom :  Province. 

tives. 

Bhutan Deb    Rajah,  \ State. 

Dharm  Rajah 
(2). 

Bolivia '  President Congress:  Senate,  Chamber  of  Dep-     Republic:  Department, 

uties.  Territory. 

Brazil do National  Congress:  Senate,  Cham-  i  Republic:  State. 

ber  of  Deputies. 

Chile  .  ..! do do Republic:  Province, 

Territory. 

China \  Emperor .% Empire:  Province. 

Colombia President Congress:  Senate,  House  of  Repre-     Republic: Department. 

sentatives. 

Costa  Rica do Congress:  Chamber  of  Representa-     Republic:  Province. 

tives. 

Cuba do Congress:  Senate,  House  of  Repre-  Do. 

sentatives. 

Denmark. King Rigsdag  (or  Diet):  Landsthing,  !  Kingdom:   County 

Folkething.  (Amt). 

Ecuador President National  Congress:  Senate,  Cham-     Republic:  Province. 

ber  of  Deputies. 

France do National    Assembly  or   Congress;     Republic:  Department. 

Senate,  Chamber  of  Deputies. 

German  Empire  .  Emperor Bundesrat,  Reichstag Empire:  State,  King- 
dom, Grand  Duchy, 
Duchy,  and  Princi- 
pality. 

Greece King Legislative  Assembly  (Bul6) Kingdom:     Nomarchy 

(Province). 

Guatemala President National  Assembly Republic:  Department. 

Haiti do Senate,  Chamber  of  Communes Do. 

Honduras j do Congress  of  Deputies Do. 

Italy !  KJng Parliament:    Senate,  Chamber  of     Kingdom:  Province. 

Deputies. 

Japan Emperor     (Mi-     Imperial    Diet:    House   of    Peers,     Empire:  Prefecture 

kado).  House  of  Representatives.  (Fu  and  Ken). 

Korea Emperor i  Kingdom:  Province. 

Liberia President Parliament:  Senate,  House  of  Rep-  ;  Republic:  County. 

resentatives. 

Mexico do Congress:  Senate,  House  of  Repre-     Republic:  State,  Terri- 

sentatives.  tory. 

Monaco Prince Principality. 

Montenegro do National  Assembly  or  Skupshtina . .  Do. 

Morocco Sultan Sultanate:  Province. 

Nepal King , Kingdom. 

Netherlands Queen States-General :     First     Chamber,  !  Kingdom :  Province. 

Second  Chamber. 

Nicaragua President Congress Republic:  Department. 

Norway King |  Storting:  Lagting.  Odelsting Kingdom:        Amt 

(County). 

Oman Sultan Sultanate. 

Panama President Chamber  of  Deputies Republic:  Province. 

Paraguay : do Congress:  Senate,  House  of  Depu-     Republic:  Department. 

ties. 


CAPITALIZATION.  21 

Table  of  foreign  Independent  governments  of  the  world — Continued. 


Country. 

Title  of  ruler. 

Legislative  body  and  branches. 

Domain  and  adminis- 
trative subdivisions. 

Persia  

Shah  

National  Council  

Kingdom'  Province 

Peru  . 

President 

Congress'  Senate  House  of  Repre- 

Portugal   

King 

sentatives. 
Cortes   Geraes'    House    of    Peers 

Roumania  

do 

House  of  Commons. 
Senate  Chamber  of  Deputies 

Russia 

Emperor 

Council  of  the  Empire    Douma 

Salvador  

President 

Congress  of  Deputies 

Santo  Domingo.. 

do  

National  Congress 

Servia  

King 

National    Assembly    (Narodna- 

Siam  

..  do  . 

Skupshtina). 

Spain 

do 

Cortes'  Senate    Congress  of  Depu- 

Do 

Sweden.  . 

do 

ties. 
Parliament  (or  Diet)'  ^irst  Cham- 

Switzerland   

President 

ber,  Second  Chamber. 
Parliament'   State  Council   (Stiin- 

ment  (Lan)  . 

Turkey  

Sultan  

derath),  National  Council   (Na- 
*  tionalrath). 

Empire'  Vilavet 

United  Kingdom 

King 

Parliament4  House  of  Lords  House 

of  Great  Britain 
and    Ireland. 

Australia  

Canada 

Governor  -Gen- 
eral, 
do 

of  Commons. 

Federal  Parliament:  Senate,  House 
of  Representatives. 
Parliament'  Senate  House  of  Com- 

rough, University, 
Commonwealth:  State. 

Uruguay  
Venezuela 

President  
do 

mons. 
Parliament:    Senate,   Chamber  of 
Representatives. 
Congress'  Senate  Chamber  of  Dep- 

Republic: Department. 

uties. 

torv. 

FORM.     Capitalize  Form  A,  Form  1. 

GEOGRAPHIC  NAMES. 

Capitalize  the  following  terms,  singular  form  only,  when  immediately  following 
name;  also  the  words  " Hills,"  "Islands,"  and  "Mountains"  when  immediately 
following  the  name  of  a  group: 


Aqueduct. 
Archipelago. 
Butte. 
Branch  (stream). 
Canal. 
Canyon. 
County. 

Crater. 
Creek. 
Dome. 
Draw  (stream). 
Fork  (stream). 
Gap. 
Glacier. 

Gulch. 
Harbor. 
Head. 
Hill. 
Hollow. 
Island. 
Mesa. 

Mountain. 

Narrows. 

Nation  (Ind.T.). 

Ocean. 

Parish  (La.). 

Park. 

Plateau. 


Range  (mountain) 
.Ridge. 

River. 

Run  (stream). 
-Shoal  (s). 
Spring  (s). 
Tunnel. 


Capitalize  the  following,  singular  form,  either  before  or  after  and  when  a  part  of 
the  name,  also  plural  form  when  before  name: 

Bay.  Dalles.  '    Isle.  Pass.  Sea, 

Bayou.  Desert.  Lake.  Peak.  Strait. 

Camp  (military).     Falls.  Mount.  Point.  Valley. 

Cape.  Fort.  Oasis.  Port.  Volcano. 

EXAMPLES:  Chesapeake  Bay;  Bay  of  Fundy:  Massachusetts  and  Delaware  bays;  BaysofFundy 
and  Biscay;  Delaware  River  and  Bay.  Use  lower-case  for  such  an  expression  as  "the  valleys  o'f 
Virginia  and  Maryland"  (or  a  like  one  used  in  this  manner  involving  any  other  word  in* this 
list),  as  there  is  no  valley  known  as  the  "  Valley  of  Virginia"  or  the  "Valley  of  Maryland." 

Treat  the  following  terms  the  same  as  those  in  the  preceding  list,  but  capitalize 
when  standing  alone  and  used  as  a  synonym  for  the  name  in  parentheses,  also 
when  used  as  adjectives: 


Canal  Zone  (Panama). 

Delta  (of  the  Mississippi  River). 

Falls  (Niagara). 


Gulf  (of  Mexico). 
Isthmus  (of  Panama). 
Lakes  (Great  Lakes) . 


Sound  (Long  Island;  Puget). 
Peninsula  (Spain). 


GEOLOGICAL  AGES,  ETC. 

The  orthography,  capitalization,  and  use  of  quotations  in  the  terms  listed  below 
will  be  followed  in  general  work.  It  should  be  noted,  however,  that  "Coal 
Measures"  is  a  subdivision  of  the  Carboniferous  system;  " Calciferous "  and 
"Magnesian"  are  lithologic  subdivisions  of  the  Cambrian  and  Orclovician,  respec- 
tively; and  "Red  Beds"  is  used  for  Permo-Triassic  rocks  of  the  West;  and  that, 
these  terms,  if  used  in  a  common-noun  sense,  are  not  capitalized  or  quoted.  The 
adjectives  upper,  middle,  and  lower,  when  used  with  Cambrian,  Ordovician 


22  CAPITALIZATION. 

(except  Lower  Ordovician)f  Carboniferous,  or  Tertiary,  are  not  to  be  capitalized 
unless  the  term  is  quoted  (upper  Cambrian ;  ' '  Upper  Cambrian " ) .  Follow  copy 
as  to  any  of  the  preceding  terms. 

Acadian.  Devonian:  lignitic.  Permian. 

Algonkian.  Lower.  "  Magnesian."  "  Permo-Carboniferous." 

Archean.  Middle.  magnesian.  Pleistocene. 

"  Califerons."  Upper.  Mesozoic.  Pliocene: 

calciferous.  Eocene:  Miocene:  post-Pliocene. 

Cambrian:  lower.  lower.  pre-Pliocene. 

lower.  middle.  middle.  Primary. 

middle.  upper.  upper.  Proterozoic. 

pre-Cambrian.  Georgian.  Mohawkian.  Quaternary. 

upper.  glacial:  Neocene.  Recent. 

Carboniferous:  interglacial.  Oligocene:  "  Red  Beds. 

lower.  postglacial.  lower,  red  beds. 

upper.  preglacial.  middle.  Saratogan. 

Cenozoic.  Jurassic:  upper.  Silurian. 

Cincinnatian.  Lower.  Ordovician:  Tertiary. 

"Coal  Measures."  Middle.  Lower.  Triassic: 

coal  measures.  Upper.  middle.  Lower. 

"  Corniferous."  "Juratrias."  upper.  Middle. 

Cretaceous:  "Lignitic."  Paleozoic.  Upper. 

Lower. 

Upper. 

GOVERNMENT. 

Capitalize  only  when  used  as  a  noun  and  referring  to  the  United  States  Govern- 
ment or  definitely  to  a  foreign  government,  singular  or  plural,  as  the  Government 
of  the  United  States,  the  Japanese  Government,  etc.,  the  Governments  of  the 
United  States  and  England,  the  two  Governments,  the  Government;  but  when 
used  as  an  adjective  or  referring  to  a  dependency,  lower-case,  as  government 
control,  government  ownership,  government  employee,  the  Canadian  govern- 
ment, etc. ;  also  in  the  abstract  sense,  as  this  Government  is  a  government;  refer- 
ring to  a  State  of  the  United  States,  the  state  government. 

HEADINGS.  Display  and  center  headings  to  be  all  capitals  unless  otherwise 
indicated. 

HEMISPHERE.     See  World,  Sections  of,  page  25. 

HISTORICAL  PERIODS.  Capitalize  the  Reformation,  the  Restoration  (English), 
the  Renaissance,  the  Revolution  (American,  of  1776;  French,  of  1789:  English, 
of  1687),  Revolution  of  July  (French);  but  lower-case  feudal  ages,  middle  ages, 
golden  age,  etc. 

HOLIDAYS,  ETC.  Capitalize  Decoration  Day  or  Memorial  Day,  Washington's 
Birthday,  Good  Friday,  Easter  Sunday,  Labor  Day,  etc. ;  a  noted  day,  as  Black 
Friday,  etc. ;  but  blue  Monday. 

HOSPITAL.  Capitalize  only  when  part  of  the  name  of  an  institution,  as  Providence 
Hospital,  the  hospital;  but  Fifth  Regiment  hospital. 

INDIANS.  Capitalize  such  distinguishing  terms  as  Absentee,  Eastern,  etc.,  as 
Absentee  Shawnee,  Eastern  (or  Lower)  band  of  Cherokee,  Joseph's  band,  etc.; 
the  Five  Civilized  Tribes;  but  Seneca  tribe,  the  Creek  Nation,  Creek  and  Cherokee 
nations,  the  Six  Nations. 

LEGISLATIVE  BODIES.  Capitalize  the  names  of  the  principal  legislative  body 
and  branches  of  an  independent  government.  Lower-case  those  of  States  and 
Territories.  (See  also  Foreign  governments,  p.  20.) 

LOCK.  Capitalize  only  in  such  expressions  as  Lock  2,  Looks  1  and  2,  Lock  No.  1, 
Locks  Nos.  1  and  2. 

LOWER.     Capitalize  when  part  of  a  name,  as  Lower  California  (Mexico),  Lower 
Egypt,  Lower  (or  Upper)  Peninsula  of  Michigan;  but  lower 
peninsula  unaccompanied  by  name;  lower  Mississippi,  etc. 


MEMBER  OF  CONGRESS.  Capitalize  when  referring  to  a  Representative  in  the 
Congress  of  the  United  States;  also  Senator  and  Member,  Member  and  Delegate. 

MILITIA.  Capitalize  when  occurring  in  connection  with  the  name  of  any  State, 
either  before  or  following,  as  the  Illinois  Militia,  the  Militia  of  Ohio.  Lower- 
case when  appearing  alone,  as  the  militia. 


CAPITALIZATION.  23 

MINT.  Capitalize  the  Bureau  of  the  Mint;  lower-case  the  mint,  the  Philadelphia 
mint,  etc. 

NATION.  When  referring  to  a  geographic  subdivision  of  the  Indian  Territory, 
capitalize,  singular  form  only,  when  immediately  preceded  by  name,  as  Creek 
Nation,  etc.;  otherwise  lower-case.  (See  Indians,  p.  22.) 

NATIONAL.  Capitalize  when  preceding  any  word  that  is  capitalized;  otherwise 
lower-case,  as  the  national  capital. 

NATIONAL  GUARD.  Capitalize  when  occurring  in  connection  with  the  name  of 
any  State,  either  before  or  following,  as  the  New  York  National  Guard,  the 
National  Guard  of  Ohio.  Lower-case  when  appearing  alone,  as  the  national 
guard. 

NAVAL.  Capitalize  when  used  with  proper  name,  as  New  York  Naval  Reserve, 
Newport  Naval  Training  Station,  etc.;  otherwise  lower-case. 

NAVY. 
Capitalize  the  United  States  Navy;  lower-case  standing  alone  and  also  when  used 

as  an  adjective;  the  navy,  a  navy  officer,  etc. 
Capitalize  its  organizations,  as  Engineer  Corps,  etc. 

NUMBERS  USED  AS  NAMES.  Capitalize  when  the  word  following  the  number  is 
capitalized,  as  First  Regiment,  Second  Congressional  District,  Twelfth  Census; 
otherwise  lower-case  (except  name  of  a  street),  as  One  hundred  and  tenth  street, 
second  district,  fifth  ward,  tenth  precinct,  but  Document  Numbered  One  hun- 
dred and  twenty. 

OBSERVATORY.  Capitalize  United  States  Naval  Observatory,  the  Astrophysical 
Observatory;  standing  alone,  the  observatory. 

OCCIDENT.     See  World,  Sections  of,  page  25. 

OFFICE.  When  this  term  is  part  of  the  name  of  a  bureau,  capitalize;  otherwise 
lower-case,  as  when  "office"  is  used  as  a  synonym  for  bureau.  (See  Capitalized 
titles,  p.  28.) 

POLE.     See  WTorld,  Sections  of,  page  25. 

POLITICAL  PARTIES,  ETC.     Capitalize  the  Republican  party,  the  People's  party, 
i       the  Prohibition  party;   a  Democrat,   a  Prohibitionist;    Boxers  (in  China);  a 
Boxer. 

-PRESIDENT.  Capitalize;  also  any  synonymous  term  when  meaning  the  President 
of  the  United  States,  as  Chief  Magistrate,  Commander  in  Chief,  Executive,  His 
Excellency,  etc.  Lower-case  presidential. 

PROVINCE.  Capitalize  province  (of  the  Philippines,  etc.)  when  immediately  fol- 
lowing name,  as  Manila  Province;  also  when  synonym  of  State. 

PROVING  GROUND.     Lower-case,  as  Sandy  Hook  proving  ground. 

QUOTATIONS! 

Capitalize  the  first  word  of  direct  and  indirect  quotations:  (1)  Terrence  said,  "In 

fine,  nothing  is  said  now  that  has  not  been  said  before;"   (2)  The  question  is, 

Shall  the  bill  pass? 
Quote  and  capitalize  the  principal  words  of  a  title  when  introduced  thus:  A  book 

entitled  "The  House  of  Seven  Gables." 
Place  all  points  (and  3  stars  when  used  at  end  of  quoted  matter)  inside  the  quota- 

tation  marks:  John  B.     *    *    *." 
Lines  which  rhyme  should  have  the  same  indention. 
Range  lines  on  left  in  poetry,  allowing  quotation  marks  to  clear. 

RANGE.  Capitalize  when  part  of  the  name  of  a  mountain  chain,  singular  form 
only,  as  the  Coast  Range;  lower-case  in  descriptions  of  land,  as  range  14  west,  etc. 

REPUBLIC.  Capitalize;  only  when  definite,  singular  or  plural,  as  the  Republics  of 
Argentina  and  Brazil;  but  two  of  the  South  American  republics. 

RESERVATION,  RESERVE.  Capitalize  when  immediately  following  the  name  of 
a  forest,  military,  or  Indian  reservation  or  reserve,  singular  form  only,  but 
lower-case  Fort  Leavenworth  hay  reservation,  etc. 

REVOLUTIONARY.  Capitalize  when  referring  to  the  Revolution  of  1776,  as  a 
Revolutionary  soldier,  the  Revolutionary  war. 


HE.     Referring  to  a  government  service  capitalize  only  when  name  is  given; 
er-case  when  standing  alone.     (See  Capitalized  titles,  etc.,  p.  28.) 


24  CAPITALIZATION. 

ROMAN  NUMERALS,  ETC. 

Capitalize  the  terms  used  with  Roman  numerals  as  titles,  as  Chapter  XV,  Section 

II,  Plate  VI,  etc. 
When  not  a  title,  or  other  than  Roman  numerals  are  used,  lower-case,  as  abstract 

B,  section  A  (of  a  land  plat,  etc.),  station  B  (in  surveying,  etc.),  class  1,  volume 

1,  chapter  1,  etc. 

SCHOOL.  Capitalize  any  service  school  of  the  United  States  Army  or  Navy;  also 
when  part  of  a  proper  term,  singular  form  only. 

SCIENTIFIC  NAMES.  Capitalize  the  names  of  genera,  families,  orders,  etc.,  as  the 
seventeen-year  locust  or  periodical  cicada  [the  insect],  Cicada  septendecim  [the 
first  the  name  of  the  genus,  the  second  the  name  of  the  species],  belongs  to 
the  family  Cicadidse.  Always  lower-case  the  name  of  the  species,  unless  other- 
wise  instructed  or  marked  in  copy. 

SECRETARY.  Capitalize  when  referring  to  the  head  of  an  executive  department, 
as  the  Secretary  of  War,  etc.,  the  Secretary. 

SERVIC 

lower-case 

SOCIETIES,  UNIONS,  ETC.  Capitalize  when  immediately  associated  with  name, 
as  Boston  Medical  Society,  Society  of  the  Tennessee. 

SOLDIERS'  HOME.  Capitalize  when  name  is  given,  as  Soldiers'  Home  (in  the  Dis- 
trict of  Columbia  only),  the  National  Home  for  Disabled  Volunteer  Soldiers, 
Central  Branch,  Eastern  Home,  Iowa  Soldiers'  Home,  Soldiers'  Home  of  Ohio, 
etc. ;  lower-case  home  and  branch  standing  alone. 

STATE. 

Capitalize  when  referring  to  any  one  of  the  States  of  the  United  States,  and  also 
to  a  subdivision  of  any  foreign  country  having  the  title  of  "  State,"  either  sin- 
gular or  plural  form,  when  occurring  as  a  noun,  but  lower-case  when  used  as  an 
adjective,  as  state  election,  state  control.  (See  Foreign  governments,  etc.,  p.  20. ) 

Also  capitalize  the  terms  added  to  groups  of  States,  as  North  Atlantic,  South  Atlan- 
tic, Middle  Atlantic,  Gulf,  Middle,  Central,  Western,  Northwestern,  and  South- 
western; but  lower-case  a  term  prefixed  to  any  of  the  foregoing,  as  eastern  Gulf 
States,  eastern  North  Atlantic  States,  etc. 

Lower-case  in  such  expressions  as  affairs  of  state,  church  and  state,  secretary  of 
state  of  Indiana;  also  the  words  statehood,  statehouse. 

Lower-case  sections  of  States,  as  east  Illinois,  western  Kansas,  east  Tennessee,  etc. 

STATION.  Capitalize  when  immediately  following  the  name  of  a  military  or  naval 
station  of  the  United  States;  also  Station  A  or  South  Side  Station,  Substation 
No.  24,  Broad  Street  Station,  Union  Depot,  Union  Station,  etc. 

STREETS,  ETC. 

Lower-case  all  such  terms  as  alley,  avenue,  circle,  court,  lane,  place,  road,  street, 
and  square,  except  when  part  of  a  name,  as  Park  Street  Church,  etc. 

When  referring  to  Washington,  D.  C.,  use  the  forms  (except  in  tabular  matter): 
First  street  NW.,  Four-and-a-half  street  SW.,  R  street  north,  M  street  south,  etc. 

SUPERINTENDENT.     Capitalize  when  title  is  given  of  the  head  of  a  government 

bureau  or  service. 
SURVEY.     Capitalize  when  referring  to  an  organized  survey  of  the  Government,  as 

Geological  Survey,  or  when  part  of  a  proper  name.     Lower-case  standing  alone. 

TABLE.     Capitalize  Table  A,  Table  1. 

TERRITORY.  Capitalize  when  referring  to  any  organized  Territory  of  the  United 
States,  singular  or  plural.  Lower-case  territorial.  (See  also  Foreign  govern- 
ments, p.  20. ) 

THE.  Capitalize  when  a  part  of  a  name,  as  The  Hague,  The  Dalles  (Oreg.),  The 
Weirs  (N.  H.),  etc.,  and  certain  geographic  formations,  as  The  Buttes  (in  Sutter 
County,  Cal.),  etc.;  but  the  Netherlands. 

TIME.     Lower-case  eastern,  central,  mountain,  seventy-fifth  meridian,  standard,  etc. 

TITLES  OF  BOOKS,  HISTORICAL  DOCUMENTS,  ETC. 

Capitalize  the  principal  words  in  a  title,  as  The  Chasm  of  the  Colorado,  painted 
by  Thomas  Moran;  Twelfth  Night,  a  play  written  by  William  Shakespeare. 


CAPITALIZATION.  25 

Capitalize  the  first  word  and  proper  nouns  only  of  titles  of  articles  in  books,  mag- 
azines, and  newspapers  when  referred  to  in  text,  and  quote:  "A  story  of  life  in 
Chicago  during  the  Mexican  war." 

Capitalize  historical  documents,  as  Constitution  (United  States),  Articles  of  Con- 
federation (United  States),  Bill  of  Rights,  Magna  Charta. 

Capitalize  short  titles,  as  Bancroft's  History,  Brown's  Grammar. 

Capitalize  government  documents,  reports,  etc.,  as  Document  No.  2,  Report  No.  8, 
but  lower-case  document  and  report  standing  alone;  Articles  of  War,  the  sixty- 
second  article  of  war;  Book  of  Estimates,  the  estimates;  Revised  Statutes,  Stat- 
utes at  Large,  referring  to  the  laws  of  the  United  States  and  also  those  of  any 
State;  the  New  York  Code;  Supplement  to  the  Revised  Statutes;  -Journal  (House 
or  Senate);  calendar  when  with  the  name  of  one  of  the  House  or  Senate  calendars, 
as  Union  Calendar,  etc. ;  Coast  Pilot;  Nautical  Almanac. 

Capitalize  Bible;  the  Scriptures;  but  Gospel  only  when  referring  to  one  of  the 
four  memoirs  of  Jesus  Christ  contained  in  the  New  Testament. 

TITLES  OF  COURTESY. 

The  prepositions  "d',"  "da,"  "de,"  "della,"  *'di,"  "IV  "van,"  "von,"  etc., 
in  names  from  foreign  languages,  when  preceded  by  a  forename,  a  title  of  nobil- 
ity, a  professional  title,  or  one  of  courtesy,  should  be  lower-cased;  as  Charles 
de  Ble,  Cardinal  da  Ponte,  Marquis  de  Lafavette,  Mr.  de  Thou,  M.  d'Orbigny, 
Seilor  da  Ysnaga,  General  della  Santa  Maria,  Doctor  d'Ouvillier,  Captain  di 
Cesnola,  Admiral  van  Tromp,  Count  von  Moltke,  etc. 

Names  from  foreign  languages,  preceded  by  a  preposition  without  a  forename,  a 
title  of  nobility,  a  professional  title,  or  one  of  courtesy,  such  as  "van"  in  Dutch, 
"von"  in  German,  "de"  or  "d"'  in  French,  or  "da,"  "della,"  or  "di"  in 
Italian,  should  be  capitalized;  as  Van  Tromp,  Von  Humboldt,  De  Thou,  D'Orsay, 
Da  Ponte,  Della  Crusca,  Di  Cesnola. 

Capitalize  titles  used  as  synonyms  of  proper  names:  You  will  go,  Major,  to  New 
York;  I  am  anxious  about  our  friend,  the  Captain;  I  am,  General,  yours,  etc. 

TOWNSHIP.  Capitalize  immediately  following  name,  singular  form  only;  lower- 
case preceding  a  number,  as  township  14  north,  etc. 

TRADE-MARKS.  Capitalize  any  word  used  to  distinguish  a  particular  article,  as 
Eagle  pencil,  Stick  well  paste,  etc.  When  the  name  is  a  common  word,  lower- 
case and  quote,  as  "force,"  etc.;  when  a  coined  word,  lower-case,  as  sapolio, 
savogran,  etc. 

TREASURY.  Referring  to  the  United  States  Treasury,  capitalize  the  Independent 
Treasury,  the  National  Treasury,  the  Public  Treasury,  the  Treasury;  but  lower- 
case subtreasury,  as  the  New  York  subtreasury. 

UNION.  Capitalize  when  a  synonym  of  United  States,  adjective  or  noun;  also  when 
part  of  a  name  of  a  society,  etc. 

UNITED  STATES,  SECTIONS  OF. 

Capitalize  the  terms  East,  West,  North,  South,  Middle  West,  Central  West,  North- 
west, Southwest,  etc. 

Lower-case  when  used  adjectively,  as  southern  planters,  southwestern  stock- 
growers,  eastern"  manufacturers,  western  farmers,  etc. 

Capitalize  the  following:  Bad  Lands  (in  South  Dakota  and  Nebraska),  Cherokee 
Strip,  Cherokee  Outlet,  Continental  Divide,  Great  American  Desert,  Great  Lakes, 
the  Lakes;(  referring  to  the  Great  Lakes),  the  Plains,  Public  Land  Strip,  Staked 
Plain,  Eastern  Shore  (of  Maryland). 

UPPER.  Lower-case  when  not  part  of  the  name  of  a  country,  river,  etc.  (See 
Lower,  p.  22.) 

WAR.  Capitalize  the  names  of  wars,  as  the  Seven  Years'  war,  the  Hundred  Years' 
war,  etc. ;  referring  to  the  vyars  of  the  United  States,  war  of  the  Revolution,  the 
Revolutionary  war,  the  civil  war,  the  war  of  1812. 

WARD.  Lower-case  when  referring  to  a  municipal  subdivision,  as  the  fourth  ward, 
the  third  and  fourth  wards,  ward  1,  wards  1  and  2. 

WORLD,  SECTIONS  OF.  Capitalize  the  terms  "Circle"  (except  great  circle), 
"Hemisphere,"  and  "Pole"  when  preceded  by  name;  also  the  Antarctica  (but 
antarctic  fauna,  etc.),  the  Arctics  (arctic  cold,  etc.),  the  Occident,  the  Orient. 

ZONE.  Canal  Zone,  Free  Zone,  Frigid  Zone,  Temperate  Zone,  etc.,  but  lower-case 
the  word  zone  when  standing  alone. 


26 


CAPITALIZATION. 


CAPITALIZED  TITLES,  ETC. 

The  following  list  will  serve  as  a  guide  to  capitalization,  but  should  not  be  accepted 
as  complete.     Copy  editors  should  indicate  deviations: 


Absentee  Shawnee. 

Act— Bowman,  etc.,  but  Tucker  and  Bowman 

acts. 

Acting  Secretary  of  State,  etc. 
Actuary  of  the  Treasury, 
administration  (national  or  otherwise). 
Admiral  (of  the  Navy). 
Admiralty  (British). 
Agency,  Chippewa,  etc. 
Agriculture,  Department  of: 

Agrostologist. 

Biologist. 

Botanist. 

Chemist. 

Editor. 

Entomologist. 

Forester. 

Librarian. 

Pathologist  and  Physiologist. 

Pomologist. 

Secretary  (Assistant,  Acting). 

Soil  Physicist, 
amendments  to  the  Constitution,  as  fourteenth 

amendment. 

American  Federation  of  Labor. 
American  National  Red  Cross, 
antarctic  ice. 

Aqueduct,  Washington,  etc. 
Aqueduct  Bridge. 
Archipelago,  Philippine,  etc. 
arctic  seas. 
Architect  (of  the  Treasury;  of  theCapitol;  but  the 

architect). 

Armory,  Springfield,  etc. 
Army: 

army  (adjective  or  standing  alone). 

A  and  B  companies,  Companies  A  and  B. 

Chief  of  Artillery  (the  chief). 

Chief  of  Engineers  (the  chief). 

Chief  of  Ordnance  (the  chief). 

Chief  of  Staff  (the  chief). 

Chief  Signal  Officer  (the  chief). 

Commissary-General. 

Department  of  the  East  (the  department). 

First  Brigade  (the  brigade)  (hospital). 

General  Commanding  the. 

General  of  the. 

General  Staff  Corps. 

Headquarters  of  the  (headquarters  First  Reg- 
iment). 

Inspector-General. 

Judge-Advocate-General. 

Lieutenant-General. 

Major-General  Commanding  the. 

Quartermaster-General. 

Regulations  (army  regulation  56). 

service. 

Second  and  Third  regiments. 

Surgeon-General. 

The  Adjutant-General  (formerly  The  Military 

Secretary). 
Army  Gun  Factory. 
Army  Medical  Museum. 
Army  War  College. 
Arsenal,  Rock  Island,  etc. 
Articles  of  War. 
article  of  war,  sixty-second. 
Artillery  School,  United  States. 
Asiatic  Station, 
assembly,  New  York. 
Associated  Press. 

Atlantic  slope,  coast,  and  seaboard. 
Attorney-General. 
Audito/for  the  War  Department  (the  auditor). 

band,  Eastern,  etc.,  of  Cherokees. 
Bank,  First  National,  etc. 
belleek  ware. 
Bethlehem  Iron  Works. 
Bible  or  Scriptures, 
bill,  Tillman. 

Bishop  of  India,  Duk*  of  Argyle,  Count  of  Flan- 
ders, Prince  of  Wales,  etc. 


Black  Friday. 

Black  Hand  (organization). 

blue  Monday. 

B'nai  B'rith. 

Board: 

board  (standing  alone). 

General  (of  Engineers). 

Naval  Examining. 

Naval  Retiring. 

of  Charities  (District  of  Columbia). 

of  Engineers. 

of  General  Appraisers. 

of  Managers  of  the  Soldiers'  Home. 

of  Ordnance  and  Fortification. 

of  Visitors  (Annapolis  and  West  Point). 

of  Trade  of  Philadelphia,  etc. 

of  Underwriters  (New  York). 

Taft,  etc. 

the  Light-House. 

United  States  Geographic. 
Book  of  Estimates. 
Borough: 

Brooklyn. 

of  the  Bronx. 

Manhattan. 

Richmond. 

Queens. 

Boxer  movement. 
Bridge  (Cabin  John  Bridge,  M  Street  Bridge,  but 

Pennsylvania  Railroad  bridge) . 
Brigadier-General  Commandant  (Marine  Corps) 
Brussels  carpet. 

Building,  Winder,  etc.;  Treasury  building, 
buildings,  Winder  and  Logan. 
Business  Men's  League. 

Cabinet,  the. 

Calendar,  Private,  etc. 

calendar,  the. 

Calendar  of  Bills  and  Resolutions. 

Canadian  or  Russian  thistle. 

Canal  Zone: 

Bohio  dam. 

Culebra  cut. 

Isthmian. 

New  Panama  Canal  Company. 

old  Panama  Canal  Company. 

zone. 

Capitol,    the,    and   its   parts  (Chamber,    Dome, 
Hall,  Rotunda,  Statuary  Hall,  Terrace);  Capitol 
grounds,  Capitol  police. 
Carnegie  Steel  Works,  etc. 
Cavalry  or  Infantry  School  (United  States). 
Cemetery   (Arlington    National   Cemetery,    but 

national  cemetery  at  Arlington) . 
Census  Bulletin  No.  420. 
Census,  Tenth,  Eleventh,  etc. 
central  Asia. 

century,  as  twentieth  century. 
Chaplain  (Senate  or  House). 
Charles  II  of  England;  Charles  the  Second. 
Cherokee  Strip  or  Outlet. 
Chief  Clerk  (Senate  or  House). 
Chief  Intelligence  Officer  (Navy). 
Chief  Justice  (United  States  Supreme  Court). 
Chief  Magistrate. 
Chief  of  the  Bureau  of,  etc. 
Chief  of  the  Record  and  Pension  Division, 
china  ware. 

Chinese  Six  Companies. 
Christendom. 
Christian. 
Christianity. 
Christianize. 

Church  (when  name  is  given,  referring  to  build- 
ing, congregation,  or  sect), 
cis- Atlantic,  etc. 
City  of  Mexico. 

Clerk  (House  of  Representatives). 
Coast  Range  of  mountains. 
Code,  the  Mississippi,  etc. 
College,  Columbia,  etc. 
Columbia  Institution  for  the  Deaf  and  Dumb. 


CAPITALIZATION. 


27 


Commission : 

commission  (standing  alone). 

Alaskan  Boundary  Delimitation. 

California  Debris. 

Chickamauga    and    Chattanooga    National 
Military  Park. 

Civil  Service. 

District. 

Electoral. 

Gettysburg  National  Military  Park. 

International  Lake  Levels. 

International,  of  Archaeology  and  Ethnology. 

International  Prison. 

Interstate  Commerce. 

Isthmian  Canal. 

Merchant  Marine. 

Mississippi  River. 

Reciprocity. 

Shiloh  National  Military  Park. 

Spanish  Treaty  Claims. 

to  Revise  the  Laws  of  the  United  States. 

to  the  Five  Civilized  Tribes. 

to  the  Philippine  Islands. 

United  States  and  Mexican  Water  Boundary. 

Vicksburg  National  Military  Park. 
Commissioner  of  Corporations. 
Commissioner-General  of  Immigration. 
Commissioner  of  Patents,  etc. 
Commissioners  of  the  District  of  Columbia. 
Comptroller: 

of  the  Currency. 

of  the  Treasury. 
Confederate  States. 
Congressman. 

Columbia  Typographical  Union. 
Congress,  First  and  Second,  etc. 
congressional. 
Congressional  Directory. 
Congressional  Library. 
Constitution  (United  States). 
Continent,  the  (Europe), 
continental. 
Continental  Army. 
Continental  Congress. 
Continental  Divide. 
Corps: 

Artillery. 

of  Engineers. 

of  Judge- Advocates. 

Marine. 

Medical. 

Pay. 

Signal. 

council,  Choctaw. 
County,  Christian,  etc. 
Court  (see  also  Court  style,  pp.  43, 44) . 

circuit  court  of  the  United  States  for  the 
southern  district  of  New  York. 

court  of  appeals. 

of  Claims. 

of  Commissioners  of  Alabama  Claims. 

of  Private  Land  Claims. 

southern  district. 

Supreme  Bench. 

Supreme  Court. 

siipreme  court  of  the  District  of  Columbia. 
Court  of  St.  James. 
Creek  Nation. 

Dalles,  The. 

Damascus  steel. 

Dam  No.  4. 

Day,  Thanksgiving,    Independence,    Memorial, 

etc. 

Delegate  (in  Congress). 
Delta,  Mississippi,  etc. 
Department  of  Justice. 

Director  of  the  Geological  Survey,  Census,  etc. 
district: 

first  assembly. 

third  light-house. 
District.  First  Congressional. 
District  of  Columbia: 

Anacostia  flats. 

Avenue  (the)  referring  to  Pennsylvania  ave- 
nue. 

Botanic  Garden. 

Jail. 

Library  (of  Congress). 

Mall. 


District  of  Columbia — Continued. 

Monument  (Washington). 

Monument  grounds. 

Monument  lot. 

Museum  (National). 

Metropolitan  police. 

Potomac  fiats. 

Public  Library. 

White  Lot. 
Dominion  of  Canada. 
Doorkeeper  (House). 
Du  Pont  Powder  Works. 

east  African. 

East  Coast  (Africa). 

east  Tennessee. 

East  Tennessee  Bridge  Burners. 

East,  the  (United  States). 

East  Washington  Citizens'  Association. 

Eastern  Continent. 

Eastern  Hemisphere. 

Eastern  Shore  (of  Maryland) . 

Edward  Earl  of  Dorset. 

Edward  VII,  or  Edward  the  Seventh. 

Electoral  Commission. 

Engine  No.  6. 

Engineer  Corps. 

Engineer  Department. 

Engineer  in  Chief  (Navy). 

Evangelical  Alliance. 

executive  departments. 

Executive  Document  No.  95. 

executive  order. 

Executive  Order  No.  34. 

Far  East. 

Fleet,  Pacific,  etc.  (naval). 
Forty-niner,  an  old. 
Freedman's  Savings  Bank, 
friar  lands. 

General  Assembly  (Presbyterian  Church). 

Gentile. 

German  silver. 

Gold  Coast  (Africa). 

gospel  (but  Gospel,  referring  to  first  four  books  of 

the  New  Testament). 
Gothic  architecture, 
gothic  (style  of  type). 
Government: 

British,  etc. 

Federal. 

General. 

Imperial. 

National. 

Royal, 
government,  seat  of. 
Government  Hospital  for  the  Insane, 
governor. 

Governor-General  (of  Canada). 
Grand  Army  of  the  Republic.- 
Grand  Army  post  (but  Post  No.  63,  etc.). 
Great  Lakes  (the  Lakes). 
Gulf,  the  (of  Mexico). 
Gulf  coast. 

haikwan  tael. 

Hague,  The. 

Harbor,  Boston,  etc. 

harve^ized  plates. 

headquarters,  Washington's,  etc. 

Heaven  (Deity),  heaven  (place). 

Her  Majesty,  His  Majesty. 

High  School,  Central,  etc. 

Highway  Bridge  (Washington,  D.  C.). 

Hill  No.  1. 

Hills  Nos.  1  and  2. 

His  Excellency  the  Duke  of  Athol. 

his  excellency  the  governor. 

Hospital.  Providence,  etc. 

House,  Ebbitt,  etc.  (meaning  a  hotel). 

House  Calendar. 

House  Office  Building. 

Hydrographer. 

Independent  Catholic  Church  (Philippines) . 

International  Bureau  of  the  American  Republics. 

imperial  edict. 

india  ink. 

india  rubber. 

Indian  corn. 

Irish  potatoes. 


28  - 


CAPITALIZATION. 


island  of  Cuba. 
Isthmus  (Panama). 

Jersey  cattle. 

jersey  cloth  or  jacket. 

Jim  Crow  (noun  or  adjective). 

Judge- Advocate-General  (army  or  navy). 

Journal  clerk. 

Journal  of  the  House  (or  Senate). 

Krag-Jorgensen. 

Kuklux  Klan  (organization). 

Kwong  Sui,  sixth  year,  ninth  moon. 

Lake  Michigan. 

Lakes  Erie  and  Huron. 

legislature  (Ohio;  New  York  assembly,  etc.). 

Letters  Patent  No.  5. 

Levant,  the. 

levant ine  silk. 

London  purple. 

lyonnaise  (adjective). 

Librarian  of  Congress. 

Library  of  Congress. 

Light-House  Board,  Service,  and  Establishment. 

light,- light-house,  light-vessel,  Highland  light. 

Lima  beans. 

Line,  Cunard,  etc.  (steamship). 

lower  House  of  Congress. 

manila  (product). 
Merino  sheep, 
merino  wool  or  cloth. 
Mikado. 

Military  Academy  (United    States)    (the  acad- 
emy). 
Militia: 

First  Regiment  Ohio. 

Indiana. 

Naval,  of  the  United  States. 

Naval,  Pennsylvania. 

New  York  Naval  Reserve. 
Mississippi  Delta,  etc. 
Mississippi  River  Valley, 
morocco  leather. 

National  Bank  Redemption  Agency. 

National  Board  of  Health. 

National  Home  for  Disabled  Volunteer  Soldiers. 

National  Legislature. 

National  Medical  Museum. 

National  Park,  Yellowstone,  etc. 

National  Treasury. 

Naval  Academy  (the  academy). 

Naval  Asylum. 

Naval  Gun  Factory. 

Naval  Militia  (the  entire  body). 

Naval  Observatory. 

naval  station,  Key  West,  Fla.;  Newport  (R.  I.) 

Naval  Training  Station,  etc. 
Naval  Reserves  (New  York,  etc.). 
Naval  War  College. 
Netherlands,  the. 
New  World. 

New  York  City,  city  of  New  York. 
Night  Riders  (organization). 
North  Atlantic  Squadron. 
North  Pole. 
North,  the. 

Office: 

office  (standing  alone). 
Building  (House  or  Senate). 
General  Land. 
Government  Printing. 


Hydrographic. 
Nautical  Al 


ilmanac. 

of  Experiment  Stations. 

of  Indian  Affairs. 

of  Naval  Intelligence. 

of  Naval  War  Records. 

of  Public  Roads. 

Patent. 

Pension. 

Record  and  Pension. 
Official  Reporter  (Senate  or  House). 
Old  World. 

One  hundred  and  twenty-fifth  street. 
Order  of  Business  No.  56. 
Ordnance  Department. 


Orient,  the. 
oriental  customs. 

Pacific  coast,  slope,  and  seaboard. 

Panamanian. 

Paris  green. 

Parish,  Caddo,  etc. 

parliamentary. 

Parliament  (houses  of). 

Pass,  Passes,  Head  of  Passes  (Mississippi  River). 

pasteurized  milk. 

Pay  Department. 

Paymaster-General  (army  or  navy). 

Penitentiary,  Albany,  etc. 

Philippine  Constabulary. 

plaster  of  Paris. 

President -of  the  Senate 

President  proiemj>ore  (Senate). 

Portland  cement. 

Porto  Rico  Provisional  Regiment,  but  Porto  Rico 

regiment. 
Postal  Union. 
Postmaster-General . 
Postmaster  (Senate  or  House), 
post-office  appropriation  bill. 
Printing  Office  (Government  Printing  Office). 
Prussian  blue. 
Public  Land  Strip. 
Public  Printer. 

Reform  School  of  District  of  Columbia. 

Reformatory,  Elmira,  etc. 

Regent  (Smithsonian  Institution). 

Register  (Treasury). 

Representative  (in  Congress). 

Resident  Commissioner  (Porto  Rico). 

Reporter  (Senate  or  House). 

reporters  of  the  Senate  or  House. 

Republican. 

Republican  national  convention. 

Reservation,  Great  Sioux,  etc. 

Revised  Statutes. 

roman  (style  of  type). 

route  No.  12466,  mail  route  No.  1742,  railway  mail 

route  No.  1144. 
russia  leather, 
royal  command. 
Rule  XXI. 
rule  21. 
Rules  and  Articles  of  War. 

School  (Girls'  Reform  School,  etc.,  also  any  service 

school  of  the  United  States  Army  or  Navy), 
schools,  Peabody  and  Brent. 
Scriptures,  Holy  Writ,  New  and  Old  Testaments 

(the  Bible),  biblical. 

Secretary  of  State,  etc.  (United  States)  (the  Sec- 
retary). 
Secretary: 

secretary  (standing  alone). 

of  the  Senate. 

of  the  Smithsonian  Institution. 

to  the  President. 
Senate  Chamber. 

Senator  (in  Congress) .    Adjective:  senatorial. 
Sergeant-at-Arms  (Senate  or  House). 
Service: 

service  (standing  alone). 

Forest. 

Immigration. 

Internal-Revenue. 

Life-Saving. 

Public  Health  and  Marine-Hospital. 

Railway  Mail. 

Reclamation: 

Revenue-Cutter. 

Revenue-Marine. 

Rural  Delivery. 

Secret  (Treasury). 

Steamboat-Inspection . 
Six  Nations. 

Smithsonian  Institution. 
Solicitor  for  the  Department  of  State. 
Solicitor-General   (Departments  of  Justice   and 

Commerce  and  Labor). 
Solicitor  of  Internal  Revenue. 
Solicitor  of  the  Treasury. 
South,  the. 

Speaker,  and  Speaker  pro  tempore  (House). 
Squadron,  North  Atlantic,  etc.  (naval). 
Statistical  Abstract. 


CAPITALIZATION COMPOUND    WORDS.  29 


Statutes  at  Large. 
Straits  of  Magellan,  etc. 
Subsistence  Department. 
Superintendent: 

General,  Life-Saving  Service. 


Trenton  pottery. 

Tropic  of  Cancer,  Capricorn. 

Tropics,  the. 

tropical  plants. 

trust,  Steel,  Whisky,  etc. 

_ o  ButUUngB  and  Grounds.  I   Union  Station,  Union  Passenger  Station,  etc. 

of  the  Coast  and  Geodetic  Survey.  United  Press. 

of  the  Naval  Observatory.  j  upper  House  of  Congress. 

of  the  United  States  Capitol  Building  and 

Grounds  Venetian  blinds. 

Supervising  Architect,  the  architect  (Treasury).  |  Vice-President  (of  the  United  States). 
Supervising    Inspector-General     (Steamboat-In- 
spection Service) .  War  College  building. 
Supplement  to  Revised  Statutes.                                   wedgwood  ware. 
Surgeon-General  (army,  navy,  and  Public  Health      West  Coast  (Africa). 

and  Marine-Hospital  Service).  White  Caps  (organization). 

Survey:  White  House: 


survey  (standing  alone). 
Biological. 
Board  of  Inspection  and. 
Coast  and  Geodetic. 
Geological. 
Lake, 
surveyor-general. 

T  cloth. 

thistle,  Canadian  or  Russian. 
Treasurer  of  the  United  States, 
treasurer,,  assistant,  of  the  United  States,  assist- 
ant treasurer  at  New  York,  etc. 
Treasury  Regulations  (book). 


Blue  Room. 

East  Room. 

Red  Room. 

State  Dining  Room. 

the  Blue  and  East  rooms._ 

X  rays. 

Zone: 

Canal. 

Free. 

Frigid. 

Temperate. 
Zoological  Park,  the  Zoo. 


COMPOUND  WORDS. 

(See  also  Age,  Bonds  and  stocks,  and  Percentage,  p.  31.) 

Follow  Webster's  International  Dictionary  generally  in  the  use  or  omission  of  the 
hyphen  or  space  between  words.  (See  also  Vocabulary  of  double  words,  p.  76.) 
Compound  adjectives  generally  take  the  hyphen:  A  12-inch  main,  a  75-horsepower 
engine,  asked-for  opinion,  iron-ship  builder,  light-green  color,  national-bank  notes, 
sea-island  cotton,  state-bank  notes,  twenty  10-horsepower  automobiles.  Care  must 
always  be  taken  not  to  confuse  the  qualifying  word  with  the  subject  word;  for 
instance,  a  shoemaker  can  be  a  German  shoemaker,  and,  if  he  makes  wooden  shoes, 
a  wooden-shoe  maker.  Also  observe  the  following  forms:  Young  school-teacher, 
common-school  teacher,  high-school  teacher,  public-school  teacher,  etc. 

A  present  or  past  participle  With  a  noun  or  adjective  may  take  the  hyphen  in  such 
expressions  as  the  following:  Always  wind-obeying  deep;  well-dealing  countrymen; 
dark-working  sorceress;  soul-killing  witches;  fool-begged  patience;  sap-consuming 
winter. 

Adverbs  ending  in  "ly"  are  not  usually  compounded  with  adjectives  which  they 
qualify ;  as,  " a  nicely  kept  lawn. ' '  But  words  like  ' ' above,  "  " ill,  "  "  well,  "  "so,  " 
etc.,  are  compounded  in  such  expressions  as  "the  well-known  writer,"  "the  so- 
called  tariff  reform,  "  "  this  ill-advised  expenditure.  "  "the  last-named  article, "  etc. 

Fractions,  when  spelled,  will  be  compounded:  One  twenty-first,  one-fifth,  eighty- 
one  one-hundredths,  one  one-hundredth,  the  one-hundredth  part,  one  one-hundred- 
and-twentieth,  two  one-hundred-and-twenty-sixths.  (See  also  Fractions,  p.  31. ) 

When  usecFadjectively,  the  expressions  "first-class,"  "second-class,"  etc.,  are  to 
be  hyphenated;  otherwise  they  should  be  printed  as  two  words:  A  first-class  passage, 
a  man  of  the  first  class,  a  work  of  the  second  class,  etc. 

Omit  the  hyphen  in  such  Latin  forms  as  "an  ex  officio  member,"  "ante  bellum 
days,"  "prinia  facie  evidence,"  "per  diem  employees,"  "quasi  judicial  opinion,"  etc. 

Mr.  So-and-so. 

The  following  rule  governing  work  of  the  United  States  Geological  Survey  will  be 
used  generally  for  similar  terms  in  other  work:  The  use  of  hyphens  in  petrographic 
terms  is  based  on  the  single  principle  that  like  names  are  connected  by  a  hyphen  and 
unlike  names  are  not.  The  names  used  in  such  terms  are  of  four  classes— (a)  rock 
names,  (b)  mineral  names,  (c)  textural  names,  and  (d}  names  expressing  the  kind 
of  clastic  aggregation.  Any  two  or  more  names  of  either  class  are  connected  by  a 
hyphen;  others  are  not.  The  principal  names  of  classes  c  and  d  are  as  follows:  (c) 
Felsophyre,  gneiss,  porphyry,  schist,  vitrophyre;  (d)  agglomerate,  breccia,  conglom- 
erate, sand,  tuff.  To  illustrate,  a  term  that,  according  to  this  principle,  is  not  hyphen- 
ated should  remain  without  the  hyphen  when  it  becomes  a  compound  adjective 
modifying  some  other  word;  for  example,  bostonite  porphyry,  bostonite  porphyry 
dike;  actinolite-magnetite  schist,  mineral-mineral  rock;  regirite  granite  porphyry, 


30  COMPOUNDS DATE    LINES FIGURES. 

mineral  rock  texture;  andesite-basalt,  rock-rock;  andesite  breccia,  rock  clastic;  ande- 
site  porphyry,  rock  texture;  augite  porphyry,  mineral  texture;  granite  gneiss,  rock 
texture;  granite-monzonite,  rock-rock;  granite-syenite  porphyry,  rock-rock  texture; 
quartz  monzonite-pegmatite,  mineral  rock-rock;  quartz  monzonite  porphyry,  mineral 
rock  texture;  quartz  norite,  mineral  rock;  quartz  norite  gneiss,  mineral  rock  texture; 
quartz  porphyry,  mineral  texture;  quartz  porphyry  tuff,  mineral  texture  clastic. 

DATE  LINES. 

Capitalize  the  principal  words. 

A  date  at  beginning  of  letter  or  paper  is  to  be  placed  at  right  of  page,  indented 
1,  3,  or  5  ems,  according  to  the  number  of  lines. 

Copy  editors  should  indicate  caps,  small  caps,  and  italic. 

When  at  end  of  letter  or  paper,  to  be  placed  at  left  of  page,  using  roman  caps  and 
lower-case  if  above  signature,  caps,  small  caps,  and  italic  if  below  signature. 

[Above.]  [Below.] 

D  Steubenville,  Ohio,  July  30,  1906.  D  STEUBENVILLE,  OHIO,  July  28,  1906. 

DJuly  28,  1906.  D  JULY  30,  1906. 

THE  WHITE  HOUSE,  D  D  D 
Washington,  D.  C.,  January  1,  1906.  D 

THE  WTHITE  HOUSE,  July  30,  1906.  D 

TREASURY  DEPARTMENT,  D  D  D  D  D 

OFFICE  OF  AUDITOR  FOR  THE  STATE  AND  OTHER  DEPARTMENTS,  ODD 

Washington,  D.  C.,  May  4,  1903.  Q 

TREASURY  DEPARTMENT,  July  30,  1905.  n 

DEPARTMENT  OF  COMMERCE  AND  LABOR,  D  D  D 

July  30,  1906.  D 

OFFICE  OF  JOHN  SMITH  &  Co. ,  D  D  D 
26  Bill  Street,  New  York,  N.  Y.,  June  6,  1907.  D 

WASHINGTON,  May  20,  1907 — 10  a.  m.  D 
THURSDAY,  MAY  5,  1905—2  p.  M.  n 

WASHINGTON,  December  20,  1907.  D  D  D 
(Received  January  6,  1898.)  n 

FIGURES. 

Definite  rules  that  will  govern  in  all  cases  as  to  what  should  go  in  figures  and  what 
should  be  spelled  out  can  not  be  given.  General  rules  which  will  serve  as  a  guide 
follow. 

Spell  out  figures  beginning  a  sentence  or  where  immediately  following  a  colon, 
except  in  tables,  ordinal  numbers  at  the  beginning  of  paragraphs  or  sentences  in 
certain  cases,  and  complex  numbers  beginning  questions  or  answers  in  testimony. 

Ordinal  numbers:  1.  The  earth  is  round.  (2)  "The  sun  do  move."  But  when 
copy  reads  "1st,"  etc.,  spell:  First.  The  moon  is  not  green  cheese. 

In  testimony: 

Q.  In  what  year  was  that? — A.  1906. 

Q.  1906?— A.  Yes,  sir. 

Q.  What  was  the  amount  involved? — A.  $101.50  (complex  number). 

Q.  How  much  was  the  sum? — A.  Five  (or  fifteen,  or  sixty-seven)  dollars. 

Amounts  or  numbers  larger  than  1,000,  if  spelled,  are  expressed  thus:  One 
thousand  eight  hundred  and  fifty  dollars  (not  eighteen  hundred  and  fifty  dollars), 
one  thousand  two  hundred  tons  (not  twelve  hundred  tons). 

Serial  numbers,  in  which  case  the  comma  is  omitted,  should  be  given  the  form 
expressed  in  the  parentheses  above. 

Spell  out  numbers  mentioned  casually,  or  by  way  of  illustration,  or  in  connection 
with  serious  and  dignified  subjects: 

In  nine  hundred  and  ninety-nine  cases  out  of  every  thousand. 

The  twelve  Apostles. 

The  seven  wise  men  of  Greece. 

But,  proportion  of  1  to  4;  1 :  62,500  (note  equal  space  each  side  of  colon). 


FIGURES.  31 

AGE.  My  age  is  52  years  and  6  months;  a  boy  6  years  old;  a  boy  about  6  years  old; 
3-year-old  colt;  3-months-old  child;  wine  8  years  old;  wine  4  or  5  years  old. 

BONDS  AND  STOCKS.  Gold  is  109;  Metropolitan  Railroad,  109;  5-20  bonds;  10-40 
bonds;  7.30  bonds;  3.65  bonds;  4J  per  cent  bonds;  3  per  cent  bonds;  3£  percents. 
When  the  word  "bonds"  does  not  follow  the  designating  expression,  spell  out, 
as  five-twenties,  ten-forties,  three-sixty-fives,  four-and-a-halfs,  threes,  etc. 

DATES. 

June  29,  A.  D.  1882;  December  6,  1846;  the  1st  of  January,  1883;  June  12;  the 
5th  instant;  the  20th  day  of  March;  the  1st  (day)  of  the  month;  the  last  of  April 
or  the  first  of  May;  July  4,  1776,  was  the  great 'day  which  gave  to  the  world  the 
celebrated  Declaration  of  Independence,  and  now  our  Fourth  of  July  is  something 
to  be  remembered  by  all  patriotic  Americans;  4th  of  July  claims. 
Spell  such  expressions  as  "the  early  seventies,"  "it  occurred  in  the  eighties." 
When  a  fiscal  year  or  a  year  beginning  in  one  year  and  extending  into  the  follow- 
ing year  is  intended:  1875-76,  1801-2,  except  19,00-1901;  when  a  period  of  more 
than  two  years  is  intended:  1875-1879,  1895-1904;  when  two  or  more  years  are 
intended:  *1894,  1895;  1873,  1876;  1888,  1891,  1894.  This  applies  to  dates  only; 
in  page  folios,  etc.,  repeat  the  number  in  full. 

DECIMALS.  Use  figures  for  decimals  and. supply  cipher  when  there  is  no  unit,  as 
0.25;  20  ounces  of  silver,  0.900  fine;  it  costs  $0.3365  per  pound;  scrap,  at  0.75 
cent  per  pound;  referring  to  caliber  of  small  arms,  .30  caliber,  .45-caliber  Spring- 
field rifle,  distinguishing,  however,  when  used  to  describe  the  length  of  a  gun, 
as  a  6-inch  rapid-fire  rifle,  50  calibers. 

DEGREES,  ETC. 

Longitude  77°  04'  06"  east,  latitude  49°  26'  14"  north;  a  polariscopic  test  of  85° 
(or  degrees);  45.5°  below  zero;  an  angle  of  57°;  3/  5"  (3  feet  5  inches);  257.5  or 
25. 5'  as  written. 

When  spelled,  one  hundred  and  fifty-second  degree;  tenth  meridian  of  latitude. 

DIMENSIONS.  In  text  use  the  form  8  by  12  inches;  but  8  x  12  inches  or  8  x  12"  to 
be  used  in  leader  work,  tables,  or  "fol."  when  so  indicated  in  copy. 

DISTANCES.  To  be  expressed  in  figures,  as  50  miles,  17  yards,  8  leagues,  9  centi- 
meters, 5  feet  6  inches;  about  10  miles. 

ENUMERATIONS. 

Use  figures  for  all  definite  enumerations  of  weights  and  measures,  and  such  as  the 
following:  There  were  20  males  and  25  females,  45  in  all;  6  horses,  5  cows,  26 
head  of  sheep;  25  bulletins,  containing  352  pages;  the  population  of  Chicago  is 
1,800,000,  of  whom  250,000  are  voters;  a  hamlet  of  18  persons.  But  when  com- 
plicated spell,  as  twenty-five  6-inch  guns,  two  f-inch  boards,  five  5-cent  pieces. 

Spell  out  when  referred  to  indefinitely,  as  between  two  and  three  hundred  horses, 
forty-odd  people  (but  one  hundred  and  odd  men — not  one  hundred  odd  men); 
the  population  is  forty  or  fifty  thousand. 

FRACTIONS.  Spell  common  fractions  where  isolated,  as  one  one-hundredth,  two 
one-hundred-and-twenty-sixths,  one-fourth.  If  latter  is  written  one-quarter,  do 
not  change. 

MEASURES.     Use  figures  in  all  cases,  as  40  bushels,  1  gallon,  6  acres. 

MONEY. 

If  denomination  is  given,   use  figures.     At  $3  per  200  pounds;  75  cents  apiece; 

2.5  francs  per  yard;  $0.7525  per  ounce;  £2  4s.  6d.;  Indian  rupees  should  be 

Rs.  3,225,644,  not  Rs.  32,25,644. 
Spell  out  such  expressions  as  a  million  of  dollars;  a  million  and  a  half;  one  or  two 

millions;  millions  for  defense,  but  not  one  cent  for  tribute. 
(See  also  Compound  words,  p.  29,  and  Foreign  coins,  p.  53.) 

PERCENTAGE.  12  per  cent,  25.5  per  cent;  but  one-half  of  1  per  cent.  Never  use 
hyphen  in  such  expressions  as  12  per  cent  interest,  etc. 

SCRIPTURAL  TEXTS.     Genesis  xv,  24;  II  Samuel  viii,  9-13;  St.  Matthew  vii,  5. 
SPECIFIC  GRAVITY.     Use  the  period,  as  1.100,  0.980. 


32  FIGURES FOL. ,    ETC. ITALIC LEADER    WORK. 

SUPERIORS  AND  INFERIORS  Use  superiors  with  reference  letters,  as  A1,  A2, 
or  a1,  a'2,  etc.  Use  inferiors  in  chemical  formulas,  as  A12O3,  and  always  close  up. 

TIME.  4.30  p.  m.  (use  period  to  separate  hours  and  minutes);  4  o'clock  and  30 
minutes  p.  m.;  half  past  4.  In  scientific  work,  4h  30"';  4h.5  or  4.5h,  as  indicated. 
Length  of  time  always  should  be  spelled  out. 

VOTES,  BALLOTS,  ETC.  75  votes;  50  ballots;  300  voters;  167  Democrats;  14  or  15 
majority. 

WEIGHTS.     12  pounds;  4  hundredweight;  2  ounces. 

FOL.— FOL.  LIT.-  FOL.  TYPE  AND  STYLE. 

[See  also  Supreme  Court  records,  p.  43.] 

Copy  marked  "fol."  means  to  follow  signs,  symbols,  figures,  italics,  abbreviations, 
compounds  (hyphen  or  space),  idiomatic  words  and  expressions,  and  &c.  or  etc.,  but 
not  necessarily  capitalization  nor  punctuation.  Anything  else  to  be  followed  should 
be  indicated  on  the  copy  or  written  instructions  furnished.  All  orthography  in 
"fol."  matter  is  good  that  has  the  sanction  of  any  dictionary. 

Copy  marked  "fol.  lit."  means  to  follow  abbreviations,  accents,  capitalization, 
figures,  italics,  paragraphs,  punctuation,  signs,  symbols,  spelling,  syntax,  and  com- 
pounding of  words. 

"Fol.  type  and  style"  means  "fol.  lit."  except  typographical  and  manifest  errors. 

ITALIC. 

Names  of  vessels  should  be  set  in  italic,  except  in  tables  and  footnotes  to  same 
(but  cruiser  No.  14,  dredge  No.  65,  etc.),  indexes,  lists  set  in  columns  (unless  other- 
wise indicated) ,  and  Supreme  Court  work. 

The  words  "see,"  "see  also,"  etc.,  to  be  in  italic  in  indexes  only  (unless  other- 
wise indicated) . 

Italic  will  not  be  followed  in  general  work,  either  for  foreign  words  or  to  denote 
emphasis,  unless  specially  prepared. 

Scientific  names  of  genera  and  species  are  to  be  in  italic;  names  of  classes,  orders, 
families,  etc.,  in  roman. 

LEADER  WORK. 

To  have  the  same  style  as  tables  in  the  following  particulars:  "Continued"  (the 
use  of);  flush  and  sub  heads;  indentions;  numerical  expressions  in  reading  columns; 
ranging  words  in  figure  columns  and  figures  in  reading  columns;  units  of  quantity  at 
right  in  reading  columns. 

Width  of  figure  column  to  be  an  en  space  more  than  the  longest  line  of  figures; 
but  no  column  less  than  2  ems. 

When  the  last  column  is  reading  matter,  run  leaders  close  up. 

Names  of  vessels  and  scientific  names  of  genera  and  species  to  be  in  italics. 

Avoid  white>space  between  last  word  and  leaders,  if  possible. 

DASHES.  Use  parallel  dashes  in  figure  columns  when  necessary  to  cut  off  from 
figures  following.  In  leaded  leader  work  omit  lead  above  and  below  dashes. 

DATE  COLUMNS.  The  same  style  as  in  tables,  except  that  a  thin  period  and  en 
space  are  used  to  separate  from  item  on  the  right. 

DOLLAR  MARK.  Use  only  at  beginning  of  each  statement  and  first  line  of 
double-up  matter  or  at  the  head  of  a  continued  statement. 

FLUSH  HEADS  AND  SUBHEADS  are  not  to  run  into  figure  columns. 


LEADER    WORK MISCELLANEOUS.  33 

UNITS  OF  QUANTITY. 

When  a  column  is  composed  of  a  quantity  of  one  kind  and  it  is  desired  to  use  a 
head,    it  will  be  in  6-point    roman   centered  over    the  figure  column.      The 
examples  below  show  the  style  to  be  observed  when  there  is  a  short  side  head 
to  the  left  (note  the  lead  under  6-point  head  in  solid  matter): 
Pennsylvania  Railroad:  Tons. 

Freight  carried 221,  000 

Baltimore  and  Ohio  Kailroad: 

Freight  carried —  Tons. 

In  the  month  of  May .  150  000 

When  there  is  no  side  head: 

Freight  carried  by  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad  and  the  Baltimore  and    Tons. 
Ohio  Railroad  in  the  month  of  May 371,  500 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

ACCENTS. 

Omit  the  diaeresis  in  such  words  as  aerate,  cooperation,  preemption,  reexamine, 

zoology,  etc.,  and  accent  in  "ampere"  and  derivatives. 
Use  accents  in  foreign  names  and  words  unless  otherwise  directed. 
The  following  is  a  partial  list  of  words  in  common  use  in  which  accented  letters 

occur: 

attach^.  en  echelon,  lese  majeste.  rale. 

charge  d'affaires.  en  regie.  materiel.  r6gime 

contrere.  entree.  matinee.  resume. 

coup  d'etat.  entrep6t.  melee.  r61e. 

coup  de  grace,  expose.  nee.  r61e  d'equipage. 

creche,  lacade.  papier-mache.  senor 

debris.  faience.  proces  verbal,  soiree. 

en  arnere.  habitue.  prot£g£.  vis6,  visaed. 

CENTER  LINES. 
Copy  editors  will  take  full  responsibility  for  uniformity  in  center  lines,  and  no 

changes  are  to  be  made  without  their  consent. 

Avoid,  when  possible,  the  division  of  words  in  center  lines  making  two  lines  only. 
Use  an  en  space  between  words  in  small-cap  and  two  3-em  spaces  in  cap  lines,  and 

an  em  space  when  an  extended  face  or  spaced  caps  are  used,  reducing  space  after 

comma. 
Cap,  small-cap,  and  cap-and-small-cap  center  lines  are  to  be  separated  from  text 

by  a  slug  one  size  less  than  type  used  for  the  center  line. 
In  italic  center  lines  and  side  heads  capitalize  the  first  word  only,  unless  proper 

nouns. 

CITATIONS  AND  CREDITS. 

In  text,  to  be  sentences  and  in  parentheses  when  occurring  at  end  of  a  sentence, 
except  when  page  only  is  given,  in  which  case  use  lower-case  letter  and  place 
period  outside  parentheses.  Credits,  when  centered,  to  be  in  brackets. 

Note  the  following  forms:  (18  [not  18th]  Statutes  at  Large,  p.  25;  IV  [not  IVthl 

William  and  Mary,  p.  40;  126  [not  126th]  United  States  Reports.) 
DIVISIONS. 

Frequent  division  of  words  is  undesirable,  but  do  not  avoid  it  entirely  at  the 
expense  of  uniform  spacing. 

Do  not  divide  compound  words  except  at  the  compounding  hyphen  in  any  but 
extreme  cases. 

Divisions  at  the  ends  of  three  adjoining  lines  should  not  be  passed  by  readers 
except  in  extreme  cases  or  in  narrow  measure. 

Divisions  on  syllables  of  two  letters  should  be  made  but  rarely. 

Never  divide  the  last  word  of  a  paragraph  if  it  can  be  avoided;  overrun  if  neces- 
sary.    The  last  line  of  a  paragraph  should  contain  at  least  a  four-letter  word. 
ELLIPSIS  SIGNS. 

In  document  measure,  "line  of  stars"  means  7  asterisks  indented  2  ems  at  each 
end  ot  the  line,  dividing  the  remaining  space  evenly  between  the  asterisks;  but 
m  case  two  or  more  sizes  of  type  are  used  on  a  page  indent  10-point  2  ems 
8-point  2£  ems,  and  6-point  3£  ems. 

In  other  than  document  measure  the  copy  editors  should  indicate  the  number  of 
asterisks  and  the  indentions,  to  be  uniform  in  all  cases.     If  3  asterisks  are  used, 
separate  by  an  em  space;  if  periods  are  used,  separate  by  en  spaces. 
51121—08 3 


34  MISCELLANEOUS. 

EXTRACTS.  When  lower-case  flush,  use  an  em  dash  on  end  of  preceding  line  of 
text. 

FOOTNOTES. 

Italic  superior  letters  will  be  used  for  references  unless  otherwise  indicated. 
Use  two  leads  above  and  below  the  rule  and  two  leads  to  separate  from  tabular 
matter. 

FORMS,  SHAPES,  ETC.     See  Shapes,  forms,  etc.,  below. 

INDENTIONS.  In  matter  wider  than  octavo  the  indentions  will  be  2  ems;  this 
applies  to  hanging  indentions,  signatures,  date  lines,  etc.  Extracts  in  smaller 
type  to  have  the  same  indention  as  the  text. 

INDEXES.  In  indexes  when  leaders  are  used  and  4>he  page  folios  overrun,  retain 
only  the  first  folio  number  in  the  leader  line;  but  when  necessary  to  save  an 
overrun  figures  may  be  run  back  to  within  an  em  leader  of  the  text.  When 
the  overrun  folios  make  two  or  more  lines,  indent  evenly  not  less  than  7  ems 
on  the  left  in  full  measure  and  3£  ems  in  half  measure  (but  when  there  are  clear- 
ances indent  folios  2  ems  more  than  the  matter  above  or  below),  the  folios  m 
excess  of  even-length  lines  to  be  worked  into  the  leader  line.  When  the  figures 
extend  back  into  the  leader  line,  use  an  en  quad  between  the  leaders  and  the 
first  figure. 

INDIAN  NAMES.  Follow  copy  as  to  the  use  of  spaces  and  hyphens  in  Indian 
proper  names;  also  as  to  the  spelling  of  tribal  names. 

LEADS  AND  SLUGS. 
When  extracts,  etc.,  are  set  in  smaller  type,  separate  by  using  two  leads  in  solid 

matter  and  three  leads  in  leaded  matter.     When,  however,  solid  extracts  occur 

in  leaded  matter,  use  two  leads  only.     Before  signatures  and  under  date  lines  m 

leaded  matter  use  one  lead  only. 
When  captions,  date  lines,  or  signatures  occur  in  letters,  exhibits,  etc.,  use  lull 

slug  before  and  after  same,  unless  matter  preceding  or  following  clears. 
When  slugs  are  specially  prepared,  use  a  slug  of  same  body  as  type. 

POSSESSIVES  AND  APOSTROPHE. 

Common  or  proper  nouns  in  the  singular,  and  all  nouns  m  the  plural  ending  with 
any  other  letter  than  s,  add  apostrophe  and  s;  as,  man's,  men's,  child's,  children  s, 
Dennis's,  Felix's,  Burns' s,  Essex's,  witness's,  countess's. 

Exceptions  to  the  foregoing:  Sergeant-at- Arms'  room,  for  righteousness'  sake,  for 
conscience'  sake,  for  goodness'  sake,  for  Jesus'  sake. 

Plural  nouns  ending  in  s  add  only  the  apostrophe;  as,  the  boys'  swimming  hole, 
the  horses'  trough,  the  Charleses'  reigns,  the  Joneses'  ball,  the  countesses'  recep- 
tion, the  witnesses'  testimony. 

Do  not  use  the  possessive  form  in  such  expressions  as  day  labor,  quartermaster 
stores,  State  prison,  States  rights  (referring  to  the  principle). 

Use  the  singular  form  for  such  expressions  as  printer's  ink,  125  miner's  inches,  a 

pair  of  7's. 

REFERENCES.  When  letters  are  used  for  references  in  explaining  diagrams,  fig- 
ures, etc.,  use  italic  for  lower-case  references  and  roman  for  caps,  not  quoted: 
The  bolt  a;  a  pinion,  B;  angle  ab;  line  CD;  points  a,  6,  c. 

SHAPES,  FORMS,  ETC.  In  illustrating  shapes  or  forms,  as  V-shaped,  T  rails,  etc., 
use  caps  of  case  135  in  10  point,  case  134  in  8  point,  and  case  133  in  6  point;  but 
for  the  expression  I  beam  use  cap  of  case  14  in  10  point,  case  13  in  8  point,  and 
case  12  in  6  point.  Use  a  roman  cap  letter  for  X  ray.  Plural  form  of  T  or  Y 
shape,  tees  or  wyes,  as  10  tees,  4  wyes. 

SIDE  AND  CUT-IN  NOTES. 
To  be  treated  the  same  as  text  paragraphs  unless  otherwise  instructed;  that  is,  first 

line  indented  1  em  and  the  others  flush. 
Allow  12  ems  of  6-point  for  cut-in  notes  unless  otherwise  instructed;  bear  off  at  least 

an  em  from  the  body  of  the  note  above  and  below  and  an  em  space  on  the  inside. 
Commence  cut-in  on  second  line  of  paragraph,  if  paragraph  is  of  sufficient  depth 

to  admit  of  same. 

The  spacing  of  matter  should  be  governed  by  the  leading.  Solid  matter  should  be 
spaced  with  3-em  spaces,  and  words  run  up  rather  than  divided.  Leaded  matter 
also  should  be  spaced  with  3-em  spaces,  but  words  divided  rather  than  syllables 


MISCELLANEOUS ORTHOGRAPHY.  35 

carried  up.     In  double-leaded  matter  en  quads  should  be  used  and  divisions 

driven  over. 
Avoid,  if  possible,  the  very  thin  or  very  wide  spacing  of  the  first  line  of  a 

paragraph. 

Avoid  the  use  of  a  dash  at  the  beginning  of  a  line. 
Always  keep  together,  at  the  beginning  or  end  of  a  line,  such  abbreviations  as 

U.  S.  N.,  D.  0.,  N.  Y.,  M.  D.,  etc.     The  contractions  esq.,  sr.,  and  jr.  should 

be  always  in  the  same  line  with  the  name  they  follow. 
In  tables  of  contents,  etc.,   when  the  word  "chapter,"  "figure,"  or  "plate"  is 

used  in  the  first  line  before  numerals  in  column  ("chapter,"  etc.,  being  cleared 

•in  following  lines),  put  an  en  space  between  the  word  and  numeral  in  the  first 

line  and  range  the  periods  after  the  numerals. 
Enacting  and  resolving  clauses:  In  document  measure  space  the  first  line  so  as  to 

conform  to  the  following  examples: 

Be  it  enacted  by  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives  of  the  United 
Resolved  by  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives  of  the  United 
Be  it  enacted  by  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives  of  the  United  States  of  America 
Resolved  by  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives  of  the  United  States  of  America 
In  law  measure,  space  as  follows: 

Be  it  enacted  by  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives 
of  the  United  States  of  America  in  Congress  assembled,  That 

Resolved  by  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives  of 
the  United  States  of  America  in  Congress  assembled,  That 

ORTHOGRAPHY. 

[See  also  Fol.— Fol.  lit.— Fol.  type  and  style,  p.  32.] 

Follow  Webster's  International  Dictionary  in  spelling  and  divisions.     Observe, 
however,  the  following  forms: 

afterwards.  dato.  plat  (not  plot), 

aftward.  downward.  pulpstone 

agriculturist.  draft,  drafting,  etc.  rake-off  (noun), 

aluminum.  embed.  shellac. 

among  or  amongst.  employee.  shellacked 

asbestos.  Filipino.  sloyd. 

backward.  flareback.  speakeasy  (noun), 

beriberi .  forward.  standpatters, 

blond.  farther  (distance) .  Subic  Bay 

bowlder.  further  (not  distance).  thrash, 

canyon.  fuse.  toward 

carabao.  Igorot.  upward, 

clew.  Kaffir  (Kafir,   Agricultural  De-    wharves. 

partment.)  while  or  whilst. 

NATIONALITIES,  ETC. 

Argentinian.  Dominican.  Nicaragua!!. 

Brazilian.  Ecuadoran.  Panamanian. 

Chilean.  Guatemalan.  Paraguayan. 

Colombian.  Haitian.  Porto  Rican. 

Costa  Rican.  Honduranean.  Tennessean. 

Cuban.  Montenegrin.  Venezuelan. 

The  plural  formations  vary,  as  German,  Germans;  Englishman,  Englishmen. 

The  following  authorities,  in  the  order  given,  will  govern  the  spelling  of  geographic 
names: 

Decisions  of  the  United  States  Geographic  Board. 

United  States  Postal  Guide. 

International  Postal  Guide  (Dictionnaire  des  Bureaux  de  Poste). 

Lippincott's  Gazetteer  of  the  World. 

Band,  McNally  &  Co.'s  Atlas. 


36  PUNCTUATION. 

PUNCTUATION. 

[See  also  Testimony,  p.  42.] 

Proof  readers  should  not  change  the  punctuation  in  proof  sheets  when  the  sense 
of  the  text  is  not  affected,  unless  necessary  for  uniformity. 

When  a  city  or  town  and  State  are  used  adjectively,  put  State  m  parentheses,  as 
Baltimore  (Md.)  Sun,  Boston  (Mass.)  city  council,  etc. 

George  G.  Greene,  being  sworn  and  examined,  on  oath  deposes  and  says: 

Isaac  Fuller,  sworn,  and  testified  as  follows: 

P.  L.  Kodier,  sworn  and  examined. 

Colonel  Seventh  Cavalry. 

Captain,  Seventh  Cavalry. 

Respectfully,  yours, 

Yours,  respectfully, 

Calendar  No.,  25. 

Congressional,  No.  25. 

Congressional  case  No.  25. 

Record,  case  No.  384. 

Term  No.,  625. 

first  session  Fifty-third  Congress. 

Col.  (now  Brig.  Gen.)  Peter  C.  Hains. 

Painters'  Union  No.  1. 

New  York  Painters'  Union,  No.  1. 

Latitude  40°  19'  12"  N.,  longitude  30°  08'  14"  W. 

In  latitude  40°  19'  12"  N.,  longitude  30°  08'  14"  W. 

As  we  said  before,  the  committee  then  adjourned. 

If  nothing  more  was  done,  then  why  continue  the  hearing? 

In  order  to  accomplish  the  work,  lose  no  time  now. 

Should  it  be  desired  to  accomplish  the  work,  go  at  it  with  a  will. 

Since  the  work  was  accomplished  without  delay,  there  is  no  need  for  quibbling. 

Since  last  month  there  has  been  a  continuance  each  week. 

To  stop,  the  brakes  were  applied  to  the  front  wheels. 

To  release  the  brakes,  the  attendant  was  summoned. 

After  all,  what  need  we  care  for  such  failures? 

In  sentences  divided  by  commas,  use  commas  before  conjunctions;  it  divided  by 
semicolons,  use  semicolons  before  conjunctions. 

Commas  around  phrases  separating  conjunctions  from  verbs  usually  should  be 
omitted.  "  He  listened  to  the  statement,  and,  without  further  consideration,  agreed 
to  the  proposition,"  should  read,  "He  listened  to  the  statement,  and  without  further 
consideration  agreed  to  the  proposition." 

Quote  anything  preceded  by  such  words  as    "termed,"    "entitled, 

3.S   '  '   GtC 

Rules  for  the  use  of  the  dash  (—  )  are  ill  defined.     This  mark  of  punctuation  is 
sparingly  used  by  accomplished  writers  and  printers,  and  should  be  avoided  if  possible. 
Answer  me  this  question:  How  can  the  work  be  accomplished? 
Have  you  any  interest  in  this  case?    If  so,  what? 
Have  you  any  interest  in  this  case?    If  so,  state  what. 
Have  you  any  interest  in  this  case;  and  if  so,  what? 
Have  you  any  interest  in  this  case?    And  if  so,  state  what. 
Observe  punctuation  in  the  following  forms: 


GENERAL  ORDERS,  \  SPECIAL  ORDERS,  \  EXECUTIVE  ORDER  \ 

No.  31.  j  No.  42.          /  No.  66. 

GE 
$2  gold.     $2.50  U.  S.  currency.     $3.50  Mexican. 


GENERAL  ORDER  \  SPECIAL  ORDER  1 

No.  1.  }  No.  1. 


SIGNATURES.  37 

SIGNATURES. 

Signatures  to  be  at  right  of  page  (except  witnesses  to  a  signature,  which  should  be 
at  left,  as  shown  in  example)  in  caps  and  small  caps,  indented  1,  3,  or  5  ems,  accord- 
ing to  the  number  of  lines,  the  title,  etc.,  following  to  be  as  in  addresses.  Make  two 
lines  when  signature,  title,  etc.,  together  make  more  than  half  a  line. 

Mr.,  Mrs.,  or  any  title  preceding  a  signature  set  in  caps  to  be  caps  and  small  caps. 
In  a  list  of  independent  signatures  align  on  the  left,  bearing  off  longest  name  1  em; 
use  period  after  each  name. 

On  behalf  of  the  Philadelphia  Chamber  of  Commerce. 

GEO.  W.  PHILIPS. 
SAML.  CAMPBELL. 
H.  H.  STROHMEYER  &  Co.  D 

[When  signature  does  not  make  more  than  half  a  line,  and  the  line  of  text  above  is  blank.] 
D  D  DVery  respectfully,  3      JOHN  F.  MACKEY,  Teacher.  D 

In  letters  in  quotation  marks  when  signature  is  in  same  line  with  "Very  respect- 
fully," etc.,  quote  name,  as 

ODD"  Very  respectfully,  "  Z.  T.  JENKINSSON."  D 

[When  line  of  text  above  is  blank,  and  address  follows  signature,  if  name  and  title  are  short 
they  can  be  made  one  line,  but  not  run  in  with  any  other  line;  the  address  to  be  one  line 
from  "Respectfully,"  etc.] 

D  D  D  Respectfully,  JAMES  STALEY,  ODD 

Superintendent.  D 
DThe  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR. 

[Never  run  in  with  paragraph  nor  in  signature  line:] 

D  Respectfully  submitted. 

L.  A.  WRIGHT,  D  D  D 
United  States  Indian  Agent.  D 
[When  line  of  text  reaches  to  or  past  signature:] 

D  D  D  Very  respectfully, 

A.  F.  CALDWELL,  D  D  D 
United  States  Indian  Agent.  D 

[When  a  person  signs  for  a  corporation,  etc.  Same  style  to  be  used  when  one  person  signs  for 
another.  Do  not  use  lead  to -separate  in  this  case.] 

UNITED  STATES  IMPROVEMENT  COMPANY,  D 
By  JOHN  SMITH,  Secretary. 

WILLIAM  L.  PENFIELD,  nan 
Solicitor.  O 
By  FREDERICK  VAN  DYNE, 

Assistant  Solicitor.  Q 

JOHN  SMITH  DDD 
(For  the  Governor  of  Pennsylvania),  n 

NORTH  AMERICAN  ICE  COMPANY,  n 
G.  Y.  ATLEE,  Secretary. 

JOHN  W.  SMITH  n  D  D 
(and  25  others).  D 

JOHN  (his  x  mark)  SMITH.  D 
["  Signed  "  will  be  separated  3  ems  from  signature.    Note  the  two  cases  following:] 

(Signed)  D  D  D  JOHN  S.  HENDERSON,  D  D  D 
(Signed)  JNO.  A.  CALDWELL, 

Committee  on  the  part  of  the  House  of  Representatives.  D 
[Observe  lead.]  (Signed )  D  D  D  WM.  F.  VILAS, 

(Signed)  JAMES  MCMILLAN, 

Committee  on  the  part  of  the  Senate.  D 

D  D  Dl  am,  very  respectfully,  yours,  etc., 

(Signed)  D  D  D  JOHN  RANDOLPH,  n  D  D 
Assistant  Clerk  Court  of  Claims.  D 


38  SIGNATURES  -  TABULAR    WORK. 

Ten  or  more  signatures,  and  not  exceeding  20,  to  be  in  half  measure,  longest  line 
1  em  from  right;  but  when  the  number  exceeds  20  to  be  in  full  measure,  lower-case, 
indented  .5  and  7  ems,  as  follows: 

nnnnnBrown,  Shipley  &  Co.;  Deniiistoun,  Cross  &  Co.;  Fruhling  &  Gosclien;  C.  J.  Hambro  &  Sons; 
jDDDHardy,  Nathan  &  Co.;  Heilbut,  Symons  &  Co.;  Henckel  du  Boisson  &  Co.:  Hoare,  Miller 
DQDUDDD&  Co. 

[When  signature  touches  matter  above,  use  a  lead  to  separate.] 

D  D  Dl  have  the  honor  to  be,  very  respectfully,  your  obedient  servant, 

S.  P.  LANGLEY,  Secretary.  D 
[In  10-point  run  "I  have  the  honor  to  be"  in  with  text,  as:] 

when  I  hear  from  you.     I  have  the  honor  to  be, 
D  D  D  \7erv  respectfully,  your  obedient  servant, 

.   H.   POINDEXTEE.  D 


[The  word  "seal,"  when  used  officially,  is  indented  1  em  from  left;  when  in  personal  signature, 

at  right.    Place  1  em  between  "seal  "  and  signature.] 

n  r<sTTAT  1  KICHARD  ROE,  D  D  D 

Notary  Public,  a 

J.  M.  WILBUR.  [SEAL.]D 

BARTLETT,  ROBINS  &  Co.  D  [SEAL.]  n 
[Note  style  as  to  witnesses:] 
Din  presence  of  — 
D  D  DA.  B.  BROWN. 

JOHN  DOE. 
Attest: 

[Papers  signed  by  an  official,  showing  approval:] 

DBy  the  governor: 

NATHANIEL  Cox,  Secretary  of  Hate.  D 

D  Approved. 

JOHN  SMITH,  Governor,  n 
[In  Statutes  at  Large,  at  end  of  proclamations,  etc.:] 

DBy  the  President: 
D  D  DELIHU  ROOT, 

Secretary  of  State. 

TABULAR  WORK. 

[See  also  Abbreviations,  p.  13.] 
ABBREVIATIONS. 

Units  of  quantity  (lower-case,  except  No.)  to  the  right  of  reading  columns  and  m 
italic  (capitalized)  over  figure  columns,  to  be  spelled  when  possible.  When 
the  space  available  requires  a  contraction,  use  the  following  forms:  dolls., 
dwt,  galls.,  Ibs.,  oz.  (for  ounce  or  ounces),  bbls.,  cwt.,  yds.,  ft.,  in.  (for  inch  or 
inches),  doz.,  bush.,  M,  sq.  feet,  M  feet,  cu.  (for  cubic),  kilo  (for  kilogram). 

When  over  figure  columns,  use  the  forms  a.  m.  for  antemeridian;  Ft.  in.  for  feet 
and  inches;  H.  m.  s.  for  hours,  minutes,  and  seconds;  p.  m.  for  postmeridian; 
and  £  s.  d.  for  pounds,  shillings,  and  pence;  Mm.  for  millimeter. 

In  columns  of  names  of  persons  follow  the  copy  as  to  abbreviations  of  given  names; 
but  well-known  abbreviations  of  names  must  be  used  to  save  overruns. 

Brother,  Brothers,  or  Company  when  part  of  a  firm  name,  and  Railroad  or  Rail- 
way where  preceded  by  name,  are  to  be  abbreviated  Bro.,  Bros.,  Co.,  R.  R.,  Rwy. 

Use  the  following  form  for  street:  Four-and-a-half  street  sw.  ;  R  street  nw.  ;  Eighth 
street  se.  But  when  width  of  column  will  not  permit  of  spelling,  the  follow- 
ing forms  may  be  used  in  numbered  streets  throughout  table  to  save  overruns: 
4}  street  nw.,  8th  street  se.,  etc. 

Months  should  not  be  abbreviated  in  stub  columns  of  tables  unless  necessary  to  save 
overruns;  and  in  box  heads  only  when  so  prepared. 

BOX  HEADS. 

To  be  solid;  centered,  except  when  column  is  10  ems  or  more  m  width  and  the 
matter  makes  three  lines  or  more,  in  which  case  make  a  hanging  indention. 
Run-up  heads  are  indented  an  en  space  at  the  beginning  of  the  line  and  bear 
off  an  en  space  when  reaching  the  rule  at  the  top,  and  if  they  make  two  lines, 
center  the  second;  if  three  lines,  make  a  hanging  indention. 


TABULAE    WOKK.  39 

To  run  across  wherever  practicable;  if  necessary  to  run  up,  reduce  to  minimum 
depth.  If  one  head  is  required  to  run  up,  run  all  heads  up  over  figure  columns 
in  the  same  table.  Avoid  running  up  over  reading  and  date  columns. 

To  be  borne  off  an  em  space  above  and  below  rule  except  when  heads  run  up. 

When  A  single  box  exceeds  the  depth  of  a  double  or  triple  box,  place  the  extra 
space  in  the  lowermost  box. 

When  a  head  is  composed  of  double  boxes  or  a  greater  number,  the  greatest  num- 
ber of  lines  in  the  top  box  will  control  the  depth  of  all  the  top  boxes;  so  also  in 
each  of  the  other  boxes.  Occasionally  the  top  box  of  a  triple  box  head  may 
be  of  such  depth  as  to  make  a  better  appearance  by  allowing  its  bottom  rule  to 
align  with  the  bottom  rule  of  the  second  box. 

In  boxes  containing  two  lines  the  first  line  to  be  the  longer  when  possible,  but  do 
not  sacrifice  good  appearance  by  dividing  short  words  or  making  2-letter  divisions 
in  wide  columns. 

Spell  months  in  box  heads  unless  otherwise  prepared. 

In  parallel  tables  where  a  box  head  is  divided,  repeat  for  each  page. 

Referring  to  quantity  or  things,  spell  the  word*  "number"  in  box  heads  when 
possible. 

Letters  are  not  to  be  filed  where  crowding  is  necessary. 

BRACES.     Braces  preferably  to  be  placed  on  right  of  rule. 

CENTER,  FLUSH,  AND  SUB  HEADS. 

Use  a  full  blank  line  above  all  center  heads  in  stub.  Where  a  parallel  dash,  run- 
over,  etc.,  in  another  column  furnishes  a  blank  space  above  the  head  do  not  add 
an  extra  blank;  this  applies  to  years  used  as  heads,  but  not  in  date  columns. 

When  the  center  head  will  clear  the  reading  matter  below,  and  there  are  leaders, 
use  a  line  of  en  quads  only;  if  no  leaders  below  and  the  center  head  will  clear 
at  least  an  en  space,  omit  blank,  but  if  it  clears  less  than  an  en  space,  use  an 
en-quad  line.  Otherwise  use  full  blank  below. 

Use  a  colon  after  a  flush  head  and  an  em  dash  after  each  subordinate  head. 
The  copy  editor  should  indicate  when  to  do  otherwise. 

(See  also  Date  columns,  below. ) 

CIPHERS. 

When  alone  in  figure  column,  use  leaders,  except  when  indicated  on  copy. 
In  columns  where  decimals  are  used,  copy  editors  should  indicate  when  ciphers 
are  to  be  supplied. 

CONTINUED.  Omit  period  or  colon  after  a  center,  flush,  or  sub  head  when  the 
word  " continued  "  is  used,  and  always  use  a  1-em  dash  between  it  and  the  head. 
If  the  head  is  all  small  caps,  use  a  lower-case  "c." 

CONTINUED  HEADS.  Continued  heads  over  tables  to  be  condensed  into  one  line 
if  possible. 

DASHES. 

Do  not  carry  dashes  in  reading  or  date  columns. 

Parallel  dashes  will  be  used  in  all  cases  when  necessary  to  cut  off  from  figures 
following. 

DATE  COLUMNS. 

Always  abbreviate  months  in  columns  cast  to  5,  7,  or  1\  ems  (this  latter  for  inside 
columns)  and  bear  off  from  the  rule  an  en  space,  placing  the  remaining  space 
between  the  month  and  the  day;  when  the  year  is  used,  put  an  en  comma  only 
between  it  and  the  day. 

Omit  the  period  at  end  when  a  5  or  7  em  column  is  the  last  one  of  the  table. 

When  the  year  is  centered  over  columns  consisting  entirely  of  dates  or  months, 
use  a  full  blank  above  and  no  space  below. 

When  a  column  is  composed  of  dates  only  and  is  cast  wider  than  1\  ems,  spell 
out  months  unless  otherwise  indicated,  or  when  necessary  to  save  overruns. 

When  not  followed  by  leaders  and  consisting  of  years  only  and  some  of  the  lines 
have  a  double  year,  center  each  in  the  column,  in  the  following  manner: 

1898 

1899-1900 
1901-2 

Date  columns  are  not  classed  as  reading  columns. 


40  TABULAR    WORK. 

DITTO. 

Never  use  "do."  in  the  first  line  under  a  center  head  or  under  a  line  of  leaders; 

but  it  can  be  used  under  a  blank  space,  except  as  limited. 
Use  "  do."  only  in  reading  and  date  columns. 
Capitalize  when  not  preceded  by  leaders.     In  the  last  column  of  a  table  capitalize, 

but  do  not  use  leaders  with  "Do." 
In  columns  6  ems  or  less  in  width  use  1£  ems  of  quads  (including  the  en  quad  used 

for  bearing  off)  or  1£  ems  of  leaders,  as  may  be  required,  before  the  "do." 
In  columns  more  than  6  ems,  use  2  ems  of  quads  (in  addition  to  en  quad  used  for 

bearing  off)  or  2£  ems  of  leaders. 
In  first  columns,   when  flush  headings  are  used  with  indentions   under  them, 

proportionate  allowance  must  be  made  for  those  indentions,  which  should  be  indi- 
cated by  the  copy  editor. 
When  a  date  column  of  5  ems  or  less  is  the  first  column  in  the  table,  clear  the 

month  instead  of  repeating  or  using  "  Do." 
When  "do."  is  used  in  reading  columns  under  units  of  quantity,  bear  off  a  2-em 

leader  on  right. 
When  units  of  quantity  are  spelled  use  "do.,"  but  repeat  when  abbreviated. 

DOLLAR  MARK.  To  be  placed  close  to  figure,  and  repeated  only  under  cross  rules. 
In  columns  containing  mixed  amounts,  as  money,  tons,  gallons,  etc.,  repeat 
dollar  mark  in  each  instance  before  sums  of  money  (or  pound  or  peso  mark,  etc., 
as  required). 

DOUBLE- UP  TABLES.  Repeat  a  center,  flush,  or  sub  head  at  the  top  of  the  second 
column,  adding  "continued  "  if  the  matter  under  it  breaks.  Use  an  en  space 
only  on  each  side  of  the  parallel  rule. 

EN-QUADDED  TABLES. 

Use  en  quads  (not  scabbard)  in  runovers.     Omit  en  quads  above  and  below  dashes, 

except  when  rules  are  used  instead  of  dashes. 
In  8-point  en-quadded  tables  use  8-point  en  space  under  units  of  quantity. 

[6-point  quads.] 
Example:  inch. 

[8-point  en  spacts.] 

FIGURE  COLUMNS. 
Bear  off  the  longest  line  of  figures  at  least  an  en  space  from  rule.     When  crowded 

and  only  a  few  figures  will  touch,  close  up  on  the  left:  if  necessary  to  close  up  on 

the  right  in  one  figure  column,  close  up  in  all  figure  columns. 
Double  columns  of  figures  in  a  single  column  connected  by  an  en  dash  or  the  word 

"to"  or  similar  connecting  word,  the  en  dashes  or  words  to  be  ranged. 
Plus  and  minus  marks,  when  occurring  at  left  of  figures,  to  be  aligned. 
Align  all  words  occurring  in  figure  columns  with  figures  on  right;  also  capitalize 

and  use  a  thin  period. 

FOOTNOTES  AND  REFERENCES. 

Footnotes  and  cross  headings  to  be  solid  when  table  is  solid,  and  leaded  when  table 

is  en-quadded. 
Footnotes  to  have  the  same  abbreviations  as  are  used  in  the  table  except  months, 

which  spell.     In  a  series  of  short  footnotes  range  the  reference  marks  on  the 

right  and  the  first  letters  of  the  notes. 
Italic  superior  letters  are  to  be  used  for  references  unless  otherwise  indicated  by  copy 

editor,  using  a  5-em  space  for  bear-off. 

Use  period  between  an  abbreviation  and  a  reference  mark:  St.  Louis,  Mo.« 

Footnote  references  to  be  placed  at  right  in  reading  columns;  at  left  in  "figure 

columns. 
When  two  or  more  footnotes  are  in  one  line  equalize  the  space,  but  at  least  2  ems 

space  must  be  placed  between  items. 
Footnotes  and  notes  referring  to  tables  to  go  in  6-point  unless  otherwise  prepared. 

FRACTIONS. 

Common  fractions  should  be  set  against  rule  unless  otherwise  indicated. 

Align  decimal  points,  except  in  columns  containing  mixed  numbers  having  irreg- 
ular decimals;  that  is,  when  one  number  would  have  a  decimal  of  one  figure, 
another  four  figures,  and  so  on,  one  representing  pounds,  another  dollars  and 
another  percentage,  etc. 

Omit  comma  in  built  fractions:         -- 


TABULAR    WORK. 


41 


ITALIC. 

*Units  of  quantity,  etc..  when  not  in  box  heads  and  placed  over  figure  columns,  to 
be  italic;  to  be  used  only  at  beginning  of  a  new  table  or  at  the  head  of  a  contin- 
ued page;  and  to  drop  down  on  figures  in  solid  tables.  (See  table  below.) 

Names  of  vessels  and  scientific  names  of  genera  and  species  to  be  roman  unless 
otherwise  prepared. 

LEADERS.  Unless  prepared  otherwise,  -continue  leaders  across  entire  width  of 
table,  except  when  the  last  column  is  a  reading  column  or  a  5  or  a  7  em  date 
column,  in  which  case  omit  the  leaders  from  that  column.  Also  omit  leaders 
in  a  5  or  a  7  em  date  column  when  it  is  the  first  column  of  table. 

LEADING  FROM  TOP  OR  BOTTOM  LINES. 
When  there  is  only  one  reading  column,  lead  from  the  bottom;  if  more  than  one, 

from  the  top,  omitting  leaders  in  the  runover  line. 
Date  columns  5,  7,  and  7$  ems  wide  are  not  to  be  regarded  as  reading  columns  in 

connection  with  leading  from  top  line. 
In  parallel  tables,  when  the  lines  are  numbered  on  the  outside  of  each  page,  lead 

from  the  top. 
In  parallel  tables  repeat  all  blanks  on  both  sides,  but  in  divide  tables  drop  blank 

lines  in  either  divide,  unless  otherwise  prepared. 

READING  COLUMNS. 

To  be  borne  off  an  en  space  from  rule.     Indention  from  rule  means  so  many  ems 

in  addition  to  the  en  space  used  for  bearing  off. 
When  the  last  word  in  a  leader  line  runs  close  to  the  rule,  use  an  en  leader  if 

space  permits;  if  not,  use  a  thin  space,  but  never  use  a  period  except  when  a 

reference  mark  follows  an  abbreviation.     (See  also  Leader  work,  p.  32.) 
Numerical  expressions  should  be  in  figures,  even  at  the  beginning  of  a  sentence: 

241  days  from  December  I ;  trains  3  times  a  day. 

Overruns,  unless  otherwise  prepared,  should  be  1-em  hanging  indention. 
Figures  beginning  a  stub,  and  which  are  totaled,  are  to  be  ranged  on  right. 

TABLES  IN  RULES. 

In  document  or  narrower  measure  bear  off  an  en  space  only  from  inside  rules.     Bear 

off  an  em  space  from  outside  perpendicular  rules. 
Copy  editors  should  give  instructions  concerning  box  heads,  dashes,  leaders,  etc., 

for  tables  inclosed  in  rules. 
When  there  is  no  leadered  stub  or  reading  column,  bear  off  all  figures  an  em 

space  where  an  em  space  can  be  used  on  each  side  of  the  figures;  otherwise  bear 

off  an  en  space. 

UNITS  OF  QUANTITY,  DASHES,  ETC.     (See  Italic,  above.) 

Table  showing  style  in  regard  to  the  use  of  units  of  quantity  in  stub  and  figure  columns, 
dashes,  reference  letters  for  footnotes,  words  in  figure  columns,  plus  and  minus  marks, 
use  of  braces,  miscellaneous  figures,  etc. 


Articles. 

& 

Year  ended  June  30— 

1901. 

1902. 

1903 

1904. 

1905. 

1906. 

FARM  PRODUCTS. 

Animal  matter. 

Hides   and    skins,  other 
than  furs  pounds.  . 
Wool: 
Washed  do.... 

Quantity. 

1,981,882 

}        47,  223 

Dollars, 
a  5,  729,  927 

(        18,  423 
1        11,  521 

Quantity. 
5,  881,  168 

$54.  13 
152,  429 

Dollars, 
a  942,  246 

}        49,233 

Quantity. 
5,364,426 

Dollars. 
&  4,  964,  424 

(        27,  643 
\        22,  368 

Unwashed  do  

Vegetable  matter. 

Cocoa   and   chocolate, 
pounds 

2.  746,  647 
45;  842,  642 

47,  794,  342 
0423 

642 

c254,452 

4,  279,  779 

2,618,335 
h  63,  094 

70,  124 

2,452,452t 
34,263,943 

$4,  982.  50 
152,  429 

$840.  26 

+  d24,942 
-     64,243 

+  272,894 
-  208,  736 

+      5,  158 

2,  432,  264 
Trace. 

None. 
None. 

e  476,  242 
Trace. 

289,784 
i  293,  838 

None. 

Coffee  pounds 

Fibers,  vegetable:  « 
In  raw  state- 
Cotton  do  
Do./  do.... 

Istle  or  tampico  fiber, 
pounds  

Total  



459,  471 

1,044,722 

(a) 

1,  612,  341 

42  TESTIMONY. 

TESTIMONY. 

[See  also  Punctuation,  p.  36;  Figures,  p.  30.] 

Contract  the  first  Q.  and  A.,  except  in  "fol.,"  "fol.  lit.,"  and  court  work. 

Make  one  paragraph  of  question  and  answer,  connecting  the  question  and  its  answer 
by  an  em  dash;  but  when  there  is  a  "choke,"  use  2-em  dash  only: 

Q.  Did  you  see A.  No,  sir. 

When  the  answer  is  not  introduced  by  the  regular  " A.,"  "Ans.,"  or  "Answer, 
or  when  the  name  or  title  of  a  participant  is  used,  make  a  new  paragraph. 

The  following  examples  illustrate  the  use  of  brackets,  colons,  and  parentheses: 

In  document  testimony  when  the  stenographer  interpolates  language,  use  [  1.  At 
all  other  times  use  ( )  for  parenthetical  phrases  or  sentences,  except  bracketed  para- 
graphs inserted  by  the  stenographer.  If  an  entire  sentence  is  in  (  )  or  [  ],  the  punc- 
tuation is  within  the  (  )  or  [  ] ;  otherwise  it  is  outside. 

At  end  of  sentence  [Laughter.];  within  a  sentence  [laughter]. 

The  CHAIRMAN  (to  Mr.  Smith). 

Mr.  KELLEY  (to  the  chairman) . 

The  WITNESS.  He  did  it  that  way  [indicating] . 

Q.  (By  Mr.  SMITH.)  Do  you  know  these  men  [handing  witness  a  list]? 

(Objected  to.) 

A.  (After  examining  list.)  Yes;  I  do. 

Q.  (Continuing.)— A.  (Reads:) 

Question  (continuing). — Answer  (reads): 

A.  (Interrupting.) 

Answer  (interrupting). 

(Counsel  objects  to  its  admission.) 
[2  leads.] 

D  D  D  By  the  Commissioner: 
[1  lead.] 

Observe  punctuation  in  the  following  paragraph: 

The  defendant,  George  Brown,  stated  to  the  court,  etc. 

The  following  forms  show  punctuation  required: 

1.  X  Q.  Re  X  Q.  1.  24.  Q.  46th.  Cross-int. 

X  Ques.  1.  R.  X  Int.  1.  24-.  Question.  46.  Cross-int. 

1.  Add.  direct.  24.  X  Int.  X  Q.  1.  46.  Cross-ques. 

2.  R.  D.  Q.  X  Int.  1.  24.  Int.  46.  C.  Int. 

3.  ReD.Q.  X20.  5.  ReXQ.  46th.  C.  Int. 

4.  R.  X  Q.  24.  X.  24th.  Cross-ques.  Answer  to  Cross-int.  1. 

When  the  number  precedes  "  Q.,"  "  X  Q,,"  etc.,  use  an  en  space  after  the  number, 
otherwise  use  3-em  spaces,  except  after  last  period  use  an  en  space. 
When  spelled  out,  use  the  following  forms: 

cross-examination.  re-recross-examination. 

cross-interrogatory.  redirect  examination, 

recross-examination.  re-redirect  examination. 


COURT  STYLE. 

SUPREME  COURT  RECORDS. 

[See  also  Fol.— Fol.  lit.— Fol.  type  and  style,  p.  32.] 

Make  paragraphs  of  answers  in  Q.  and  A.  matter. 

The  folio  number  is  to  be  flush  in  the  same  line  as  the  first  word  of  the  folio  and 
in  a  cut-in  3  ems  square,  except  where  there  is  white  space  above  or  below;  inden- 
tions for  paragraphs,  etc.,  to  be  in  addition  to  the  3-em  cut-in. 

Omit  cut-in  folio  opposite  paragraph  reading:  Indorsement  on  cover. 

Excepting  italic  (which  stands  for  errors  only )>5 capitalization,  and  punctuation, 
follow  copy  literally.  In  typewritten  records  manifest  errors  of  the  typewriter  are 
to  be  corrected,  such,  for  instance,  as  where  a  letter  has  been  struck  over  another  or 
where  a  space  in  a  word  shows  that  a  letter  was  intended  to  appear  but  was  not 
struck  hard  enough  to  leave  an  impression;  but  if  a  good  word  is  used  in  the  wrong 
place — as  "in"  for  "on"  or  "boot"  for  "boat,"  etc.,  do  not  change  or  use  italic. 
Words  having  the  sanction  of  any  dictionary  are  not  to  be  changed. 

Use  italic  letters  to  indicate  errors  in  orthography— for  instance,  ourely,  meaning 
surely — except  in  names  of  persons  and  firms  and  geographic  names,  words  in  foreign 
languages  that  are  not  law  terms,  and  errors  in  syntax.  Errors  in  words  set  in  italic 
\vill  be  indicated  by  roman  letters. 

Doublets  will  be  indicated  by  italicizing  the  repeated  portion. 

Names  of  vessels  to  be  set  in  roman,  quoted. 

Use  apostrophe  to  indicate  the  omission  of  one  or  more  letters  in  a  word;  but  in 
well-established  abbreviations  omit  apostrophe  and  use  period. 

Use  a  3-em  quad  to  indicate  the  omission  of  one  or  more  words. 

Capitalize  the  word  "The"  only  in  such  cases  as  the  following:  the  said  The  B.  &  0. 
R.  R.  Co.;  The  Sun  v.  The  Globe;  The  City  of  Washington  v.  The  B.  &  O.  R.  R.  Co.; 
the  defendant  The  Davies  County  Bank. 

COURT  OF  CLAIMS. 

Copy  editors  are  instructed  to  simplify  style  as  much  as  possible,  and  give  pref- 
erence to  copy  generally  in  the  use  of  abbreviations,  figures,  and  other  important  J 
matters.     Compositors  and  proof  readers  must  observe  preparation,  and  where  none 
is  indicated  will  follow  copy. 

Indian  names  to  be  followed  as  to  spelling  and  the  use  of  hyphen  or  space. 
The  following  examples  and  directions  will,  however,  be  observed: 
Do  not  use  superior  letters  in  abbreviations  of  words  unless  so  prepared. 
"United  States"  to  be  used  in  the  plural  number. 

Spell  out  "Question"  and  "Answer"  and  make  separate  paragraphs.     When  ques- 
tions are  numbered,  the  number  to  precede  the  question:  30.  Question  (see  p.  42). 
The  Legal  Tender  cases. 
In  Clarke's  case  the  court  say. 
In  the  case  of  Clarke. 
(Ex  parte  Robinson,  19  Wall.,  304.) 
Bowman  Act  (22  Stat.  L.,  ch.  4,  §  [or  sec.]  4,  p.  50). 
Act  5th  August,  1882  (Supp.  Rev.  Stat.,  284;  Stat.  L.,  28;  R.  S.,  15). 
The  following  forms  occur  in  briefs  and  decisions  only: 
Clarke's  case  (14  Hun,  14). 
WALLACE,  J.,  delivered  the  opinion. 
(31  Stat.,  154.) 

Follow  Rev.  Stat.,  Stats.,  Stat.  L.,  or  R.  S.,  as  written. 
In  Roe  v.  Doe  the  court  ruled. 
United  States  v.  12  Diamond  Rings. 
The  United  States  v.  Forty  Hogsheads  of  Tobacco. 

Make  sentences  of  single  citations  occurring  at  conclusion  of  sentences  or  para- 
graphs, except  "p."  or  "pp.,"  which  will  be  close  up  and  period  outside  of  paren- 
thesis. When  citations  follow  clauses,  the  final  citation,  if  occurring  at  the  end  of 
the  sentence,  will  necessarily  be  closed  up.  In  citations  of  single  lines,  use  period 
at  end  of  each  line.  When  run  in,  use  semicolons. 

43 


44  COURT    STYLE. 

Observe  style  of  the  following;  The  said  paper  was  marked  "Defendant's  Exhibit 
No.  4."  The  defendant's  Exhibit  No.  4  was  thereupon  placed  on  file.  (See  also 
Punctuation,  p.  36.) 

Following  are  some  of  the  names  and  abbreviations  of  the  United  States  Supreme 
Court  reporters  as  used  in  citations  of  United  States  Supreme  Court  Keports: 

Cranch  (abbreviated  Cr.).  Peters  (abbreviated  Pet.). 

Dallas  (abbreviated  Dall.  or  Dal.).  U.  S.  Reports  (abbreviated  U.  S.) 

Howard  (abbreviated  How.).  "    Wheaton  (abbreviated  Wheat.). 

For  authority  on  names  and  abbreviations  of  court  reports,  consult  Catalogue  of 
Law  Library  of  the  Department  of  Justice  ( book  17,  pp.  v  to  xlvii),  proof-room  library. 
Follow  capitalization  in  the  following  examples  in  all  court  work: 

Circuit  Court.  district. 

Circuit  Court  for  the  Southern  District.  John  SmithyUnited  States  marshal  for  the  North- 
Circuit  Court  of  the  United  States  for  the  South-         ern  District. 

ern  District  of  New  York.  Southern  District. 

County  Court.  Superior  Court. 

Court  of  Appeals  of  the  District  of  Columbia.  Supreme  Bench. 

Court  of  Claims.  Supreme  Court. 

Court  of  Commissioners  of  Alabama  Claims.  Supreme  Court  of  the  District  of  Columbia. 
Court  of  Private  Land  Claims. 

COURT  OF  CLAIMS  HEADINGS. 

[For  records.] 

Court  of  Claims  of  the  United  States. 

FRENCH  SPOLIATIONS,  No.  864. 


BRIG  " MERCURY,"  WILLIAM  ROCKWELL. 


C.    D.    VASSE,    ADMINISTRATOR    OF    AMBROSE    VASSE, 
v.  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


EVIDENCE  FOR  CLAIMANT. 


INDEX. 

[For  briefs.] 


Jn  tk  d}0urJ0f  Claims  of  ik  IniM 

FRENCH  SPOLIATIONS,  Nos.  3037  AND  3038 


SHIP  "  BRISTOL,"  EDWARD  SMITH,  MASTER. 


DEFENDANTS'  BRIEF. 


BILL  STYLE. 

Unless  special  directions  are  given — sometimes  necessary  in  particular  cases — the 
following  rules  govern  the  printing  of  bills: 

TYPE. 

Bills  are  always  set  in  14-point  type,  full-slugged. 

A  new  bill  is  always  all  roman,  italic  being  used  only  for  the  enacting  clause  and 
the  words  Provided,  Provided  further,  Provided,  however,  etc. 

SIDE  FIGURES. 

The  direction  "Allow  for  two  figures"  means  that  TWO  1-EM  quads  (not  one 
two-em  quad)  are  to  be  used  in  allowing  for  side  figures  at  left  of  text. 

ENGROSSED  AND  ENROLLED  BILLS. 
A  bill  is  said  to  be  engrossed  when  it  has  passed  one  House  of  Congress;  to  be 

enrolled  when  final  action  has  been  taken jn  both  Houses. 
Engrossed  and  enrolled  bills  are  all  roman,  excepting  the  enacting  clause  and 

provisos,  notwithstanding  the  copy  may  be  italic. 
Follow  literally  in  engrossed  and  enrolled  bills.     This  applies  to  the  title  of  the 

bill  on  the  filing  or  indorsement  as  well  as  to  the  text,  but  not  to  the  caption  of 

engrossed  amendments.     Read  twice,  fol.  lit. 

HEADS  AND  INDORSEMENTS. 

The  "indorsement"  on  a  bill  is  the  form  printed  on  the  back  for  convenience  of 
reference  when  folded.  "  Bill  style"  prevails  on  indorsements.  As  a  bill  pro- 
gresses new  "actions"  appear,  which  should  be  set  in  the  same  style  as  the 
"actions"  that  precede.  (See  examples  of  the  heading  and  indorsement  of  a 
new  bill  in  each  House  given  on  pp.  47,  48.) 

The  name  of  the  introducer  of  a  bill  or  resolution  is  carried  under  the  title  in 
the  indorsement,  in  long  primer  caps  and  small  caps,  between  parallel  rules,  in 
both  Houses,  through  each  printing  until  bill  or  resolution  passes  one  House. 

When  the  title  of  a  bill  on  the  indorsement  makes  more  than  two  lines,  indent 
the  runovers  1£  ems;  center  the  title  when  it  makes  but  one  or  two  lines.  On 
the  face  of  the  bill  where  a  -title  makes  more  than  one  line,  set  the  first  line  to 
full  measure,  centering  the  runover  if  there  be  two  lines  in  the  title;  if  more 
than  two  lines,  indent  the  runovers  2  ems. 

Titles  for  HOUSE  BILLS  are  preferably  taken  from  the  INDORSEMENT  of  copy;  for 
SENATE  BILLS,  from  the  PACE  of  copy.  When  in  doubt,  consult  with  the  foreman. 

Preambles  are  set  full  measure,  the  first  line  of  each  "whereas"  being  flush  and 
the  runovers  indented  2  ems.  Where  an  agreement  or  treaty  is  part  of  a  pream- 
ble, follow  literally,  indenting  the  paragraphs  4  ems  and  runovers  2  ems,  full 
measure. 

Titles  and  preambles  following  the  head  of  a  bill  are  always  half-slugged. 

Set  "[Calendar  No.—.]"  on  both  face  and  indorsement  of  bills  which  have  reached 
the  Senate  Calendar,  in  each  case  at  the  upper  right-hand  corner. 

Set  "Report  No."  on  both  face  and  indorsement  of  reported  bills  in  both  Houses, 
centering  under  the  number  of  the  bill. 

[It  is  impracticable  to  give  illustrations  of  the  minutiae  of  headings  and  indorse- 
ments of  bills  in  all  their  stages.  Samples  and  information  can  always  be  had 
upon  inquiry  at  the  foreman's  desk.  Compositors  and  others  must  familiarize 
themselves  with  the  forms  called  for  by  the  clerks'  notes  on  copy.] 

AMENDMENTS. 

"Line  type"  and  italic  are  used  only  to  show  amendments.  When  it  is  pro- 
posed to  strike  out  certain  portions  in  a  bill  that  is  "reported  with  amendments," 
such  portions  will  be  set  in  "line  type,"  and  matter  proposed  to  be  inserted  will 
be  set  in  italics. 

When  it  is  proposed  to  strike  out  and  insert,  always  let  the  italics  FOLLOW  the 
line  type. 

Do  not  complicate  amendments.  When  one  amendment  can  be  made  to  cover 
the  sense,  as  in  the  complete  changing  of  a  sum  of  money,  so  set  it,  rather  than 
divide  into  two  or  more  short  amendments. 

45 


/<  £V 

/  OF  THE  X 

C    UNIVERSITY 


46  BILL    STYLE. 

Do  not  use  "line  type"  or  italics  to  show  amendments  in  the  title  of  a  bill;  but 
allow  the  original  title  to  stand  in  its  place,  and  put  the  proposed  title  with  the 
introductory  words  "Amend  the  title  so  as  to  read:"  at  the  end  of  the  bill  m  a 
half-slugged  paragraph,  all  roman,  first  line  indented  4  ems,  overs  2  ems,  no 
side  figures.  Example: 
Amend  the  title  so  as  to  read:  "A  bill  granting  an  increase  of  pension  to  John  Smith." 

Do  not  put  a  part  of  a  word  in  italics  or  "line  type."  At  times  the  copy  will 
indicate  a  letter  only  added  to  or  taken  from  a  word,  or  an  amount  like  "twenty- 
five"  will  be  changed  to  "twenty"  by  striking  out  the  "five."  In  such  cases 
use  "line  type"  for  the  original  word  and  put  the  proposed  word  in  italics. 

Proposed  Senate  amendments  are  printed  in  bill  form,  all  roman. 

When  it  is  proposed  in  the  Senate  to  make  several  short  amendments,  the  caption 
should  read  as  follows: 

AMENDMENTS 

Intended  to  be  proposed  by  Mr.  HOAR  to  the  bill  (H.  R.  4864)  to  reduce  taxation,  to  provide 
revenue  for  the  Government,  and  for  other  purposes,  viz: 

1  In  line  24  page  19,  strike  out  the  words  "per  centum  ad  valorem"  and  insert  the  words 

2  "cents  per  pound;"  in  line  16,  page  25,  strike  out  the  word  "shall;"  and  in  line  12,  page  34, 

3  after  the  word  "  and,"  insert  the  word  "  any." 

When  a  proposed  amendment  in  the  Senate  is  expressed  by  one  or  more  full 
paragraphs,  the  caption  should  read: 

AMENDMENT 

Intended  to  be  proposed  by  Mr.  GORMAN  to  the  bill  (H.  R.  2476)  to  establish  a  fish-hatching 
station  at  Port  Tobacco,  Maryland,  viz:  After  the  word  "Maryland,"  m  line  14,  section  2, 
insert  the  following: 

1  To  enable  the  United  States  Commissioner  of  Fish  and  Fisheries  to  carry  out  the  provisions 

2  of  this  Act  there  is  hereby  appropriated  the  sum  of  seventy-five  thousand  dollars. 

REPORTED  BILLS. 

Observe  the  difference  in  form  of  action  taken  on  Senate  and  House  bills  reported 
with  amendments: 

House. — 

DECEMBER  12, 1897. 

Reported  with  amendments,  committed  to  the  Committee  of  the  Whole  House,  and  ordered  to 

be  printed. 

[Omit  the  part  struck  through  and  insert  the  part  printed  in  italics.] 

Senate.— 

DECEMBER  13,  1897. 

Reported  by  Mr.  HARRIS,  with  an  amendment. 
[Omit  the  part  struck  through  and  insert  the  part  printed  in  italics.] 

[The  wording  varies  with  the  necessities  of  the  case,  but  the  style  remains  the 
same.] 

GENERAL  INSTRUCTIONS. 

Always  supply  the  word  "That"  immediately  following  the  section  number 
(except  when  quoting  sections  of  Revised  Statutes)  and  after  the  words  Pro- 
vided, Provided  further,  Provided,  however,  etc. 

Spell  out  everything,  except  "Mr.,"  "Mrs.,"  and  classification  of  vessels,  as 
"A  1." 

Make  the  contractions  "&c."  and  "etc."  and  the  words  "etcetera"  read  "and 
so  forth,"  and  the  contraction  "viz"  read  "namely." 

When,  in  the  use  of  figures,  the  comma  is  used  in  ordinary  work  to  show  nota- 
tion, in  bills  thousands  and  hundreds  are  spelled;  as,  for  1,750,  make  it  "one 
thousand  seven  hundred  and  fifty." 

In  serial  numbers,  or  where  the  comma  is  not  used  in  general  work,  spell  by 
hundreds  all  numbers  less  than  10000;  as,  for  2742,  make  it  "twenty-seven 
hundred  and  forty-two;"  but  in  serial  numbers  where  even  multiples  of  one 
thousand  occur,  use  the  word  "  thousand,"  as  "  section  two  thousand  and  four," 
"paragraph  seven  thousand  and  sixty-nine"  (not  "twenty  hundred  and  four" 
or  "  seventy  hundred  and  sixty-nine  "). 

Years  and  dates  are  expressed  thus:  June  thirtieth,  eighteen  hundred  and 
ninety-three. 


BILL    STYLE.  47 

When  the  expression  usually  indicated  by  "No."  occurs,  use  the  word  "  num- 
bered.-' Observe,  in  this  connection,  the  capitalization  for  kindred  expressions: 
House  Executive  Document  Numbered  One  hundred  and  twenty-six. 

Keferences  to  the  Revised  Statutes,  Statutes  at  Large,  court  reports,  etc.,  are 
expressed  thus:  Revised  Statutes,  page  two  hundred  and  forty-two;  Twelfth  Stat- 
utes, page  eleven  hundred  and  sixteen;  Tenth  Court  of  Claims  Reports,  page  ten. 

Capitalize  the  word  "Act"  wherever  it  occurs  as  a  synonym  for  "bill"  or  "law" 
of  the  Congress  of  the  United  States;  but  do  not  capitalize  when  referring  to  the 
"act"  of  any  other  legislative  body. 

The  indorsement  on  a  printed  bill  must  always  fall  on  an  even  page. 

Seven  lines  of  text  may  be  worked  in  with  the  indorsement. 

SPECIAL  INSTRUCTIONS  FOR  ENROLLED  BILLS. 

Set  in  quarto  measure,  paragraphs  indented  2  ems. 

Lead  with  3-to-pica  leads.     When  center  heads  occur,  use  a  full  pica  slug  above 

and  below. 
Avoid,  when  possible,  division  of  words.     Two-lette,r  divisions  must  not  be  made. 

Space  evenly. 
Place  the  bill  number  (using  the  forms    "  S.  146,"   "H.  R.  4864")  in  14-point 

Woodward,  at  the  upper  left-hand  corner. 


-  [Cast.]  -  . 
58TH  CONGRESS, 

IST  SESSION. 


HEADING   OF   HOUSE   BILL. 

,-[Cast.~K 


[14-point  caps— cast.] 


IN  THE  HOUSE  OF  REPRESENTATIVES. 

[10-point  type.] 
NOVEMBER  18,  1903. 

Mr.  FOWLER,  of  New  Jersey,  (by  request)  introduced  the  following  bill;  which  was 
referred  to  the  Committee  on  Claims  and  ordered  to  be  printed. 


.  -  [Cast.]  -  . 

A  BILL 


[14-point  type.] 
For  the  relief  of  George  Washington  Watkins. 

[Slug.] 

Be  it  enacted,  etc.,  That 


48' 


-rcast.i- 


58TH  CONGRESS, 
IST  SESSION. 


BILL    STYLE. 

HKADING   OF   SENATE  BILL 

[Cast.] 

S.  4973. 


f!4-point  caps — cast.] 
IX  THE  SENATE  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 

[10-point  type.] 
NOVEMBER  17,  1903. 

Mr.  FORAKER  introduced  the  following  bill;  which  Was  read  twice  and  referred  to 
the  Committee  on  Pensions. 


. [Cast.] . 

A  BILL 

Granting  an  increase  of  pension  to  the  survivors  of  the  Mexican  war. 

[Slug.] 

Be  it  enacted,  etc.,  That 


INDORSEMENTS. 


House. 


A  BILL 

For  the  relief  of  George  Washington 
WatkinsT 


Senate. 


58-TH  CONGRESS,  \  «    *  Q7o 
IST  SESSION.      '}s-4973- 


A  BILL 

Granting  an  increase  of  pension  to  the 
survivors  of  the  Mexican  war. 


By  Mr.  FOWLER,  of  New  Jersey. 

NOVEMBER  18, 1903.— Referred  to  the  Commit- 
tee on  Claims  and  ordered  to  be  printed. 


By  Mr.  FORAKER. 

NOVEMBER  17,  1903.— Read  twice  and  referred 
to  the  Committee  on  Pensions. 


JOURNAL  STYLE. 

The  Journals  are  set  in  8  point,  solid,  Record  measure,  and  as  a  rule  Record'  style 
prevails. 

Use  contractions  for  States  and  Territories  (see  Abbreviations,  p.  13)  after  names  of 
forts,  barracks,  arsenals,  navy-yards,  naval  stations,  post-offices,  counties,  military 
or  Indian  reservations,  and  Indian  agencies. 

Omit  comma  between  name  of  Senator  or  Representative  and  State,  thus:  Mr.  Jones 
of  Arkansas. 

Use  one  lead  only  on  either  side  of  small-cap  heads. 

HOUSE. 
MONDAY,  DECEMBER  2,  1907. 

A  message  from  the  Senate,  by  Mr.  Bennett,  its  Secretary,  announced  that  the 
Senate  had  passed  a  bill  entitled: 

S.  2905.  An  act  for  the  relief  of  John  M.  Smith. 

It  also  announced  that  the  Senate  had  passed  bills  of  the  following  titles,  in  which 
the  concurrence  of  the  House  was  requested: 

S.  2000.  An  act  for  the  relief  of  James  Robinson;  and 

S.  2001.  An  act  granting  a  pension  to  Sam  Jones. 

It  further  announced  that  the  Senate  had  passed,  without  amendment,  the  bill 
(H.  R.  10241)  to  amend  an  act  making  appropriations  for  rivers  and  harbors,  and 
for  other  purposes,  approved  July  4,  1906. 

The  committees  were  called  for  reports; 

When, 

Bills  were  reported,  the  reports  thereon  ordered  to  be  printed,  and  referred  to  the 
Calendars  as  follows: 

By  Mr.  Black  of  Illinois,  from  the  Committee  on  Military  Affairs,  the  bill  (S.  527) 
entitled  ''An  act  to  construct  a  road  to  the  national  cemetery  at  Dover,  Tenn." — to 
the  Committee  of  the  Whole  House  on  the  state  of  the  Union. 

The  amendments  recommended  by  the  Committee  of  the  Whole  were  then  agreed 
to;  and  as  amended  the  bill  was  ordered  to  be  engrossed,  was  read  a  third  time,  and 
passed. 

The  Speaker  laid  before  the  House  the  following  bill: 

S.  1262.  An  act  for  the  relief  of  Paul  McCormick; 

Which  was  referred  to  the  Committee  on  Claims. 

By  unanimous  consent  leave  was  granted  Mr.  Jones  to  file  the  views  of  the 
minority. 

The  Speaker  pro  tempore  laid  before  the  House  the  following  bill — with  amend- 
ments of  the  Senate  thereto: 

H.  R.  3458.  An  act  extending  the  time  for  final  proof  on  land  claims  under  the 
public  land  laws. 

On  motion  of  Mr.  Sweet,  the  amendments  were  concurred  in. 

Mr.  Pearson,  from  the  Committee  on  Enrolled  Bills,  reported  that  the  committee 
had  examined  and  found  truly  enrolled  bills  of  the  following  titles;  which  were 
thereupon  signed  by  the  Speaker,  to  wit: 

H.  R.  868.  An  act  for  the  relief  of  John  Smith; 

S.  1896.  An  act  for  the  relief  of  Mrs.  Lucinda  Brown;  and  * 

H.  R.  3858.  An  act  to  pension  John  Jones. 

By  Mr.  Holman: 

Whereas  it  appears  by  an  act  passed  June  4,  1894,  that  the  sum  of  $10,000  was 
appropriated  to  enable  the  Secretary  of  War,  etc.;  and 

Whereas  it  is  alleged  that  trouble"  exists,  etc. ; 

Resolved,  That  the  Committee  on  Military  Affairs  be  authorized  to  settle  the  diffi- 
culty— 
to  the  Committee  on  Military  Affairs. 

The  Committee  on  Indian  Affairs  was  called; 

51121—08 1  49 


.50  JOURNAL    STYLE. 

On  motion  of  Mr.  Lynch  (on  behalf  of  said  committee),  the  House  resolved  itself 
into  the  Committee  of  the  Whole  House  on  the  state  of  the  Union  for  the  considera- 
tion of  the  bill  (H.  R.  6557)  providing  for  opening  the  Umtah  Indian  Reservation  in 
Utah-  and  after  some  time  spent  therein,  the  Speaker  resumed  the  chair,  and  Mr 
Dockerv  reported  that  the  committee  having  had  under  consideration  the  said 
(H.  R/6557)  had  come  to  no  resolution  thereon; 
When  the  morning  hour  expired. 

The  question  being  on  agreeing  to  the  second  resolution,  to  wit: 
Evolved,  That  John  J.  O'Neill  was  not  legally  elected  and  is  not  entitled  to  a  seat 
in  this  House; 
And  being  put, 
Will  the  House  agree  thereto? 

(  Yeas .v « 

It  was  decided  in  the  negative,  -I  Nays 

(  Not  answering * 

After  further  debate, 

The  Speaker  appointed  Messrs.  Bailey  and  Ray  of  New  \  ork  tellers. 

The  question  being  put, 

Shall  the  bill  be  engrossed  and  read  a  third  time? 

The  veas  and  nays  being  desired  by  one-fifth  of  the  Members  present, 

fYeas. , !?? 

I  Nays 55 

There  appeared,  \  Answering  present - _J 

|  Not  answering «* 

(  Reported  by  tellers  as  present  and  not  answering 5 

The  Speaker  laid  before  the  House  the  following  joint  resolution  of  the  Senate: 
'S.  R.  91.  A  joint  resolution  providing  for  printing  a  digest  of  the  laws  relating  t< 
-compensation  of  officials  in  United  States  courts; 
Which  was  referred  to  the  Committee  on  Printing. 

Mr   Allen  suggested  that  the  House  should  take  a  recess,  under  Rule  2b. 
And  then,  in  pursuance  of  Rule  26,  the  House  took  a  recess  until  8  p.  m» 
A  message  from  the  President  of  the  United  States,  by  Mr.  Crook,  one  ot  his  sec- 
retaries, announced  that  the  President  had  approved  and  signed  bills  and  a  joint 
resolution  of  the  following  titles: 

On  June  29,  1904: 
H.  R.  4701.  An  act  to  incorporate  the  Supreme  Lodge  ot  the  Knights  ot  rytnias; 

H.  R.  274.  An  act  to  authorize  the  city  of  Hyattsville,  Md.,  to  construct  a  wagon 
bridge. 

On  July  6,  1904: 

H.  J.  Res.  196.  Joint  resolution  to  provide  temporarily  for  the  expenditures  of  the 
Government. 

The  committee  of  conference  on  the  disagreeing  votes  of  the  two  Houses  to  tne  bill 
(H.  R.  6518)  making  appropriations  for  rivers  and  harbors  do  recommend  to  their 
respective  Houses  as  follows: 

That  the  House  recede  from  its  disagreement  to  the  amendment  of  the  senate 
numbered  27,  and  agree  to  the  same  with  an  amendment  as  follows:  Strike  out  all 
the  matter  preceding  and  insert  on  page  77,  after  line  7,  the  following  as  a  new  item: 

Baltimore  Harbor,  Maryland:  To  widen  the  ship  channel  to  one  thousand  feet,  one 
thousand  nine  hundred  and  sixty-nine  dollars  and  fifty-one  cents. 

And  the  Senate  agree  to  the  same. 

That  the  House  recede  from  its  disagreement  to  the  amendment  of  the  Senate 
numbered  20,  and  agree  to  the  same  with  an  amendment  as  follows:  Strike  out 
•"  eight  hundred  dollars  "  and  insert  in  lieu  thereof  the  following:  three  hundred  and 
Jifty  dollars;  and  the  Senate  agree  to  the  same. 

Amend  section  2  to  read  as  follows: 

SEC.  2.  For  an  exhibit  by  the  Government  of  the  United  States  at  the  Cotton  States  Inter- 
national Exposition  to  be  held  at  Atlanta,  Georgia,  in  the  i/ear  eighteen  hundred  and  ninety- 
five,  one  hundred  thousand  dollars.  ' 

And  the  House  agree  to  the  same. 

Leave  of  absence  was  granted- to  Mr.  Cobb  of  Alabama  and  Mr.  Black  of  Illinois, 
indefinitely;  to  Mr.  Pigott,  for  two  days;  to  Mr.  Bartlett,  until  Saturday  next;  to 
Mr.  Grosvenor  of  Ohio,  for  one  week;  and  to  Mr.  Lacey,  for  four  days. 


JOURNAL    STYLE.  51 

REPORTS    OF   COMMITTEES   ON   PUBLIC   BILLS    AND    RESOLUTIONS. 

Under  clause  2  of  Rule  13,  bills  and  resolutions  of  the  following  titles  were  sever- 
ally reported  from  committees,  delivered  to  the  Clerk,  and  referred  to  the  Calendars 
therein  named  as  follows: 

******  # 

CHANGE    OF   REFERENCE. 

Under  clause  2  of  Rule  22,  committees  were  discharged  from  the  consideration  of 
bills  of  the  following  titles;  which  were  thereupon  referred  as  follows: 

PRIVATE   BILLS   AND   RESOLUTIONS   INTRODUCED. 

Under  clause  1  of  Rule  22,  private  bills  and  resolutions  of  the  following  titles  were 
introduced  and  severally  referred  as  follows: 

PUBLIC   BILLS,    RESOLUTIONS,    AND    MEMORIALS    INTRODUCED. 

"fr  "%"  "X*  •&  •}(•  •¥•  .Y. 

By  Mr.  Cooper  of  Ohio,  from  the  Committee  on  Pensions:  The  bill  (H.  R.  23)  to 
pension  John  Jones.  (Report  No.  10. ) 

[When  two  or  more  bills  are  reported,  make  a  paragraph  of  each.] 

PUNCTUATION    POINTS. 

As  amended,  said  bill  was  passed. 

The  said  bill  as  amended  was  read  the  third  time. 

reported  the  resolution  (No.  550) ;  which  was  considered  by  unanimous  consent  and 
agreed  to. 

said  bill  was.  by  unanimous  consent,  considered. 

;  which  was  read  the  first  and  second  times  by  unanimous  consent  and  considered 
as  in  Committee  of  the  Whole;  and  no  amendment  being  made,  it  was  reported  to 
the  House. 
;  which  was  by  unanimous  consent  considered  and  read  twice. 

So,  two-thirds  voting  in  favor  thereof,  said  bill  was  passed. 

By  Mr.  Smith  of  Illinois:  A  resolution  (No.  29)  to  provide  revenue,  etc.— to  the 
Committee  on  Ways  and  Means. 

By  Mr.  Hicks:  A  concurrent  resolution  (No.  10)  to  recognize  Cuban  independence — 
to  the  Committee  on  Foreign  Affairs. 

By  Mr.  Moon:  A  joint  resolution  (H.  J.  Res.  14)  to  recognize  Greece— to  the  Com- 
mittee on  Foreign  Affairs. 

[NOTE.— In  Senate  Journal  a  semicolon  (;)  is  used  before  the  reference,  instead  of  a  dash.] 

A  joint  resolution  (H.  J.  Res.  16).     In  Senate:  S.  R.  16. 

A  resolution  (H.  Res.  16). 

A  concurrent  resolution  (H.  C.  Res.  16). 

And  then, 

On  motion  of  Mr.  Grosvenor,  at  5  o'clock  and  20  minutes  p.  m.,  the  House  adjourned. 

SENATE. 

MESSAGE   FROM   THE    HOUSE. 

A  message  from  the  House  of  Representatives,  by  Mr.  Browning,  its  chief  clerk: 
Mr.  President:  The  House  of  Representatives  has  disagreed  to  the  amendments  of 
the  Senate  to  the  bill  (H.  R.  6913)  making  appropriations  for  the  current  expenses 
of  the  Indian  Department.  It  asks  a  conference  with  the  Senate  thereon,  and  has 
appointed  Mr.  Holman,  Mr.  Allen,  and  Mr.  Wilson  of  Washington  managers  at  the 
same  on  its  part. 

ENROLLED   BILLS   SIGNED. 

Mr.  Caffery  reported  from  the  committee  that  they  had  examined  and  found  duly^ 
enrolled  the  following  bill: 

H.  R.  2350.  An  act  making  appropriations  for  the  Military  Academy; 

Whereupon, 

The  President  pro  tempore  signed  the  same,  and  it  was  delivered  to  the  committee 
to  be  presented  to  the  President  of  the  United  States. 

The  Senate  proceeded,  by  unanimous  consent,  to  consider  the  said  bill  as  in  Com- 
mittee of  the  Whole;  and  no  amendment  being  made,  it  was  reported  to  the  Senate. 

Ordered,  That  it  pass  to  a  third  reading. 

The  said  bill  was  read  the  third  time. 

Resolred,  That  it  pass,  and  that  the  title  thereof  be  as  aforesaid. 


52        ,  JOURNAL    STYLE. 

The  Senate  proceeded  to  consider,cas  in  Committee  of  the  Whole,  the  hill  (S.  1296) 
for  the  relief  of  Andrew  Gray;  and 

On  motion  by  Mr.  White,  and  by  unanimous  consent, 

Ordered,  That  it  be  postponed  indefinitely. 

S.  Res.  12;  S.  R.  12;  S.  C.  Res.  12. 

Mr.  Allison  called  for  a  division  of  the  question;  and 

On  the  question  to  recede  from  the  amendment  No.  87,  vie:  Insert  as  an  additional 
paragraph  the  following: 

109.  Iron  ore,  forty  cents  per  ton,  9 

It  was  determined  in  the  negative,  |  N|^  " "    ~  *  ~ "  ~  ~  \ 5 

Mr  Vest:  A  petition  of  citizens  of  Missouri  in  favor  of  woman  suffrage. 

Mr!  Hoar  (on  behalf  of  Mr.  Lodge) :  A  petition  of  citizens  of  Massachusetts,  remon- 
strating against  any  further  extension  of  the  civil-service  rules. 

To  amend  Rule  VIII  of  the  Standing  Rules  of  the  Senate. 
On  motion  by  Mr.  Hill, 

The  yeas  and  nays  being  desired  by  one-fifth  of  the  Senators  present, 

Those  who  voted  in  the  affirmative  are, 

Messrs.  Allen,  Hill,  Irby. 

Those  who  voted  in  the  negative  are, 

Messrs.  Jones  of  Arkansas,  Jones  of  Nevada,  Mitchell  of  Wisconsin. 

The  question  being  on  the  motion  of  Mr.  Spooner  that  the  Senate  recede  f 
amendment  No.  87, 

Pending  debate, 

Mr.  Carmack  raised  a  question  as  to  the  presence  of  a  quorum ;    • 

T^^Presiding  Officer  (Mr.  Platt  of  Connecticut  in  the  chair)  directed  the  roll  to 
be  called; 
When, 

Fifty-nine  Senators  answered  to  their  names. 
A  quorum  being  present, 

EXECUTIVE   SESSION. 

On  motion  by  Mr.  Jones  of  Arkansas, 

The  Senate  proceeded  to  the  consideration  of  executive  business;  |  and 
After  the  consideration  of  executive  business  the  doors  were  |  reopened; 
When 

On  motion'by  Mr.  Gorman,  at  3  o'clock  and  40  minutes  p.  m., 
The  Senate, adjourned. 


USEFUL   INFORMATION. 


ASTRONOMICAL  SIGNS. 


<T>  Aries. 
B  Taurus, 
n  Gemini. 
zz  Cancer. 
a  Leo. 
Tip  Virgo. 
^  Libra. 
n\  Scorpia. 
2  Sagittarius. 


Capricornus. 
Aquarius. 
Pisces, 
or  ©  Sun. 
Mepcury. 
Venus. 
or  0  Earth. 
Mars. 
Jupiter. 


T?  Saturn. 
Ijl  Uranus. 
i®  New  Moon. 
})  First  quarter. 
©  Full  Moon. 
(£  Last  quarter. 
tf  Conjunction. 
§  Opposition. 
A  Trine. 


D  Quartile. 

*  Sextile. 

Q  Dragon's  Head. 

t3  Dragon's  Tail. 

5  Ceres.     • 

$  Pallas. 

C  Juno. 

§  Vesta. 


FOREIGN  COINS. 

[From  Report  of  the  Director  of  the  Mint,  1907.] 


Country. 

Standard. 

Monetary  unit. 

Value. 

Argentina  

Gold 

Peso    .  . 

$0.  965 
.203 
.193 
.499 
.546 
1.000 

1.000 
.465 

.499 

.365 
.818 

.815  n 

.782=^' 
.799 
.756 
.832 
.765 
.792 
.809 
.767 
.786 
.797 
.747 
.755 
.823 
.792 
.538 
538 

Austria-Hungai 
Belgium 

v  

do               Crown 

Bolivia  

Silver               Boliviano 

Brazil 

Gold                 Milreis 

British  possessi< 
cept  Newfour 
British  Hondur 
Central  Am-eric 
Costa  Rica. 

>ns,  North  America  (ex- 
idland). 
as  

do                 Dollar 

do 

do 

in  States: 

.  do               Colon 

Guatemala 
Honduras  . 

Silver 

Peso 

Nicaragua 
Salvador  .  . 

Gold 

do 

Chile 

Chinese  Empire 
O 
Colombia  

-  

Silver  
Gold 

Amov  

Canton  

Chefoo  .  . 

Chin  Kiang 

Fuchau  .  .  . 

Haikwan  (customs)  

Hankau  

rp     i  Kiaochou 

ael  Nanking... 

Newchwang 

Ningpo  

Peking 

Shanghai  

Swatow 

Takau  •. 

Tientsin 

[  Hongkong  

Dollar<  British 

[Mexican  .. 

.542 
1.000 
.268  _ 
.487^ 
4.943 
.193 
.193 
.238 
4.866£ 
.193 
.965 
4.  8664 
.193 
.498 
1.000 
(b) 
.498 

Dollar 

Denmark  

...do... 

Crown 

Ecuador  

do 

Sucre 

Egypt  . 

do 

Finland  

do 

Mark 

France  .. 

do 

Franc 

German  Empire 
Great  Britain  .   . 

...do 

Mark 

i           dn 

Greece  

do... 

Drachma 

Haiti  

..    .do 

Gourde 

India 

do 

Italy  

do 

Lira 

Japan  . 

do.... 

Yen 

Liberia  

do 

Dollar 

Mexico  

if  Silver  

....do  

~~,\Gold  i'eso  c  

a  The  sovereign  is  the  standard  coin  of  India,  but  the  rupee  ($0.3244^)  is  the  money  of  commerce, 
current  at  15  to  the  sovereign. 

b  On  and  after  May  1,  1905,  the  silver  dollar  is  valued  at  SO.  498. 
c  Seventy-five  centigrams  fine  gold. 

53 


54 


USEFUL  INFORMATION. 
Foreign  coins — Continued. 


Country.                                Standard. 

Monetary  unit. 

Value. 

Netherlands  Gold  ........ 

Florin  

$0.402 

Newfoundland  |  do  
Norway  -do  

Dol  lar  
Crown  

.268 

Panama  .do  

Balboa  
Kran        

.092 

/Sol  

\Libra  
Peso               x  

4.  8665 
.500 

Milreis  

1.080 

Ruble             

.515 

Peseta                          

.193 

Pound  sterling  a  

4.866i 

Crown              - 

.268 

Franc  

.193 

Piaster             

.044 

Peso                                

1.034 

Bolivar      

.193 

a  The  current  coin  of  the  Straits  Settlements  is  the  silver  dollar  issued  on  Government  account  and 
which  has  been  given  a  tentative  value  of  $0.567758}. 

NOTE.— The  coins  of  silver-standard  countries  are  valued  by  their  pure  silver  contents  at  the  aver- 
age market  price  of  silver. 


GREEK  ALPHABET. 


Caps. 

Lower- 
case. 

Greek  sound. 

English 
sound. 

Caps. 

Lower- 
case. 

Greek  sound. 

English 
sound. 

A 

a. 

Alpha. 

A. 

N 

V 

Nil. 

N. 

B 

ft  6 

Beta. 

B. 

A 

£ 

Xi. 

^. 

r 

Y 

Gamma. 

G. 

0 

0 

O  micron. 

O  short. 

A 

d 

Delta. 

D. 

n 

n  GJ 

Pi. 

P. 

E 

Epsilon. 

E  short. 

p 

P 

Rho. 

R. 

Z 

I 

Zeta. 

Z. 

2 

d  s 

Sigma. 

S. 

•H 

rf 

Eta. 

E  long. 

T 

T 

Tan. 

T. 

& 

6  5 

Theta. 

Th. 

r 

V 

Upsilon. 

U. 

I 

i 

Iota. 

I. 

$ 

<P<P 

Phi. 

F. 

K 

K 

Kappa. 

K. 

X 

X 

Chi. 

Ch. 

A 

X 

Lambda. 

L. 

w 

if)  8 

Psi. 

Ps. 

M 

ft 

Mu. 

M. 

n 

GO 

Omega. 

O  long. 

HOMONYMS. 

The  following  is  a  partial  list  of  words  often  improperly  used : 


Advice;  information,  counsel. 

advise;  to  counsel. 

albumen;  white  of  egg. 

albumin;  viscous  substance. 

alegar;  ale  vinegar. 

aleger;  cheerful,  sprightly. 

ante;  preceding. 

anti;  against. 

apprise;  inform. 

apprize:  to  value,  appraise. 

auger;  a  tool. 

augur;  predict  by  signs. 

Base;  bottom,  vile. 

bass;  lowest  tone,  a  fish. 

bask;  lie  in  warmth. 

basque;  apparel. 

berth;  place  to  sleep,  employment. 

birth:  coming  into  life. 

breach;  a  gap. 

breech;  hinderpart  of  gun. 

Cannon;  a  large  gun. 

canon;  a  law  or  rule. 

canyon  (canon);  steep-sided  gorge. 

canvas;  a  cloth. 


canvass;  to  examine,  to  solicit, 
capital;  chief,  money,  stock, 
capitol;  a  building, 
caster;  a  vial,  a  wheel, 
castor;  a  rodent,  cloth,  bean, 
censer;  incense  pan. 
censor;  examiner,  critic, 
cere;  to  cover  with  wax. 

sear;  to  burn  the  surface. 

seer;  prophet. 

sere;  dry,  withered, 
claimant:  one  who  claims  something, 
clamant;  beseeching  clamorously, 
complement;  fullness, 
compliment;  praise, 
conveyer;  one  who  conveys, 
conveyor;  contrivance  for  conveying  objects, 
coquet;  to  trifle  in  love, 
coquette;  a  flirt, 
council;  deliberating  body, 
counsel;  to  admonish, 
consular;  pertaining  to  a  consul, 
councilor;  member  of  a  council, 
counselor;  adviser. 


USEFUL  INFORMATION. 


55 


corespondent;  one  who  answers  jointly  with  an- 
other. 

correspondent;    conformable,    one    who   corres- 
ponds by  letter. 

Depositary;  receiver,  trustee. 

depository;  place  of  deposit. 

discreet;  prudent. 

discrete;  distinct,  separate. 

dyeing;  coloring. 

dying;  expiring. 

Emigrant:  one  who  moves  out  of    a  place  or  ! 

country. 

immigrant;   one  who  moves  into  a  place  or  , 
country. 

emigration;  moving  out. 
immigration;  moving  into. 

empirical;  experimentation. 

empyrical;  combustible  principle  of  coal. 

Faker;  a  cheat,  swindler. 

fakir:  oriental  religious  ascetic. 

Galipot:  resin  or  pitch. 

gallipot;  medicine  pot. 

ganth-t:  military  punishment. 

gauntlet;  glove. 

grisly;  horrible. 

grizzly:  grayish. 

Hoard;  accumulate. 

horde:  wandering  troop. 

Immanent;  inherent,  abiding. 

imminent;  impending. 

incipient;  commencing. 

insipient;  stupid,  foolish. 

indict:  charge  with  crime. 

indite:  compose,  write. 

indiscreet;  imprudent. 

indiscrete;  compact,  together. 

intension:  stretching. 

Intention:  determination. 

Lessen;  to  reduce. 

lesson;  something  to  be  studied. 

Maize;  corn. 

maze;  a  labyrinth. 

marten;  an  animal. 

martin:  a  bird. 

meat;  flesh. 


meet;  to  join,  proper. 

mete;  to  measure. 

miner;  a  digger. 

minor;  under  age. 

mucous;  slimy. 

mucus;  viscid  fluid. 

Panel;  sunken  plane  with  raised  rrargins. 

pannel;  rustic  saddle. 

parol;  oral  declaration. 

parole:  word  of  honor. 

passable;  admitting  passage. 

passible;  unfeeling. 

pendant:  an  ornament. 

pendent;  hanging,  projecting. 

premices;  first  fruits. 

premises;  property. 

principal;  chief. 

principle;  fundamental  truth,  constituent  part. 

prophecy;  a  prediction. 

prophesy;  to  foretell. 

Rabbet:  a)  groove  in  edge  of  board. 

rabbit:  small  animal. 

resin;  liquid  or  semiliquid  exudation. 

rosin;  solid  product  of  turpentine. 

rigger:  fitter  of  ships'  rigging. 

rigor:  severity. 

riot;  tumult. 

ryot;  a  peasant,  a  tiller  of  soil. 

Saver;  one  who  saves. 

savor;  flavor. 

sear  (see  cere). 

subtle;  sly,  artful. 

suttle:  net  weight. 

sheath;  a  scabbard. 

sheathe;  to  case  or  cover. 

sleight;  artful  trick. 

slight:  small,  neglect. 

Theocracy;  government  by  direction  of  God. 

theoerasy*;  mixture  of  worship  of  different  gods. 

ton;  a  measure  of  weight. 

tun;  a  large  cask. 

Vertical;  perpendicular. 

verticle;  axis,  hinge. 

Wheal;  raised  mark,  a  welt. 

wheel;  rotating  disk. 


MATHEMATICAL  SIGNS. 


+  plus. 

—  minus. 

x  multiplied  by. 

-  divided  by. 

=  equality. 

±  plus  or  minu<. 

Q  sq\mre. 


CH  rectangle. 

A  triangle.L 

O  circle. 

L   angle. 

L   right  angle. 

r~  or  >  greater  than. 

—\  or  <  less  than. 


j.  perpendicular. 

~  difference. 

/  integration. 

<>  equivalence. 

: ;  ;  proportion. 

f=-  geometrical  propor- 
tion. 


—  ;  difference,  excess. 

.-.  therefore. 

v  because. 

\'  radical. 

0  degree. 

'  minute. 

"  seconds. 


MODERN  LANGUAGES. 


The  proper  division  or  syllabication  of  words  is  important,  and  compositors 
handling  work  in  foreign  languages  should  become  familiar  with  the  following  rules: 

FRENCH. 

1.  A  single  consonant  between  two  vowels  belongs  to  the  vowel  that  follows;  as, 
ra-ser,  jo-yeux,  ils  cro-yaient. 

Exceptions:  (a)  When  x  stands  between  two  vowels  the  prefix  is  not  divided;  as, 
exact,  exeat,  saxon,  laxi-tude,  exal-ter,  soixan-te,  deuxie-me.  (6)  When  the  pre- 
fixes des,  in,  and  sub  are  used,  divide  on  the  prefix;  as,  des-habille,  des-honneur,  de"s- 
avantage,  in-hnmain,  in-offensif,  sub-alterne,  sub-ordination. 

2.  The  first  letter  of  a  double  consonant  belongs  to  the  preceding  syllable,  the 
second  letter  to  the  following  one;  as,  Char-les,  ad-di-tion,  mon-sieur,  Jac-ques,  mal- 
heur,  bon-homme. 

Exceptions:  When  the  following  consonants  appear  together  they  must  not  be 
divided  but  joined  to  the  vowel  that  follows:  &/,  br,  ch,  chl,  chr,  cl,  cr,  dl,  dr,fl,fr, 
gl,  gn,  gr,  gn,  ph.  phi,  pi,  pr,  qu,  rh,  th,  thl,  thr,  tr,  rr.  Observe  that  they  are  almost 
all  I  or  /•  combined  with  some  other  consonant;  as,  ou-bli,  poi-trine,  re-gle,  sei-gneur, 
bou-clier. 

3.  Vowels  forming  diphthongs  and  triphthongs  should  not  be  divided;  as,  lui,  ner, 
lion,  loner,  vieux,   fleau,  ouest,  joueur,  pia-no,  voi-sin,  lie-vre,  cruau-te,   ree-lire, 
voya-ge,  ils  cro-yaient. 


56 


USEFUL   INFORMATION. 


Do  not  divide  on  one  letter,  and  two-letter  divisions  should  be  avoided  if  possible. 

Adjectives  derived  from  names  of  countries  are  not  capitalized;  as,  americain, 
anglais,  francaise,  espagnole,  etc. 

Geographical  names  are  usually  compounded:  Grande-Bretagne,  Etats-Ums,  New- 
York,  Nouvelle-Orleans,  Buenos-Ayres,  Port-au-Prince,  Saint-Louis,  etc. 

A  space  should  not  be  inserted  after  an  apostrophe:  J'aime;  c'est  Phomme  qu'il 
n'estime  pas;  grand'mere;  aujourd'hui;  entr'acte,  etc. 

GERMAN. 

In  general,  words  are  divided  as  enunciated  when  slowly  pronounced;  as,  Hau-be, 
Sor-ge,  Bil-dung,  Wes-pe,  kin-disch,  Lieb-lich-keit,  Ge-walt-mass-re-gel. 

Compound  words  are  divided  according  to  their  component  parts;  as,  dar-um,  hm- 
aus,  vor-aus,  Be- ob-achtung,  voll-enden,  Inter-esse,  Atmo-sphare,  Mikro-skop,  Dis- 
tichon,  Dis-put,  Dis-position,  Ver-eins-bank. 

When  a  consonant  follows  an  accented  vowel  in  the  middle  of  a  word,  the  division 
is  made  after  the  latter;  as,  pfle-gen,  he-ben,  kne-ten,  lie-ben. 

The  digraphs  ch,  dt,  ph,  and  th,  and  the  trigraph  sch,  are  not  divided  m  words  like 
la-chen,  ha-schen,  Telegra-phie,  Gesan-dte,  Sta-dte. 

When  two  or  more  consonants  follow  an  accented  vowel  in  the  middle  ot  a  word, 
the  division  is  made  before  the  last  of  such  consonants;  as,  Wes-pe,  put-zen,  Fiich-se, 
klop-fen,  klin-gen,  Erinnerun-gen,  Kas-ten,  Schwer-ter,  WTas-ser. 

The  letters  x  an  z  should  go  with  the  vowel  following;  as,  Ni-xe,  Hit-ze,  hei-zen. 

Following  r  and  m  the  digraph  pf  belongs  to  the  next  syllable;  as,  kam-pfen,  Kar- 
pien.  But,  rap-fen. 

In  German  every  noun  is  capitalized.  Adjectives  derived  from  the  names  of  coun- 
tries are  not  capitalized;  as,  amerikanische,  englisches,  deutscher,  etc. 

Vater,  Vater;  Mutter,  Mutter;  Garten,  Garten;  Vogel,  Vogel,  and  many  others,  are 
correct  forms,  being,  respectively,  the  singular  and  pluraL 

When  the  same  component  is  common  to  two  or  more  compounds  in  succession, 
it  will  be  given  once  only,  its  relation  to  the  others  being  indicated  by  the  hyphen; 
e.  g.  "Pfeifen-  und  Saitentone,"  for  Pfeifentone  und  Saitentone"  (wind- and  bow- 
instruments) .  This  will  occur  not  only  in  nouns  but  also  in  verbs  and  adjectives; 
as,  Nord-  und  Siidamerika;  auf-  und  niedergehenj  schwarz-  und  weissgestreift. 

NAMES  OF  THE  MONTHS  IN  FIVE  LANGUAGES. 


English. 

Spanish. 

Portuguese. 

French. 

German. 

January. 
February. 

enero. 
febrero. 

Janeiro, 
fevereiro. 

Janvier, 
fevrier. 

Januar. 
Februar. 

March. 

marzo. 

marco. 

mars. 

Marz. 

April. 
May. 

abril. 
mayo. 

abrg. 
maio. 

avril. 
mai. 

April. 
Mai. 

June. 

jumo. 

junho. 

]um. 

Juni. 

July. 

julio. 

julho. 

juillet. 

Juli. 

August. 
September. 
October. 

agosto. 
setiembre. 
octubre. 

agosto. 
setembro. 
outubro. 

aout. 
septembre. 
octobre. 

August. 
September. 
Oktober. 

November. 

noviembre. 

novembro. 

novembre. 

November. 

December. 

diciembre. 

dezembro. 

decembre. 

Dezember. 

It  will  be  observed  in  the  foregoing  list  that  the  names  of  months  are  capitalized 
in  English  and  German,  but  are  not  capitalized  in  Spanish,  Portuguese,  and  French. 

PORTUGUESE. 

Words  with  the  Latin  prefixes  con,  de,  in,  ab,  ob,  pre,  re,  etc.,  followed  by  a,  are 
divided  after  the  s;  as,  cons-tan-te,  res-pon-der,  pres-cre-ver,  ins-cul-pir,  abs-trac-cao, 
etc. 

WThen  g  is  followed  by  ??,  the  division  is  made  between  these  two  letters;  as, 
ag-no-me,  cog-no-men-te,  dig-na-men-te,  etc. 

The  characters  nh  and  Ui  are  regarded  as  single  letters  and  therefore  the  h  must 
not  be  separated  from  the  preceding  consonant;  as,  en-ge-nhei-ros,  co-nhe-ci-men-to, 
ca-mi-nho,  fi-lho,  ma-lha,  tra-ba-lho. 


USEFUL   INFORM ATION. 


57 


When  the  letter  #,  in  the  middle  of  a  word,  is  found  between  two  vowels,  it  must 
be  joined  to  the  vowel  following  it;  as,  abai-xar,  au-xi-lio,  dei-xar,  etc.  But  division 
mav  be  made  between  x  and  another  consonant:  Ex-cel-len-te-meii-te. 

Vowels  forming  diphthongs  should  not  be  divided;  as,  coa-dei-ra,  dou-to,  pau- 

arpronouns  following  verbs  are  always  connected  by  the  hyphen;  as,  encontra-lo, 
acomphanhar-me,  retirar-me-hei,  corrige-te,  fallo-lhe,  occupar-se,  fizerao-no,  pare. 

n°Doenot  divide  on  one  letter,  and  two-letter  divisions  should  be  avoided  if  possible. 
Adjectives  derived  from  names  of  countries  are  not  capitalized;  as,  nespanhola, 
portuguesa,  americano,  etc. 

SPANISH.j 

It  is  intended  that  all  syllables,  if  possible,  should  end  with  a  vowel;  therefore  a 
single  consonant,  ch,  II,  rr,  and  n,  occurring  between  vowels,  is  joined  to  the  vowel 
following;  as,  mo-ti-vo,  re-ba-no,  mu-cha-cho,  ba-ta-lla,  ba-rre-no,  ci-ga-rro. 

The  letters  I  and  r,  when  preceded  by  any  consonant  except  s,  must  not  be  separated 
from  the  consonant,  except  when  uniting  parts  of  compound  words;  as,  ha-blar, 
rm-drir.  But,  sub-lu-nar,  sub-ra-yar. 

Two  or  more  consonants  may  be  divided,  but  if  s  appears  between  two  consonants 
place  the  hyphen  after  it;  as,  ab-sol-ver.  But,  abs-te-ner. 

Do  not  separate  diphthongs  nor  triphthongs:    Apre-cia-cion,  es-  -te,  gra 

B1°Do  not  divide  on  one  letter,  and  two-letter  divisions  should  be  avoided  if  possible. 

Adjectives  derived  from  names  of  countries  are  not  capitalized;  as,  americano, 
espanola,  portuguesa,  etc. 

Do  not  use  the  degree  mark  (°)  in  connection  with  ordinal  numbers;  use  supe- 
rior °;  as,  Articulo  1°. 


3£  point, 
4£  point, 

5  point, 
5$-  point, 

6  point, 

7  point, 

8  point, 

9  pointj. 

10  point, 

11  point, 

12  point, 


Brilliant. 

Diamond. 

Pearl. 

Agate. 

Nonpareil. 

Minion. 

Brevier. 

Bourgeois. 

Long  Primer. 

Small  Pica. 

Pica. 


POINT  SYSTEM. 

14  point,  2-line  Minion  or  32  point, 

English.  36  point, 

15  point,  3-line  Pearl. 

16  point,  2-line  Brevier.  40  point, 
18  point,  Great  Primer.  42  point, 
20  point,  2-line  Long  Primer  44  point, 

or  Paragon. 

22  point,  2-line  Small  Pica.  48  point, 

24  point,  2-line  Pica.  54  point, 

28  point,  2-line  English.  60  point, 

30  point,  5-line  Nonpareil.  72  point, 

ROMAN  NUMERALS. 


4-line  Brevier. 
2-line  Great 

Primer. 

Double  Paragon. 
7-line  Nonpareil. 
4-line  Small  Pica 

or  Canon. 
4  line  Pica. 
9-line  Nonpareil. 
5-line  Pica. 
6-line  Pica. 


I. 

II. 

III. 

IV. 

V. 

VI. 

VII. 

VIII. 

IX. 

X 


f> 

XX 

g 

XXX 

4 

XL 

5 

L 

6 

LX 

LXX 

s 

LXXX 

g 

xc           ..    . 

10 

.  c.. 

19 
20 
30 
40 
50 
60 
70 
80 
90 
100 


CL :.  150 

OC 200 

CCC 300 

CCCC 400 

D 500 

DC 600 

DCC 700 

DCCC 800 

DCCCC 900 

M                  1000 


58  USEFUL  INFORMATION. 

RULE  (CUT  TO  SIX-POINT)  IN  EIGHT-POINT  TABLES. 


8-pt.          6-pt.    !    Rule. 

8-pt.            6-pt. 

Rule. 

1  em   =   14           U 

14  ems  =   2 

2 

2'ems  =  2§           24 

24  ems  =   34 

3i 

3ems=  4 

34  ems  =  4} 

44 

4  ems  =  54           5i 
5ems=  6$          64 

44  ems  =   6 
54  ems  =   74 

6 
71 

6ems  =   8            8 

65  ems  =  8| 

84 

7  ems  =  94 

9t 

74  ems  =  10 

10 

8  ems  =  10f 

104 

84  ems  =3114 

11* 

9  ems  =  12           12 

94  ems  =  12§ 

124 

10  ems  =  13J 
11  ems  =  14f 

13* 

144 

104  ems  =  14 
114  ems  =154 

14 
15* 

12  ems  =  16 

16 

124  ems  =  16| 

164 

13  ems  =  17^ 

17* 

134  ems  =  18 

18 

14ems  =  18f 

184 

144  ems  =  194 

19| 

15  ems  =  20 

20 

154  ems  =20f 

204 

16  ems  =214 

211 

164  ems  =22 

22 

17ems  =  22f 

224 

17*  ems  =234 

23i 

18  ems  =24 

24 

184ems  =  24§ 

244 

19  ems  =254 

25i 

19*  ems  =26 

26 

20  ems  =  26f 

264 

204  ems  =  274 

27i 

21  ems  =  28 

28 

21  4  ems  =28$ 

284 

22  ems  =  294 

29i 

224  ems  =  30 

30 

23  ems  =  30f 

24  ems  =  32 

30^ 
32 

23J  ems  =  314 
24*  ems  =  32$ 

3H 
324 

25  ems  =  334 

33^ 

254  ems  =  34 

34 

26  ems  =  34f 

344 

264  ems  =  354 

35i 

27  ems  =  36 

36 

.   274ems  =  36§ 

364 

28  ems  =  37  J 

37i 

284  ems  =38 

38 

29  ems  =  38£ 

•   384 

294  em  s=394 

39i 

30  ems  =  40 

40 

304ems=40§ 

404 

USEFUL  INFORMATION. 
RUSSIAN  ALPHABET. 


59 


Name  as 

No. 

Caps. 

L.  c. 

pronounced 
in  English. 

Sound. 

1 

A 

a 

Ah 

a  in  far. 

2 

B 

6 

Bay 

b  in  bed. 

3 

B 

B         Vay 

v  in  vague. 

4 
5 

r 

r 
A 

Gay 
Day 

g  in  gay. 
d  in  day. 

6 

E 

e 

Yea 

ye  in  yell. 

7*\Ty* 
JlV 

>K        Zhay 

z  in  azure. 

o        ,        0 

o           o 

3         Zay                 z  in  zeal. 
H        Ee                   i  in  machine. 

10      il 

ft        Ee 

V  in  year. 

11           T 

i          Ee                   i  in  bit. 

12 

K 

K         Kah                k  in  kite. 

13 

Jl 

ji         El                    1  in  long. 

14 

M 

M      '<  Em                 nrinman. 

15 

H 

H        En                   n  in  no. 

16 

O 

o         0 

o  in  note. 

17 

H 

n 

Pay 

p  in  pay. 

18 

P 

p         Aifr 

r  in  error. 

19 

c 

c       1  Es 

s  in  say. 

20 

T 

T 

Tay                 t  in  tea. 

21 

y 

V 

Oo                   oo  in  boot. 

22 

23 

<D 
X 

A        Ef                   f  in  fold, 
x         Khah              kh(  like  the  German  ch). 

24 
25 
26 

n; 
in 

u, 
m 

Tsay 

Chay 
Shah      ' 

ts  in  hoots, 
ch  in  church, 
sh  in  shawl. 

27 
28 
29 

m 

T> 
LI 

m       Shtshah         shtsh. 
i,        Year1             Always  silent. 
BI        Yearee           u  (like  the  German  u)  . 

30 

Year2              (') 

31 

-B         -fe 

Yat'                ye  in  yea. 

32 

3              3 

Eh                  e  in  met. 

33 
34 

K)            K) 

Yoo                 u  in  union. 
Yah                 ia  in  Christian. 

Orr 

35 

6          e         Feeta              ph  in  philosophy. 

36 

V         v        Eezhitsah      i  in  bit. 

iTweerdee.  2Myakhkee. 

Small  caps:  A  E  i  P  c 

SIGNATURE  MARKS. 


HOUSE   AND   SENATE   DOCS. 

H.  Doc.  73,  58-3 2 

S.  Doc.  57,  58-3 2 

S.  Doc.  57,  58-3,  pt  1 2 

S.  Doc.  57,  58-2,  vol  1 2 

H.  Rep.  120,  58-3 2 

S.  Rep.  100,  58-3 2 


SIGNATURE    FOR    PASTERS. 

Regular    signature    mark  used  on  job, 
adding — 

(To  face  page  — .) 

If    two    or    more    pasters    follow    each 
other — 

(To  face  page  — .)    No.  1,  etc. 

HEARINGS. 

Use    jacket    number    and    some   distin- 
guishing marks,  e.  g.— 

4321— LEG  is— 08 2 


60 


USEFUL  INFORMATION. 


STANDARD  PAGE  MEASUREMENTS. 

[Hand  set.] 
WIDTH   OF   PAGK. 


Measure. 

10-point. 

8-point. 

6-point. 

Census 

51X 

64 

85^ 

Quarto 

&y 

54% 

73 

Statutes 

382^+i/ 

48% 

64% 

Professional  papers 

38% 

48 

64 

Octavo  (document) 

52% 

12mo 

27 

33% 

44% 

LawT 

32% 

General  order 

24% 

30% 

41 

Bill 

45% 

Court  decisions 

27% 

34% 

46% 

Record 

25% 

42% 

i/£  Census 

30%  +H 

4ia 

i/£  Quarto 

21% 

27 

36 

LENGTH   OF   PAGE.a 


Census 

67K 

84 

112 

Quarto 

63% 

106 

Statutes 

60 

75 

100 

Professional  papers 

55 

68% 

Octavo  (document) 

54 

89% 

12mo 

48 

60 

Law 

48 

60 

79i^ 

General  order                        .      .  _    _  . 

48 

63% 

Bill 

63% 

106 

Court  decisions 

49 

61 

Does  not  include  head  or  foot  slug. 


USEFUL   INFOKMATION. 


61 


Standard  page  measurements — Continued. 

[Monotype.] 

'  NARROW. 


Measure. 

6  set. 

8  set. 

10i  set. 

12  set. 

Army  and  Navy                           

461.5 

45^.6 

34*.  6 

30*.  1 

Bill  (regular  and  engrossed) 

2  601.1 

45$ 

34J.2 

30.7 

Enrolled 

73J 

36£.4 

Indorsements                                           --    -    -- 

36i 

27.1 

20^.2 

18.2 

Blue  Book  index  (without  rule)        .   

216|.  1 

12$.  1 

9^.1 

8.7 

Census                                                   --- 

85$ 

64.1 

48J.3 

42*.  5 

Census  bulletin                       .   

2  77  J.I 

57$.  7 

44 

38^.2 

Court  decisions 

46* 

34$.  6 

26.8 

23.5 

Court  of  Claims 

37* 

28.2 

21.6 

18*.  5 

Side  notes 

28f.l 

6J.1 

5 

4.7 

Digest  appropriations 

79i 

59.6 

45.2 

39£.2 

Document                      ' 

53  • 

39$.  4 

30.3 

26* 

Ga/ette  index  and  decisions                         

69J 

52.2 

39^.4 

34^.5 

General  Order                                           ..         

41J 

30$.  7 

23.8 

20^.2 

Jefferson  papers                                       

40| 

30$ 

23.3 

20.6 

Law                                                 

243|.  1 

32$.  5 

24^.8 

21  J.  7 

Side  notes 

28|.  1 

6il 

5 

4.7 

Library  catalogue  slip           

3  48.  2 

36.1 

27.7 

24.1 

Nautical  \lrnanac 

67* 

50i.  1 

38.8 

33*.  5 

Professional  papers 

364.  2 

48 

36* 

32.  1 

Quarto 

73i 

54*.  6 

41  J.  3 

36*.  2 

Record 

3  851.  2 

64.5 

48*.  7 

42*.  7 

65 

48*.  3 

37 

32* 

Side  notes 

311*.2 

8*.  4 

6J.2 

5*.  5 

Tide  tables 

69* 

52.2 

39^.4 

34^.5 

12mo                                                                    

2  45.  1 

33J.  5 

25^  3 

22$ 

BROAD. 


Bill 

106 

79.7 

60.6 

53 

Census 

112 

83*.  7 

63*.  5 

56 

Court  decisions 

811 

60*.  6 

46.4 

40*.  2 

Document 

90 

67.8 

51.4 

45 

General  order 

63| 

47^.4 

36.  5 

31*.  6 

Law                               .           

79J 

59$.  1 

45.5 

39^.5 

Professional  paoers     

91| 

68$.  1 

52.2 

45£.  5 

Quarto 

106 

79.7 

60.6 

53 

Revised  Statutes 

100 

74*.  7 

56*.  8 

50 

12mo 

79£ 

59*.  1 

45.5 

39*.  5 

62X 


USEFUL   INFORMATION. 


Standard, page  measurements— Continued. 

[Monotype.] 
HALF  NARROW. 


Measure. 


6  set. 


8  set. 


Army  and  Navy - !  29| 

Bill j  29i 

Census 41*.  2 

Census  bulletin |  23?i l 

Court  decisions 3  22*.  2 

Digest  appropriations j  39 

Document 25?.  3 

Gazette  decisions,  etc 333|.  2 

General  order I  20 

Law... 22U.l 

Professional  papers !  3  31J.  2 

Quarto -- \  36 

Record 42i 

Revised  Statutes j  *31f .  2 

Specifications 3  33|.  2 

12mo..                                                               321|-2 


22.5 

21*.  6 
31.3 
28.2 
16*.  8 
29.4 
19.4 
25.7 
15 

15*.  8 

23.8 

26*.  8 

31*.  2 

23*.  6 

25.7 

16.6 


set. 


16*.  8 

16*.  3 

23*.  3 
21.7 

12*.  7 
22.4 

14*.  2 
19.6 
11.7 
12.2 

17*.  6 

20* 
24.1 
18.2 
19.6 
12.8 


12  set. 


14.].  6 
141.2 
201.5 
181.5 

11.5 
19*  ' 
121.6 
161.8 

10  | 
101.3 
151.3 

18 

21.1 
151.7 
16*.  8 
101.  7 


NOTE.— Third  narrow:  Census— 6  set,  4  27^.3;  8  set,  20^;  10i  set,  15^.2;  12  set,  13i.3.    Document— 6  setJ 
3 16J  2-  8  set,  12i.2;  10i  set,  9£.l;  12  set,  8.7. 
Superior  figures  indicate  number  of  thicknesses  of  keyboard  paper  to  be  added  to  measure  on  cam 

in§peratora  should  always  give  the  caster  the  6  set  measurement  on  all  measures. 

RONALDSON  MEASURE  NARROW. 

[Use  S-2  stop  bar  and  C-l  layout  on  all  Ronaldson.] 


Measure. 


6  point        8  point   !   10  point     11  point 
(7$  set).  !   (8*set). 


Census 70*  60 

€ourt  decisions !  38.  7  32£.  3 

Document 43|  37.7 

Half  document !  21i  18.2 

General  order \  34.  2  29. 1 

Law \  36i  30*.  5 

Professional  papers j  52£.  6  45. 1 

Quarto 60.7  51£ 

Record..  35  29£.  6 


51.2 
27J.7 
31*.  5 

15.7 
24*.  5 

26.3 

38.6 
43*.  5 

25.6 


46*.  3 
25.  6 ' 

281.5 

14 

22.  7 
23*.  I 
34*.  6 
39*.  7 

23.1 


USEFUL   INFORMATION.  63 

STATES,  TERRITORIES,  AND  COUNTIES. 

Note  the  orthography  in  names  of  the  following  counties: 
Allegany  in  Maryland  and  New  York. 
Alleghany  in  North  Carolina  and  Virginia. 

Allegheny  in  Pennsylvania.  • 

Andrew  in  Missouri. 
Andrews  in  Texas. 
Aransas  in  Texas. 
Arkansas  in  Arkansas. 
Barber  in  Kansas. 

Barbour  in  Alabama  and  West  Virginia. 
Brooke  in  West  Virginia. 
Brooks  in  Georgia. 
Brown  in  all  cases. 
Bulloch  in  Georgia. 
Bullock  in  Alabama. 
Burnet  in  Texas. 
Burnett  in  Wisconsin. 

Clarke  in  Alabama,  Georgia,  Iowa,  Mississippi,  Virginia,   and  Washington;   all 
others  Clark. 

Coffee  in  Alabama,  Georgia,  and  Tennessee/ 
Coffey  in  Kansas. 
Coal  in  Oklahoma. 
Cole  in  Missouri. 
Cook  in  Illinois  and  Minnesota. 
Cooke  in  Texas. 

Davidson  in  North  Carolina  and  Tennessee. 
Davison  in  North  Dakota. 
Davie  in  North  Carolina. 


Daviess  in  Indiana,  Kentucky,  and  Missouri. 
Davis  in  Iowa  and  Utah. 


Dickenson  in  Virginia. 

Dickinson  in  Iowa,  Kansas,  and  Michigan. 

Dickson  in  Tennessee. 

Douglas  in  all  cases. 

Glascock  in  Georgia. 

Glasscock  in  Texas. 

Green  in  Kentucky  and  Wisconsin;  all  others  Greene. 

Johnston  in  North  Carolina  and  Oklahoma;  all  others  Johnson. 

Kearney  in  Nebraska. 

Kearny  in  Kansas. 

Lawrence  in  all  cases. 

Loudon  in  Tennessee. 

Loudoun  in  Virginia. 

Park  in  Colorado  and- Montana. 

Parke  in  Indiana. 

Pottawattamie  in  Iowa. 

Pottawatomie  in  Kansas. 

Sanders  in  Montana. 

Saunders  in  Nebraska. 

Smyth  in  Virginia;  all  others  Smith. 

Stanley  in  South  Dakota. 

Stanly  in  North  Carolina. 

Stark  in  Illinois,  North  Dakota,  and  Ohio. 

Stark e  in  Indiana. 

Stephens  in  Georgia  and  Texas. 

Stevens  in  Kansas,  Minnesota,  and  Washington. 

Storey  in  Nevada. 

Story  in  Iowa. 

Terrell  in  Georgia  and  Texas. 

Tyrrell  in  North  Carolina. 

Vermilion  in  all  cases. 

Woods  in  Oklahoma;  all  others  Wood. 


64 


USEFUL  INFORMATION. 


ALABAMA. 

Autauga. 

Baldwin. 

Harbour. 

Bibb. 

Blount. 

Bullock. 

Butler. 

Calhoun. 

Chambers. 

Cherokee. 

Chilton. 

Choctaw. 

Clarke. 

Clay. 

Cleburne.' 

Coffee. 

Colbert. 

ARIZONA. 

Apache. 
Cochise. 
Coconino. 
Gila. 

ARKANSAS. 

Arkansas. 

Ashley. 

Baxter. 

Benton. 

Boone. 

Bradley. 

Calhoun. 

Carroll. 

Chicot. 

Clark. 

Clay. 

Cleburne. 

Cleveland. 

Columbia. 

Corovay. 

Craighead. 

Crawford. 

Crittenden. 

Cross. 

CALIFORNIA. 

Alameda. 

Alpine. 

Arnador. 

Butte. 

Calaveras. 

Colusa. 

Contra  Costa. 

Del  Norte. 

Eldorado. 

Fresno. 

Glenn. 

Humboldt. 

Imperial. 

Inyo. 

Kern. 

COLORADO. 

Adams. 

Arapahoe. 

Archuleta. 

Baca. 

Bent. 

Boulder. 

Chaftee. 

Cheyenne. 

Clear  Creek. 

Conejos. 

Costilla. 

Custer. 

Delta. 

Denver. 

Dolores. 

CONNECTICUT. 

Fairneld. 
Hartford. 


Conecuh. 

Coosa. 

Covington. 

Crenshaw. 

Cullman. 

Dale. 

Dallas. 

Dekalb. 

Elmore. 

Escambia. 

Etowah. 

Fayette. 

Franklin. 

Geneva. 

Greene. 

Hale. 

Henry. 


Graham. 

Maricopa. 

Mohave. 


Dallas. 

Desha. 

Drew. 

Faulkner. 

Franklin. 

Fulton. 

Garland. 

Grant. 

Greene. 

Hempstead. 

Hot  Spring. 

Howard. 

Independence. 

Izard. 

Jackson. 

Jefferson. 

Johnson. 

Lafayette. 

Lawrence. 


Kings. 
Lake. 


Los  Angeles. 

Madera. 

Marin. 

Mariposa. 

Mendocino. 

Merced. 

Modoc. 

Mono. 

Monterey. 

Napa. 

Nevada. 

Orange. 


Douglas. 

Eagle. 

Elbert. 

El  Paso. 

Fremont. 

Gar  field. 

Gilpin. 

Grand. 

Gunnison. 

Hinsdale. 

Huerfano. 

Jefferson. 

Kiowa. 

Kit  Carson. 

Lake. 


Litchfield. 
Middlesex. 


Houston. 

Jackson. 

Jefferson. 

Lamar. 

Lauderdale. 

Lawrence. 

Lee. 

Limestone. 

Lowndes. 

Macon. 

Madison. 

Marengo. 

Marion. 

Marshall. 

Mobile. 

Monroe.x 

Montgomery. 


Navajo. 

Pima. 

Final. 


Lee. 

Lincoln. 

Little  River. 

Logan. 

Lonqke. 

Madison. 

Marion. 

Miller. 

Mississippi. 

Monroe. 

Montgomery. 

Nevada. 

Newton. 

Ouachita. 

Perry. 

Phillips. 

Pike. 

Poinsett. 

Polk. 


Placer. 
Plumas. 
Riverside. 
Sacramento. 
San  Benito. 
San  Bernardino. 
San  Diego. 
San  Francisco. 
San  Joaquin. 
San  Luis  Obispo. 
San  Mateo. 
Santa  Barbara. 
Santa  Clara. 
Santa  Cruz. 
Shasta. 


La  Plata. 

Larimer. 

Las  Animas. 

Lincoln. 

Logan. 

Mesa. 

Mineral. 

Montezuma. 

Montrose. 

Morgan. 

Otero. 

Ouray. 

Park. 

Phillips. 

Pitkin. 


New  Haven. 
New  London. 


Santa  Cruz. 

Yavapai. 

Yuma. 


Pope. 

Prairie. 

Pulaski. 

Randolph. 

St.  Francis. 

Saline. 

Scott. 

Searcy. 

Sebastian. 

Sevier. 

Sharp. 

Stone. 

Union. 

Van  Buren. 

Washington. 

White. 

Woodruff. 

Yell. 


Sierra. 

Siskiyou. 

Solano. 

Sonoma. 

Stanislaus. 

Sutler. 

Tehama. 

Trinity. 

Tulare. 

Tuolumne. 

Ventura. 

Yolo. 

Yuba. 


Prowers. 

Pueblo. 

Rio  Blanco. 

Rio  Grande. 

Routt. 

Saguache. 

San  Juan. 

San  Miguel. 

Sedgwick. 

Summit. 

Teller. 

Washington. 

Weld. 

Yuma. 


Tolland. 
Windham. 


DELAWARE. 

Kent. 


Newcastle. 


Sussex. 


USEFUL  INFORMATION. 


65 


FLORIDA. 

Alachua. 

Franklin. 

Baker. 

Gadsden  . 

Bradford. 

Hamilton. 

Brevard. 

Hernando. 

Calhoun. 

Hillsboro. 

Citrus. 

Holmes. 

Clay. 

Jackson. 

Columbia. 

Jefferson. 

Dade. 

Lafayette. 

De  Soto. 

Lake. 

Duval. 

Lee. 

Escambia. 

Leon. 

GEORGIA. 

SSfig* 

Dekalb. 
Dodge. 

Baldwin. 

Dooly. 

Banks. 

Dougherty. 

Bartow. 

Douglas.  * 

Ben  Hill. 

Early. 

Berrien. 

Echols. 

Bibb. 

Effingham. 

Brooks. 

Elbert. 

Bryan. 

Emanuel. 

Bulloch. 

Fannin. 

Burke. 

Fayette. 

Butts. 

Floyd. 

Calhoun. 

Foray  th. 

Camden. 

Franklin. 

Campbell. 
Carroll. 

Fulton. 
Gilmer. 

Catoosa. 

Glascock. 

Charlton. 

Glynn. 

Chatham. 

Gordon. 

Chattahoochee. 

Grady. 

Chattooga. 

Greene. 

Cherokee. 

Gwinnett. 

Clarke. 

Habersham. 

Clay. 

Hall. 

Clayton. 

Hancock. 

Clinch. 

Haralson. 

Cobb. 

Harris. 

Coffee. 

Hart. 

Colquitt. 

Heard. 

Columbia. 

Henry. 

Coweta. 

Houston. 

Crawford. 

Irwin. 

Crisp. 

Jackson. 

Dade. 

Jasper. 

Dawson. 

Jeff  Davis. 

Decatur. 

Jefferson. 

HAWAII. 

Hawaii. 

Kauai. 

Kalawao. 

IDAHO. 

Ada. 

Bonner. 

Bannock. 

Canyon. 

Bear  Lake. 

Cassia. 

Bingham. 

Custer. 

Elaine. 

El  more. 

Boise. 

Fremont. 

ILLINOIS. 

Adams. 

Dupage. 

Alexander. 

Edgar. 

Bond. 

Edwards. 

Boone. 

Effingham. 

Brown. 

Fayette. 

Bureau. 

Ford. 

Calhoun. 

Franklin. 

Carroll. 

Fulton. 

Cass. 

Gallatin. 

Champaign. 

Greene. 

Christian. 

Grundy. 

Clark. 

Hamilton. 

Clay. 

Hancock. 

Clinton. 

Hardin. 

Coles. 

Henderson. 

Cook. 

Henry. 

Crawford. 
Cumberland. 

Iroquois. 
Jackson. 

Dekalb. 

Jasper. 

Dewitt. 

Jefferson. 

Douglas. 

Jersey. 

51121—08  5 

Levy. 

Liberty. 

Madison. 

Manatee. 

Marion. 

Monroe. 

Nassau. 

Orange. 

Osceola. 

Pasco. 

Polk. 

Putnam. 


Jenkins. 

Johnson. 

Jones. 

Laurens. 

Lee. 

Liberty, 

Lincoln. 

Lowndes. 

Lumpkin. 

McDuffle. 

Mclntosh. 

Macon. 

Madison. 

Marion. 

•Meri  wether. 

Miller. 

Milton. 

Mitchell. 

Monroe. 

Montgomery. 

Morgan. 

Murray. 

Muscogee. 

Newton. 

Oconee. 

Oglethorpe. 

Paulding. 

Pickens. 

Pierce. 

Pike. 

Polk. 

Pulaski. 

Putnam. 

Quitman. 

Rabun. 

Randolph. 

Richmond. 


Maui. 


Idaho. 

Kootenai. 

Latah. 

Lenihi. 

Lincoln. 

Nez  Perce. 


Jo  Daviess. 

Johnson. 

Kane. 

Kankakee. 

Kendall. 

Knox. 

Lake. 

Lasalle. 

Lawrence. 

Lee. 

Livingston. 

Logan. 

McDonough. 

McHenry. 

McLean. 

Macon. 

Macoupin. 

Madison. 

Marion. 

Marshall. 

Mason. 


St.  John. 

St.  Lucie. 

Santa  Rosa. 

Sumter. 

Suwanee. 

Taylor. 

Volusia. 

Wakulla. 

Walton. 

Washington. 


Rockdale. 

Schley. 

Screven. 

Spalding. 

Stephens. 

Stewart. 

Sumter. 

Talbot. 

Taliaferro. 

Tattnall. 

Taylor. 

Telfair. 

Terrell. 

Thomas. 

Tiit. 

Toombs. 

Towns. 

Troup. 

Turner. 

Twiggs. 

Union. 

Upson. 

Walker. 

Walton. 

Ware. 

Warren. 

Washington. 

Wayne. 

Webster. 

White. 

Whitfield. 

Wilcox. 

Wilkes. 

Wilkinson. 

Worth. 


Oahu. 


Oneida. 
Owyhee. 
Shoshone. 
Twin  Falls. 
Washington. 


Massac. 

Menard. 

Mercer. 

Monroe. 

Montgomery. 

Morgan. 

Moultrie. 

Ogle. 

Peoria. 


Piatt 

Pike. 

Pope. 

Pulaski. 

Putnam. 

Randolph. 

Richland. 

Rock  Island. 

St.  Clair. 

Saline. 

Sangamon. 


66 


USEFUL  INFORMATION. 


ILLINOIS— Continued. 

Schuyler.  Tazewell. 

Scott.  Union. 

Shelby.  Vermilion. 

Stark.  Wabash. 

Stephenson.          .      ,       Warren. 

INDIANA. 

Adams. 

Allen. 

Bartholomew. 

Ben  ton. 

Blackford. 

Boone. 

Brown. 

Carroll. 

Cass. 

Clark. 

Clay. 

Clinton. 

Crawford. 


Dearborn. 

Decatur. 

Dekalb. 

Delaware. 

Dubois. 

Elkhart. 

Fayette. 

Floyd. 

Fountain. 


Franklin. 

Fulton. 

Gibson. 

Grant. 

Greene. 

Hamilton. 

Hancock. 

Harrison. 

Hendricks. 

Henry. 

Howard. 

Huntington. 

Jackson. 

Jasper. 

Jay. 

Jefferson. 

Jennings. 

Johnson. 

Knox. 

Kosciusko. 

Lagrange. 

Lake. 

Laporte. 


Washington. 

Wayne. 

White. 

Whiteside. 

Will. 


Lawrence. 

Madison. 

Marion. 

Marshall. 

Martin. 

Miami. 

Monroe.    \ 

Montgomery. 

Morgan. 

Newton. 

Noble. 

Ohio. 

Orange. 

Owen. 

Parke. 

Perry. 

Pike! 

Porter. 

Posey. 

Pulaski. 

Putnam. 

Randolph. 

Ripley. 


Williamson. 
Winnebago. 
Woodford. 


Rush. 

St.  Joseph. 

Scott. 

Shelby. 

Spencer. 

Starke. 

Steuben. 

Sullivan. 

Switzerland. 

Tippecanoe. 

Tipton. 

Union. 

Vanderburg. 

Vermilion. 

Vigo. 

Wabash. 

Warren. 

Warrick. 

Washington. 

Wayne. 

Wells. 

White. 

Whitley. 


IOWA. 


Adair. 

Adams. 

Allamakee. 

Appanoose. 

Audubon. 

Benton. 

Blackhawk. 

Boone. 

Bremer. 

Buchanan. 

Buena  Vista. 

Butler. 

Calhoun. 

Carroll. 

Cass. 

Cedar. 

€erro  Gordo. 

Cherokee. 

Chickasaw. 

Clarke. 

Clay. 

Clayton. 

Clinton. 

Crawford. 

Dallas. 


KANSAS. 


Allen. 

Anderson. 

Atchison. 

Barber. 

Barton. 

Bourbon. 

Brown. 

Butler. 

Chase. 

Chautauqua. 

Cherokee. 

Cheyenne. 

Clark. 

Clay. 

Cloud. 

Coffey. 

Comanche. 

Cowley. 

Crawford. 

Decatur. 

Dickinson. 

Doniphan. 

Douglas. 

Edwards. 

Elk. 

Ellis. 

Ellsworth. 


Davis. 

Decatur. 

Delaware. 

Des  Moines. 

Dickinson. 

Dubuque. 

Emmet. 

Fayette. 

Floyd. 

Franklin. 

Fremont. 

Greene. 

Grundy. 

Guthrie. 

Hamilton. 

Hancock. 

Hardin. 

Harrison. 

Henry. 

Howard. 

Humboldt. 

Ida. 

Iowa. 

Jackson. 

Jasper. 


Finney. 

Ford. 

Franklin. 

Geary. 

Gove. 

Graham. 

Grant. 

Gray. 

Greeley. 

Greenwood.. 

Hamilton. 

Harper. 

Harvey. 

Haskell. 

Hodgeman. 

Jackson. 

Jefferson. 

Jewell. 

Johnson. 

Kearny. 

Kingman. 

Kiowa. 

Labette. 

Lane. 

Leaven  worth. 

Lincoln. 


Jefferson. 

Johnson. 

Jones. 

Keokuk. 

Kossuth. 

Lee. 

Linn. 

Louisa. 

Lucas. 

Lyon. 

Madison. 

Mahaska. 

Marion. 

Marshall. 

Mills. 

Mitchell. 

Monona, 

Monroe. 

Montgomery. 

Muscatine. 

O'Brien. 

Osceola. 

Page. 

Palo  Alto. 

Plymouth. 


Linn. 

Logan. 

Lyon. 

McPherson. 

Marion. 

Marshall. 

Meade. 

Miami. 

Mitchell. 

Montgomery. 

Morris. 

Morton. 

Nemaha. 

Neosho. 

Ness. 

Norton. 


Osborne. 

Ottawa. 

Pawnee. 

Phillips. 

Pottawatomie. 

Pratt. 

Rawlins. 

Reno. 

Republic. 


Pocahontas. 

Polk. 

Pottawattamie. 

Poweshiek. 

Ringgold. 

Sac. 

Scott. 

Shelby. 

Sioux. 

Story. 

Tama. 

Taylor. 

Union. 

Van  Buren. 

Wapello. 

Warren. 

Washington. 

Wayne. 

Webster. 

Winnebago. 

Winneshiek. 

Woodbury. 

Worth. 

Wright. 


Rice. 

Riley. 

Rooks. 

Rush. 

Russell. 

Saline. 

Scott. 

Sedgwick. 

Seward. 

Shawnee. 

Sheridan. 

Sherman. 

Smith. 

Stafford. 

Stanton . 

Stevens. 

Suinner. 

Thomas. 

Trego. 

Wabaunsee. 

Wallace. 

Washington. 

Wichita. 

Wilson. 

Woodson. 

Wyandotte. 


USEFUL  INFORMATION. 


67 


KENTUCKY. 

Adair. 

Allen. 

Anderson. 

Ballard. 

Barren. 

Bath. 

Bell. 

Boone. 

Bourbon. 

Boyd. 

Boyle. 

Bracken. 

Breathitt. 

Breckinridge. 

Bullitt. 

Butler. 

Caldwell. 

Galloway. 

Campbell. 

Carlisle. 

Carroll. 

Carter. 

Casey. 

Christian. 

Clark. 

Clay. 

Clinton. 

Crittenden. 

Cumberland. 

Daviess. 


Edmonson. 

Elliott. 

Estill. 

Fayette. 

Fleming-. 

Floyd. 

Franklin. 

Fulton. 

Gallatin. 

Garrard. 

Grant. 

Graves. 

Grayson. 

Green. 

Green  up. 

Hancock. 

Hardin. 

Harlan. 

Harrison. 

Hart. 

Henderson. 

Henry. 

Hickman. 

Hopkins. 

Jackson. 

Jefferson. 

Jessamine. 

Johnson. 

Kenton. 

Knott. 


LOUISIANA  (parishes). 

Acadia.  East  Carroll. 

Ascension.  East  Feliciana. 

Assumption.  Franklin. 

Avoyelles.  Grant. 

Bienville.  Iberia. 

Bossier.  Iberville. 

Caddo.  Jackson. 

Calcasieu.  Jefferson. 

Caldwell.  Lafayette. 

Cameron.  Lafourche. 

Catahoula.  Lincoln. 

Claiborne.  Livingston. 

Concordia.  Madison. 

De  Soto.  Morehouse. 

East  Baton  Rouge.  Natchitoches 


MAINE. 

Androscoggin. 
Aroostook. 
Cumberland. 
Franklin. 

MARYLAND. 

Allegany. 
Anne  Arundel. 
Baltimore. 
Baltimore  City. 
Calvert. 
Caroline. 

MASSACHUSETTS. 

Barnstable. 
Berkshire. 
Bristol. 
Dukes. 

MICHIGAN. 

Alcona. 

Alger. 

Allegan. 

Alpena. 

Antrim. 

Arenac. 

Baraga. 

Barry. 

Bay. 

Benzie. 

Berrien. 

Branch. 

Calhoun. 


b 

Hancock. 
Kennebec. 
Knox. 
Lincoln. 


Carroll. 

Cecil. 

Charles. 

Dorchester. 

Frederick. 

Garrett. 


Essex. 
Franklin. 
Hampden. 
Hampshire. 


Cass. 

Charlevoix. 

Cheboygan. 

Chippewa. 

Clare. 

Clinton. 

Crawford. 

Delta. 

Dickinson. 

Eaton. 

Emmet. 

Genesee. 

Gladwin. 


Knox. 

Ohio. 

Larue. 

Oldham. 

Laurel. 

Owen. 

Lawrence. 

Owsley. 

Lee. 

Pendleton. 

Leslie. 
Letcher. 

Perry. 
Pike. 

Lewis. 

Powell. 

Lincoln. 

Pulaski. 

Livingston. 

Robertson. 

Logan. 

Rockcastle. 

Lyon. 
McCracken. 

Rowan.             • 
Russell. 

McLean. 

Scott 

Madison. 
Magoffin. 
Marion. 
Marshall. 
Martin. 

Shelby. 
Simpson. 
Spencer. 
Taylor. 
Todd. 

Mason.  ) 
Meade. 
Menifee. 

Trimble. 
Union 

Mercer. 

Warren. 

Metcalfe. 
Monroe. 
Montgomery. 

Washington. 
Wayne. 
Webster. 

Morgan. 
Muhlenberg. 

Whitley. 
Wolfe. 

Nelson. 
Nicholas. 

Woodford. 

Orleans. 
Ouachita. 
Plaquemines. 
Pointe  Coupee. 
Rapides. 
Red  River. 
Richland. 
Sabine. 

St.  Mary. 
St.  Tammany. 
Tangipahoa. 
Tensas. 
Terrebonne. 
Union. 
Vermilion. 
Vernon. 

St.  Bernard. 
St.  Charles. 

Washington. 
Webster. 

St.  Helena. 
St.  James. 
St.  John  the  Baptist. 
St.  Landry. 

West  Baton  Rouge. 
West  Carroll. 
West  Feliciana. 
Winn. 

St.  Martin. 

Oxford. 
Penobscot. 

Somerset. 
Waldo. 

Piscataquis. 
Sagadahoc. 

Washington. 
York. 

Harford. 
Howard. 

St.  Mary. 
Somerset. 

Kent. 

Talbot. 

Montgomery. 
Prince  George. 
Queen  Anne. 

Washington. 
Wicomico. 
Worcester. 

Middlesex. 
Nantucket. 
Norfolk. 

Suffolk. 
Worcester. 

Plymouth. 

Gogebic. 
Grand  Traverse. 

Kalkaska. 
Kent. 

Gratiot. 
Hillsdale. 

Keweenaw. 
Lake. 

Hough  ton. 
Huron. 
Ingham. 

Lapeer. 
Leelanau. 
Lenawee. 

Ionia, 
losco. 

Livingston. 
Luce. 

Iron. 
Isabella. 

Mackinac. 
Macomb. 

Jackson. 
Kalamazoo. 

Manistee. 
Marquette. 

68 


USEFUL  INFORMATION. 


MICHIGAN— Continued. 


Mason. 

Mecosta. 

Menominee. 

Midland. 

Missaukee. 

Monroe. 

Montcalm. 

Montmorency. 

MINNESOTA. 

Aitkin. 

Anoka. 

Becker. 

Beltrami. 

Benton. 

Bigstone. 

Blue  Earth. 

Brown. 

Carl  ton. 

Carver. 

Cass. 

Chippewa. 

Chisago. 

Clay. 

Clearwaler. 

Cook. 

Cottonwood. 

Crow  Wing. 

Dakota. 

Dodge. 

Douglas. 

Faribault, 


Muskegon. 

Newaygo. 

Oakland. 

Oceana. 

Ogemaw. 

Ontonagon. 

Osceola. 

Oscoda. 


Fillmore. 

Freeborn. 

Goodhue. 

Grant. 

Hennepin. 

Houston. 

Hubbard. 

Isanti. 

Itasca. 

Jackson. 

Kanabec. 

Kandiyohi. 

Kittson. 

Koochiching. 

Lac  qui  Parle. 

Lake. 

Lesueur. 

Lincoln. 

Lyon. 

McLeod. 

Mahnomen. 

Marshall. 


Otsego. 
Ottawa. 
Presque  Isle. 
Roscommon. 
Saginaw. 
St.  Clair. 
St.  Joseph. 
Sanilac. 


Martin. 

Meeker. 

Millelacs. 

Morrison.^ 

Mower. 

Murray. 

Nicollet. 

Nobles. 

Norman. 

Olmsted. 

Ottertail. 

Pine. 

Pipestone. 

Polk. 

Pope. 

Ramsey. 

Red  Lake. 

Redwood. 

Renville. 

Rice. 

Rock. 

Roseau. 


Schoolcraft. 


Tuscola. 
Van  Buren. 
Washtenaw. 
Wayne. 
Wexford. 


St.  Louis. 

Scott. 

Sherburne. 

Sibley. 

Stearns. 

Steele. 

Stevens. 

Swift. 

Todd. 

Traverse. 

Wabasha. 

Wadena. 

Waseca. 

Washington. 

Watonwan. 

Wilkin. 

Winona. 

Wright. 

Yellow  Medicine. 


MISSISSIPPI. 

Adams. 


Amite. 

Attala. 

Benton. 

Bolivar. 

Calhoun. 

Carroll. 

Chickasaw. 

Choc  taw. 

Claiborne. 

Clarke. 

Clay. 

Coahoma. 

Copiah. 

Covington. 

De  So  to. 

Forest. 

Franklin. 

Greene. 


Grenada. 

Hancock. 

Harrison. 

Hinds. 

Holmes. 

Issaquena. 

Itawamba. 

Jackson. 

Jasper. 

Jefferson. 

Jefferson  Davis. 

Jones. 

Kemper. 

Lafayette. 

Lamar. 

Lauderdale. 

Lawrence. 

Leake. 

Lee. 

Leflore. 


Lincoln. 

Lowndes. 

Madison. 

Marion. 

Marshall. 

Monroe. 

Montgomery. 

Neshoba. 

Newton. 

Noxubee. 

Oktibbeha. 

Panola. 

Pearl  River. 

Perry. 

Pike. 

Pontotoc. 

Prentiss. 

Quitman. 

Rankin. 

Scott. 


Sharkey. 

Simpson. 

Smith. 

Sunflower. 

Tallahatchie. 

Tate. 

Tippah. 

Tishomingo. 

Tunica. 

Union. 

Warren. 

Washington. 

Wayne. 

Webster. 

Wilkinson. 

Winston. 

Yalobusha. 

Yazoo. 


MISSOURI. 

Adair. 

Andrew. 

Atchison. 

Audrain. 

Barry. 

Barton. 


Benton. 

Bollinger. 

Boone. 

Buchanan. 

Butler. 

Caldwell. 

Callaway. 

Camden. 

Cape  Girardeau. 

Carroll. 

Carter. 

Cass. 

Cedar. 

Chariton. 

Christian. 

Clark. 

Clay. 

Clinton. 

Cole. 

Cooper. 

Crawford. 

Dade. 


Dallas. 

Daviess. 

Dekalb. 

Dent. 

Douglas. 

Dunklin. 

Franklin. 

Gasconade. 

Gentry. 

Greene. 

Grundy. 

Harrison. 

Henry. 

Hickory. 

Holt. 

Howard. 

Howell. 

Iron. 

Jackson. 

Jasper. 

Jefferson. 

Johnson. 

Knox. 

Laclede. 

Lafayette. 

Lawrence. 

Lewis. 

Lincoln. 

Linn. 


Livingston. 

McDonald. 

Macon. 

Madison. 

Maries. 

Marion. 

Mercer. 

Miller. 

Mississippi. 

Moniteau. 

Monroe. 

Montgomery. 

Morgan. 

New  Madrid. 

Newton. 

Nodaway. 

Oregon. 

Osage. 

Ozark. 

Pemiscot. 

Perry. 

Pettis. 

Phelps. 

Pike. 

Platte. 

Polk. 

Pulaski. 

Putnam. 

Rails. 


Randolph. 

Ray. 

Reynolds. 

Ripley. 

St.  Charles. 

St.  Clair. 

Ste.  Genevieve. 

St.  Francois. 

St.  Louis. 

St.  Louis  City. 

Saline. 

Schuyler. 

Scotland. 

Scott. 

Shannon. 

Shelby. 

Stoddard. 

Stone. 

Sullivan. 

Taney. 

Texas. 

Vernon. 

Warren. 

Washington. 

Wayne. 

Webster. 

Worth. 

Wright. 


USEFUL  INFORMATION. 


69 


MONTANA. 

Beaverhead. 

Deerlodge. 

Broadwater. 
Carbon. 

Fergus. 
Flathead. 

Cascade. 

Gallatin. 

Chouteau. 

Granite. 

Custer. 

Jefferson. 

Dawson. 

Lewis  and  Clark. 

NEBRASKA. 

Adams. 

Deuel. 

Antelope. 

Dixon. 

Banner. 

Dodge. 

Elaine. 

Douglas. 

Boone. 

Dundy. 

Boxbutte. 

Fillmore. 

Boyd. 

Franklin. 

Brown. 

Frontier. 

Buffalo. 

Furcas. 

Burt. 

Gage. 

Butler. 

Garfield. 

Cass. 

Gosper. 

Cedar. 

Grant. 

Chase. 

Greeley. 

Cherry. 

Hall. 

Cheyenne.  ' 
Clav. 

Hamilton. 
Harlan. 

Colfax. 

Hayes. 

Cuming. 

Hitchcock. 

Custer. 

Holt. 

Dakota. 

Hooker. 

Dawes. 

Howard. 

Dawson. 

Jefferson. 

NEVADA. 

Churchill. 

Eureka. 

Douglas. 

Humboldt. 

Elko. 

Lander. 

Esmeralda. 

Lincoln. 

NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 

Belknap. 

Coos. 

Carroll. 

Grafton. 

Cheshire. 

Hillsboro. 

NEW  JERSEY. 

Atlantic. 

Essex.  T, 

Bergen. 

Gloucester. 

Burlington. 
Camden. 

Hudson. 
Hunterdon. 

Cape  May. 
Cumberland. 

Mercer. 
Middlesex. 

NEW  MEXICO. 

Bernalillo. 

Lincoln. 

Chaves. 

Luna. 

Colfax. 

McKInley. 

Dona  Ana. 

Mora. 

Eddy. 

Otero. 

Grant. 
Guadalupe. 

§uay. 
io  Arriba. 

NEW  YORK. 

Albany. 

Fulton. 

Allegany. 

Genesee. 

Broome. 

Greene. 

Cattaraugus. 
Cayuga. 

Hamilton. 
Herkimer. 

Chautauqua. 

Jefferson. 

Chemung. 

Kings. 

Chenango. 
Clinton. 
Columbia. 

Lewis. 
Livingston. 
Madison. 

Cortland. 

Monroe. 

Delaware. 

Montgomery. 

Dutchess. 

Nassau. 

Erie. 

New  York. 

Essex. 

Niagara. 

Franklin. 

Oneida. 

Madison. 

Meagher. 

Missoula. 

Park. 

Powell. 

Ravalli. 

Rosebud. 


Johnson. 

Kearney. 

Keith. 

Keyapaha. 

Kimball. 

Knox, 

Lancaster. 

Lincoln. 

Logan. 

Loup. 

McPherson. 

Madison. 

Merrick. 

Nance. 

Nemaha. 

Nuckolls. 

Otoe. 

Pawnee. 

Perkins. 

Phelps. 

Pierce. 

Platte. 

Polk. 


Lyon. 
Nye. 
Ormsby. 
Store  v." 


Merrimack. 

Rockingham. 

Strafford. 


Monmouth. 

Morris. 

Ocean. 

Passaic. 

Salem. 

Somerset. 


Roosevelt. 
Sandoval. 
San  Juan. 
San  Miguel. 
Santa  Fe. 
Sierra. 
Socorro. 


Onondaga. 

Ontario. 

Orange. 

Orleans. 

Oswego. 

Otsego. 

Putnam. 

Queens. 

Rensselaer. 

Richm6nd. 

Rockland. 

St.  Lawrence. 

Saratoga. 

Schenectady. 

Schoharie. 

Schuyler. 


Sanders. 

Silverbow. 

Sweet  Grass. 

Tetou. 

Valley. 

Yellowstone. 


Redwillow. 

Richardson. 

Rock. 

Saline. 

Sarpy. 

Saunders. 

Scotts  Bluff. 

Seward. 

Sheridan. 

Sherman. 

Sioux. 

Stan  ton. 

Thayer. 

Thomas. 

Thurston. 

Valley. 

Washington. 

Wayne. 

Webster. 

Wheeler. 

York. 


Washoe. 
White  Pine. 


Sullivan. 


Sussex. 
Union. 
Warren. 


Taos. 
Torrance. 
Union. 
Valencia. 


Seneca. 

Steuben. 

Suffolk. 

Sullivan. 

Tioga. 

Tompkins. 

Ulster. 

Warren. 

Washington. 

Wayne. 

Westchester. 

Wyoming. 

Yates. 


70 


USEFUL  INFOBMATION. 


NORTH  CAEOLINA. 

Alamance. 

Alexander. 

Alleghany. 

Anson. 

Ashe. 

Beaufort. 

Bertie. 

Bladen. 

Brunswick. 

Buncombe. 

Burke. 

Cabarrus. 

Caldwell. 

Camden. 

Carteret. 

Caswell. 

Catawba. 

Chatham. 

Cherokee. 

Chowan. 

Clay. 

Cleveland. 

Columbus. 

Craven. 

Cumberland. 

NORTH  DAKOTA. 

Adams. 

Barnes. 

Benson. 

Billings. 

Bottineau. 

Bowman. 

Burleigh. 


Cavalier. 

Dickey. 

Dunn. 


Currituck. 

Dare. 

Davidson. 

Davie. 

Duplin. 

Durham. 

Edgecombe. 

Forsyth. 

Franklin. 

Gaston. 

Gates. 

Graham. 

Granville. 

Greene. 

Guilford. 

Halifax. 

Harnett. 

Haywood. 

Henderson. 

Hertford. 

Hyde. 

Iredell. 

Jackson. 

Johnston. 

Jones. 


Eddy. 

Emmons. 

Foster. 

Grand  Forks. 

Griggs. 

Hettinger. 

Kidder. 

Lamoure. 

Logan. 

McHenry. 

Mclntosh. 


Lenoir. 

Lincoln. 

McDowell. 

Macon. 

Madison. 

Martin. 

Mecklenburg. 

Mitchell. 

Montgomery. 

Moore. 

Nash. 

New  Hanover 

Northampton. 

Onslow. 

Orange.     A 

Pamlico. 

Pasquotank. 

Fender. 

Perquimans. 

Person. 

Pitt. 

Polk. 

Randolph. 

Richmond. 

Robeson. 


McKenzie. 

McLean. 

Mercer. 

Morton. 

Nelson. 

Oliver. 

Pembina. 

Pierce. 

Ramsey. 

Ransom. 

Richland. 


Rockingham. 

Rowan. 

Rutherford. 

Sampson. 

Scotland. 

Stanly. 

Stokes. 

Surry. 

Swain. 

Transylvania. 

Tyrrell. 

Union. 

Vance. 

Wake. 

Warren. 

Washington. 

Watauga. 

Wayne. 

Wilkes. 

Wilson. 

Yadkin. 

Yancey. 


Rolette. 

Sargent. 

Stark. 

Steele. 

Stutsman. 

Towner. 

Trail!. 

Walsh. 

Ward. 

Wells. 

Williams. 


OHIO. 

Adams. 

Allen. 

Ashland. 

Ashtabula. 

Athens. 

Auglaize. 

Belmont. 

Brown. 

Butler. 

Carroll. 

Champaign. 

Clark. 

Clermont. 

Clinton. 

Columbiana. 

Cosh  oc  ton. 

Crawford. 

Cuyahoga. 

Darke. 

Defiance. 

Delaware. 

Erie. 

OKLAHOMA. 

Adair. 

Alfalfa. 

Atoka. 

Beaver. 

Beckham. 

Elaine. 

Bryan. 

Caddo. 

Canadian. 

Carter. 

Cherokee. 

Choctaw. 

Cimarron. 

Cleveland. 

Coal. 

Comanche. 

Craig. 

Creek. 

Custer. 


Fairfield. 

Fayette. 

Franklin. 

Fulton. 

Gallia. 

Geauga. 

Greene. 

Guernsey. 

Hamilton. 

Hancock. 

Hardin. 

Harrison. 

Henry. 

Highland. 

Hocking. 

Holmes. 

Huron. 

Jackson. 

Jefferson. 

Knox. 

Lake. 

Lawrence. 


Delaware. 

Dewey. 

Ellis. 

Garfield. 

Garvin. 

Grady. 

Grant. 

Greer. 

Harper. 

Haskell. 

Hughes. 

Jackson, 

Jefferson. 

Johnston. 

Kay. 

Kingfisher. 

Kiowa. 

Latimer. 

Le  Flore. 


Licking. 

Logan. 

Lorain. 

Lucas. 

Madison. 

Mahonrng. 

Marion. 

Medina. 

Meigs. 

Mercer. 

Miami. 

Monroe. 

Montgomery. 

Morgan. 

Morrow. 

Muskingum. 

Noble. 

Ottawa. 

Paulding. 

Perry. 

Pickaway. 

Pike. 


Lincoln. 

Logan. 

Love. 

McClain. 

McCurtain. 

Mclntosh. 

Major. 

Marshall. 

Mayes. 

Murray. 

Muskogee. 

Noble. 

Nowata. 

Okfuskee. 

Oklahoma. 

Okmulgee. 

Osage. 

Ottawa. 

Pawnee. 


Portage. 

Preble. 

Putnam. 

Richland. 

Ross. 

Sandusky. 

Scioto. 

Seneca. 

Shelby. 

Stark. 

Summit. 

Trumbull. 

Tuscarawas. 

Union. 

Van  Wert. 

Vinton. 

Warren. 

Washington. 

Wayne. 

Williams. 

Wood. 

Wyandot. 


Payne. 

Pittsburg. 

Pontotoc. 

Pottawatomie. 

Pushmataha. 

Roger  Mills. 

Rogers. 

Seminole. 

Sequoyah. 

Stephens. 

Texas. 

Tillman. 

Tulsa. 

Wagoner. 

Washington. 

Washita. 

Woods. 

Woodward. 


USEFUL  INFOEMATION. 


71 


OREGON. 

Baker. 

Gilliam. 

Benton. 

Grant. 

Clackamas. 

Harney. 

Clatsop. 
Columbia. 

Hood  River. 
Jackson; 

Coos. 
Crook. 

Josephine. 
Klamath. 

Curry. 

Lake. 

Douglas. 

Lane. 

PENNSYLVANIA. 

Adams.  . 

Clinton. 

Allegheny. 

Columbia. 

Armstrong. 

Crawford. 

Beaver. 

Cumberland. 

Bedford. 
Berks. 

Dauphin. 
Delaware. 

Blair. 

Elk. 

Bradford. 

Erie. 

Bucks. 
Butler. 

Fayette. 
Forest. 

Cambria. 

Franklin. 

Cameron. 

Fulton. 

Carbon. 

Greene. 

Center. 
Chester. 

Huntingdon. 
Indiana. 

Clarion. 

Jefferson. 

Clearfield. 

Juniata. 

PORTO  RICO. 

Aguadilla. 

Guayama. 

Arecibo. 

Humacao. 

RHODE  ISLAND. 

Bristol. 

Newport. 

Kent. 

SAMOA. 

Manua  Island. 

Tutuila  Island. 

SOUTH  CAROLINA. 

v  Abbeville. 

Chesterfield. 

Aiken. 

Clarendon. 

Anderson. 

Colleton. 

Bamberg. 
Barnwell. 

Darlington. 
Dorchester. 

Beaufort. 

Edgefield. 

Berkeley. 

Fairfield. 

Calhoun. 

Florence. 

Charleston. 
Cherokee. 

Georgetown. 
Greenville. 

Chester. 

Greenwood. 

SOUTH  DAKOTA. 

Armstrong. 

Davison. 

Aurora. 

Day. 

Beadle. 

Deuel. 

Bonhomme. 

Dewey. 

Boreman. 

Douglas. 

Brookings. 

Edmunds. 

Brown. 

Fall  River. 

Brule. 

Faulk. 

Buffalo. 

Grant. 

Butte. 

Gregory. 

Campbell. 

Hamlin. 

Charles  Mix. 

Hand. 

Clark. 

Hanson. 

Clay. 

Hughes. 

Codington. 

Hutchinson. 

Custer. 

Hyde. 

TENNESSEE. 

Anderson. 

Clay. 

Bedford. 

Cocke. 

Benton. 

Coffee. 

Bledsoe. 

Crockett. 

Blount. 

Cumberland. 

Bradley. 

Davidson. 

Campbell. 

Decatur. 

Cannon. 

Dekalb. 

Carroll. 

Dickson. 

Carter. 

Dyer. 

Cheatham. 
Chester. 

Fayette. 
Fentress. 

Claiborne. 

Franklin. 

Lincoln. 

Linn. 

Malheur. 

Marion. 

Morrow. 

Multnomah. 

Polk. 

Sherman. 

Tillamook. 


Umatilla. 

Union. 

Wallowa. 

Wasco. 

Washington. 

Wheeler. 

Yamhill. 


Lackawanna. 

Pike. 

Lancaster. 

Potter. 

Lawrence. 

Schuylkill. 

Lebanon. 

Snyder. 

Lehigh. 

Somerset. 

Luzerne. 

Sullivan. 

Lycoming. 
McKean. 

Susquehanna. 
Tioga. 

Mercer. 

Union. 

Miffiin. 

Venango. 

Monroe. 

Warren. 

Montgomery. 

Washington. 

Montour. 

Wayne. 

Northampton. 
Northumberland. 
Perrv. 

Westmoreland. 
Wyoming. 
York. 

Philadelphia. 

Mayaguez. 

San  Juan. 

Ponce. 

Providence. 


Hampton. 

Horry. 

Kershaw. 

Lancaster. 

Laurens. 

Lee. 

Lexington. 

Marion. 

Marlboro. 

Newberry. 

Oconee. 


Jerauld. 

Kingsbury. 

Lake. 

Lawrence. 

Lincoln. 

Lugenbeel. 

Lyman. 

McCook. 

McPherson. 

Marshall. 

Meade. 

Meyer. 

Miner. 

Minnehaha. 

Moody. 

Penuington. 


Gibson. 

Giles. 

Grainger. 

Greene. 

Grundy. 

Hamblen. 

Hamilton. 

Hancock. 

Hardeman. 

Hardin. 

Hawkins. 

Haywood. 

Henderson. 


Washington. 


Orangeburg. 

Pickens. 

Richland. 

Saluda. 

Spartanburg. 

Sumter. 

Union. 

Williamsburg. 

York. 


Potter. 

Roberts. 

Sanborn. 

Schnasse. 

Shannon. 

Spink. 

Stanley. 

Sully. 

Tripp. 

Turner. 

Union. 

Walworth. 

Washabaugh. 

Yankton. 


Henry. 

Hickman. 

Houston. 

Humphreys. 

Jackson. 

James. 

Jefferson. 

Johnson. 

Knox. 

Lake. 

Lauderdale. 

Lawrence. 

Lewis. 


72 


USEFUL  INFOEMATION. 


TENNESSEE—  Continued. 

Lincoln. 

Mon-tgomery. 

London. 

Moore. 

McMinn. 

Morgan. 

McNairy. 

Obion. 

Macon. 

Overton. 

Madison. 

Perry. 

Marion. 

Pickett. 

Marshall. 

Polk. 

Maurv. 

Putnam. 

Meigs. 

Rhea. 

Monroe. 

Roane. 

TEXAS. 

Anderson. 

Donley. 

Andrews. 

Duval. 

Angelina. 

Eastland. 

Aransas. 

Ector. 

Archer. 

Edwards. 

Armstrong. 

Ellis. 

Atascosa. 

El  Paso. 

Austin. 

Erath. 

Bailey. 

Falls. 

Bandera. 

Fannin. 

Bastrop. 

Fayette. 

Baylor. 

Fisher. 

Bee. 

Floyd. 

Bell. 

Foard. 

Bexar. 

Fort  Bend. 

Blanco. 

Franklin. 

Borden. 

Freestone. 

Bosque. 

Frio. 

Bowie. 

Gaines. 

Brazoria. 

Galveston. 

Brazos. 

Garza. 

Brewster. 

Gillespie. 

Briscoe. 

Glasscock. 

Brown. 

Goliad. 

Burleson. 

Gonzales. 

Burnet. 

Gray. 

Caldwell. 

Grayson. 

Calhoun. 

Gregg. 

Callahan. 

Grimes. 

Cameron. 
Camp. 

Guadalupe. 
Hale. 

Carson. 

Hall. 

Cass. 

Hamilton. 

Castro. 

Hansford. 

Chambers. 

Hardeman. 

Cherokee. 

Hardin. 

Childress. 

Harris. 

Clay. 

Harrison. 

Cochran. 

Hartley. 

Coke. 

Haskell. 

Coleman. 

Hays. 

Collin. 

Hemphill. 

Collingsworth. 

Henderson. 

Colorado. 

Hidalgo. 

Comal. 

Hill. 

Comanche. 

Hockley. 

Concho. 

Hood. 

Cooke. 

Hopkins. 

Coryell. 

Houston. 

Cottle. 

Howard. 

Crane. 

Hunt. 

Crockett. 

Hutchinson. 

Crosby. 

Irion. 

Dallam. 

Jack. 

Dallas. 

Jackson. 

Dawson. 

Jasper. 

Deaf  Smith. 

Jeff  Davis. 

Delta. 

Jefferson. 

Denton. 

Johnson. 

Dewitt. 

Jones. 

Dickens. 

Karnes. 

Dimmit. 

Kaufman. 

UTAH. 

Beaver. 

Grand. 

Boxelder. 

Iron. 

Cache. 

Juab. 

Carbon. 

Kane. 

Davis. 

Millard. 

Emery. 

Morgan. 

Garfield. 

Piute. 

Robertson. 

Rutherford. 

Scott. 

Sequatchie. 

Sevier.     ' 

Shelby. 

Smith. 

Stewart. 

Sullivan. 

Sumner. 

Tip  ton. 


Kendall.  v> 

Kent. 

Kerr. 

Kimble. 

King. 

Kinnev. 

Knox.' 

Lamar. 

Lamb. 

Lampasas. 

Lasalle. 

Lavaca. 

Lee. 

Leon. 

Liberty. 

Limestone. 

Lipscomb. 

Live  Oak. 

Llano. 

Loving. 

Lubbock. 

Lynn. 

McCulloch. 

McLennan. 

McMullen. 

Madison. 

Marion. 

Martin. 

Mason. 

Matagorda. 

Maverick. 

Medina. 

Menard. 

Midland. 

Milam. 

Mills. 

Mitchell. 

Montague. 

Montgomery. 

Moore. 

Morris. 

Motley. 

Nacogdoches. 

Nayarro. 

Newton. 

Nolan. 

Nueces. 

Ochiltree. 

Oldham, 

Orange. 

Palo  Pinto. 

Panola. 

Parker. 

Farmer. 

Pecos. 

Polk. 

Potter. 

Presidio. 

Rains. 

Randall. 

Reagan. 

Red  River. 


Rich. 

Salt  Lake. 

San  Juan. 

Sanpete. 

Sevier. 

Summit. 

Tooele. 


Trousdale. 

Unicoi. 

Union. 

Van  Buren. 

Warren. 

Washington. 

Wayne. 

Weaklev. 

White.  ' 

Williamson. 

Wilson. 


Reeves. 

Refugio. 

Roberts. 

Robertson. 

Rockwall. 

Runnels. 

Rusk. 

Sabine. 

San  Augustine. 

San  Jacinto. 

San  Patricio. 

San  Saba. 

Schleicher. 

Scurry. 

Shackelford. 

Shelby. 

Sherman. 

Smith. 

Somervell. 

Starr. 

Stephens. 

Sterling. 

Stonewall. 

Sutton. 

Swisher. 

Tarrant. 

Taylor. 

Terrell. 

Terry. 

Throckmorton. 

Titus. 

Tom  Green. 

Travis. 

Trinity. 

Tyler. 

Upshur. 

Upton. 

Uvalde. 

Valverde. 

Van  Zandt. 

Victoria. 

Walker. 

Waller. 

Ward. 

Washington. 

Webb. 

Wharton. 

Wheeler. 

Wichita. 

Wilbarger. 

Williamson. 

Wilson. 

Winkler. 

Wise. 

Wood. 

Yoakum. 

Young. 

Zapata. 

Zavalla. 


Uinta. 

Utah. 

Wasatch. 

Washington. 

Wayne. 

Weber. 


USEFUL  INFOKMATION. 


73 


VERMONT. 

Addison. 

Essex. 

Bennington. 

Franklin. 

Caledonia. 

Grand  Isle. 

Chittenden. 

Lamoille. 

VIRGINIA. 

Accomac. 

Dickenson. 

Albemarle. 

Dinwiddie. 

Alexandria. 

Elizabeth  City. 

Alleghany. 

Essex. 

Amelia. 

Fairfax. 

Amherst. 

Fauquier. 

Appomattox. 

Augusta. 

Floyd. 
Fluvanna. 

Bath. 

Franklin. 

Bedford. 

Frederick. 

Bland. 

Giles. 

Botetourt. 

Gloucester. 

Brunswick. 

Goochland. 

Buchanan. 

Grayson. 

Buckingham. 
Campbell. 

Greene. 
Greenesville. 

Caroline. 

Halifax. 

Carroll. 

Hanover. 

Charles  City. 

Henrico. 

Charlotte. 

Henry. 

Chesterfield. 

Highland. 

Clarke. 

Isle  of  Wight. 

Craig. 

James  City. 

Culpeper. 
Cumberland. 

King  and  Queen. 
King  George. 

WASHINGTON. 

Adams. 

Ferry. 

Asotin. 

Franklin. 

Benton. 

Garfield. 

Chehalis. 

Island. 

Chelan. 

Jefferson. 

Clallam. 

King. 

Clarke. 

Kitsap. 

Columbia. 

Kittitas. 

Cowlitz. 

Klickitat. 

Douglas. 

Lewis. 

WEST  VIRGINIA. 

Barbour. 

Hancock. 

Berkeley. 
Boone. 

Hardy.  } 
Harrison. 

Braxton. 

Jackson. 

Brooke. 

Jefferson. 

Cabell. 

Kanawha. 

Calhoun. 

Lewis. 

Clay. 

Lincoln. 

Doddridge. 
Fayette. 

Logan. 
McDowell. 

Gilmer. 

Marion. 

Grant. 

Marshall.    0 

Greenbrier. 

Mason. 

Hampshire. 

Mercer. 

WISCONSIN. 

Adams. 

Florence. 

Ashland. 

Fond  du  Lac. 

Barron. 

Forest. 

Bayfleld. 

Grant. 

Brown. 

Green. 

Buffalo. 

Green  Lake. 

Burnett. 

Iowa. 

Calumet. 

Iron. 

Chippewa. 

Jackson. 

Clark. 

Jefferson. 

Columbia. 

Juneau. 

Crawford  . 

Kenosha. 

Dane. 

Kewaunee. 

Dodge. 

La  Crosse. 

Door. 

Lafayette. 

Douglas. 

Langlade. 

Dunn. 

Lincoln. 

Eau  Claire. 

Manitowoc. 

WYOMING. 

Albany. 

Crook. 

Bighorn. 

Fremont. 

Carbon. 

Johnson. 

Converse, 

Laramie. 

Orange. 

Windham. 

Orleans. 

Windsor. 

Rutland. 

Washington. 

King  William. 
Lancaster. 

Princess  Anne. 
Prince  William. 

Lee. 

Pulaski. 

Loudoun. 
Louisa. 

Rappahannock. 
Richmond. 

Lunenburg. 
Madison. 

Roanoke. 
Rockbridge. 

Mathews. 

Rockingham. 

Mecklenburg. 
Middlesex. 

Russell. 
Scott. 

Montgomery. 
Nansemond. 

Shenandoah. 
Smyth. 

Nelson.  5 
New  Kent. 

Southampton. 
Spottsylvania. 

Norfolk. 

Stafford. 

Northampton. 

Surry. 

Northumberland. 

Sussex. 

Nottoway. 

Tazewell. 

Orange. 

Warren. 

Page. 

Warwick. 

Patrick. 
Pittsylvania. 

Washington. 
Westmoreland. 

Powhatan. 

Wise. 

Prince  Edward. 

Wythe. 

Prince  George. 

York. 

Lincoln. 

Stevens. 

Mason. 

Thurston. 

Okanogan. 
Pacific. 

Wahkiakum. 
Wallawalla. 

Pierce. 

Whatcom. 

San  Juan. 

Whitman. 

Skagit. 

Yakima. 

Skamania. 

Snohomish. 

Spokane. 

Mineral. 

Ritchie. 

Mingo. 

Roane. 

Monongalia. 
Monroe. 

Summers. 
Taylor. 

Morgan. 

Tucker. 

Nicholas. 

Tyler. 

Ohio. 
Pendleton. 

Upshur. 
Wayne. 

Pleasants. 

Webster. 

Pocahontas. 

Wetzel. 

Preston. 

Wirt. 

Putnam. 

Wood. 

Raleigh. 

Wyoming. 

Randolph. 

Marathon. 

St.  Croix. 

Marinette. 

Sank. 

Marquette. 

Sawyer. 

Milwaukee. 

Shawano. 

Monroe. 

Sheboygan. 

Oconto. 

Taylor. 

Oneida. 
Outagamie. 

Trempealeau. 
Vernon. 

Ozaukee. 

Vilas. 

Pepin. 

Wai  worth. 

Pierce. 

Washburn. 

Polk. 

Washington. 

Portage. 
Price. 

Waukesha. 
Waupaca. 

Racine. 

Waushara. 

Richland. 

Winnebago. 

Rock. 

Wood. 

Rusk. 

National  Park  Reser- 

Sweetwater. 

vation. 

Uinta. 

Natrona. 

Weston. 

Sheridan, 

USEFUL    INFORMATION. 


TITLES  OF  RAILROADS. 

Following  is  a  partial  list  of  the  railroads  in  the  United  States.  In  abbreviating, 
use  the  initial  letters,  except  St.  for  Saint;  Ste.  for  Sainte;  Ft.  for  Fort;  S.  W., 
N.  W.,  etc.,  for  Southwestern,  Northwestern,  etc.;  R.  R.  for  Railroad;  Ry.  for  Rail- 


R. for  Minneapolis  and  St.  Louis  Railroad.  The  exception  to  the  foregoing  rule  is 
the  Maine  Central  Railroad,  the  abbreviation  for  which  is  Me.  C.  R.  R.;  the 
Michigan  Central  Railroad  having  the  abbreviation  M.  C.  R.  R. 


Aberdeen  and  Asheboro  Railroad. 

Alabama  and  Vicksburg  Railway. 

Alabama  Great  Southern  Railroad. 

Ann  Arbor  Railroad. 

Apalachicola  Northern  Railroad. 

Arizona  and  New  Mexico  Railway  Company.! 

Astoria  and  Columbia  River  Railway  Company. 

Atchison,  Topeka  and  Santa  Fe  Railway. 

Atlanta  and  Birmingham  Air  Line  Railway. 

Atlanta  and  West  Point  Railroad. 

Atlanta,  Birmingham  and  Atlantic  Railroad. 

Atlantic  City  Railroad. 

Atlantic  Coast  Line  Railroad. 

Augusta  Southern  Railroad. 

Baltimore  and  Ohio  Railroad. 

Baltimore,  Chesapeake  and  Atlantic  Railway. 

Bangor  and  Aroostook  Railroad. 

Beaumont  and  Great  Northern  Railroad. 

Bellingham  Bay  and  British  Columbia  Railroad 

Company. 

Bessemer  and  Lake  Erie  Railroad. 
Boston  and  Maine  Railroad. 
Buffalo  and  Susquehanna  Railway. 
Buffalo,  Rochester  and  Pittsburgh  Railway. 
Butte,  Anaconda  and  Pacific  Railway. 

Canadian  Pacific  Railway. 

Carolina  and  Northwestern  Railway. 

Carolina,  Clinchfield  and  Ohio  Railway. 

Central  Branch  Railway  Company. 

Central  Indiana  Railway. 

Central  of  Georgia  Railway. 

Central  Railroad  of  New  Jersey. 

Central  Vermont  Railway. 

Charleston  and  Western  Carolina  Railway. 

Chattanooga  Southern  Railroad. 

Chesapeake  and  Ohio  Railway. 

Chicago  and  Alton  Railroad. 

Chicago  and  Eastern  Illinois  Railroad. 

Chicago  and  Erie  Railroad. 

Chicago  and  Northwestern  Railway  Company. 

Chicago,  Burlington  and  Quincy  Railroad  Com- 
pany. 

Chicago,  Cincinnati  and  Louisville  Railroad. 

Chicago  Great  Western  Railway  Company. 

Chicago,  Indiana  and  Southern  Railroad. 

Chicago,  Indianapolis  and  Louisville  Railway. 

Chicago,  Kalamazoo  and  Saginaw  Railway. 

Chicago,  Lake  Shore  and  Eastern  Railway  Com- 
pany. 

Chicago,  Milwaukee  and  St.  Paul  Railway  Com- 
pany. 

Chicago,  Peoria  and  St.  Louis  Railway  of  Illinois. 

Chicago,  Rock  Island  and  El  Paso  Railway  Com- 
pany. 

Chicago,  Rock  Island  and  Gulf  Railway  Company. 

Chicago,  Rock  Island  and  Pacific  Railway  Com- 
pany. 

Chicago,  St.  Paul,  Minneapolis  and  Omaha  Rail- 
way Company. 

Chicago  Southern  Railway  Company. 

Chicago  Terminal  Transfer  Railroad  C9mpany. 

Cincinnati  and  Muskingum  Valley  Railroad. 

Cincinnati,  Hamilton  and  Dayton  Railway. 

Cincinnati,  New  Orleans  and  Texas  Pacific  Rail- 
way. 

Cincinnati  Northern  Railroad. 

Cleveland,  Akron  and  Columbus  Railway. 

Cleveland,  Cincinnati,  Chicago  and  St.  Louis 
Railway. 

Coal  and  Coke  Railway. 

Colorado  and  Southern  Railway  Company. 

Colorado  and  Wyoming  Railway  Cony>any. 


Colorado  Midland  Railway  Company. 
:  Columbia  and  Puget  Sound  Railroad  Company. 

Columbia,  Newberry  and  Laurens  Railroad. 
;  Copper  Range  Railroad. 

Corvallis  and  Eastern  Railroad  Company. 
i  Cumberland  and  Pennsylvania  Railroad. 
I  Cumberland  Valley  Railroad. 

|  Danville  and  Western  Railway. 

j  Delaware  and  Eastern  Railway. 

i  Delaware  and  Hudson  Company. 

I  Delaware,  Lackawanna  and  Western  Railroad. 

!  Denver  and  Rio  Grande  Railroad  Company. 

Denver,  Northwestern  and  Pacific  Railway. 
I  Detroit  and  Mackinac  Railway. 

Detroit,  Grand  Haven  and  Milwaukee  Railway. 

Detroit,  Toledo  and  Ironton  Railway. 

Des  Moines,  Iowa  Falls  and  Northern  Railway. 

Duluth  and  Iron  Range  Railroad. 

Duluth  and  Northern  Minnesota  Railway. 

Duluth  and  Northeastern  Railroad. 

Duluth,  Missabe  and  Northern  Railway. 

Duluth,  South  Shore  and  Atlantic  Railway. 

Dunkirk,  Allegheny  Valley  and  Pittsburgh  Rail- 
road. 

Eastern  Railway  of  New  Mexico. 
Elgin,  Joliet  and  Eastern  Railway. 
El  Paso  and  Southwestern  Company. 
Erie  Railroad. 

Escanaba  and  Lake  Superior  Railroad. 
Eureka  and  Palisade  Railway  Company. 
Evansville  and  Indianapolis  Railroad. 
Evansville  and  Terre  Haute  Railroad. 

Florida  Central  Railroad. 

Florida  East  Coast  Railway. 

Florida  Railway. 

Fonda,  Johnstown  and  Gloversville  Railroad. 

Fort  Smith  and  Western  Railroad  Company. 

Fort  Worth  and  Denver  City  Railway  Company. 

Fort  Worth  and  Rio  Grande  Railway  Company. 

Georgia  and  Florida  Railway. 

Georgia  Coast  and  Piedmont  Railroad. 

Georgia,  Florida  and  Alabama  Railway. 

Georgia  Northern  Railway  of  Georgia. 

Georgia  Railroad. 

Georgia  Southern  and  Florida  Railway. 

Gila  Valley,  Globe  and  Northern  Railway  Com- 
pany. 

Grand  Canyon  Railway  Company. 

Grand  Rapids  and  Indiana  Railway. 

Grand  Trunk  Railway  of  Canada. 

Grand  Trunk  Western  Railway. 
j  Great  Northern  Railway. 

Green  Bay  and  Western  Railroad. 

Gulf  and  interstate  Railway  Company  of  Texas. 
1  Gulf  and  Ship  Island  Railroad. 

Gulf,  Colorado  and  Santa  Fe  Railway  Company. 

Gulf  Line  Railway. 

Hocking  Valley  Railway. 

Houston  and  Texas  Central  Railroad  Company. 

Houston  East  and  West  Texas  Railway  Company. 

Idaho  and  Washington  Northern  Railroad  Com- 


pany. 
dah 


Idaho  Northern  Railway  Company. 

Illinois  Central  Railroad. 

Illinois,  Iowa  and  Minnesota  Railway. 

Illinois  Southern  Railway. 

International  and  Great  Northern  Railroad  Com- 

pany. 
Iowa  Central  Railway. 


USEFUL    INFOEMATION. 


Kansas  City,  Clinton  and  Springfield  Railway 
Company. 

Kansas  City,  Mexico  and  Orient  Railway  Com- 
pany. 

Kansas  City  Southern  Railway  Company. 

Kansas  City  Southwestern  Railway  Company. 

Lake  Erie  and  Western  Railroad. 

Lake  Shore  and  Michigan  Southern  Railway. 

Lancaster  and  Chester  Railway. 

Las  Vegas  and  Tonopah  Railroad  Company. 

Leayenworth  and  Topeka  Railway  Company 

Lehigh  and  Hudson  River  Railway. 

Lehigh  and  New  England  Railroad. 

Lehigh  Valley  Railroad. 

Lexington  and  Eastern  Railway. 

Long  Island  Railroad. 

Louisiana  and  Arkansas  Railway  Company 

Louisiana  and  Northwest  Railroad  Company. 

Louisiana  Railway  and  Navigation  Company 

Louisiana  Western  Railroad  Company 

Louisville  and  Atlantic  Railroad. 

Louisville  and  Nashville  Railroad. 

Louisville,  Henderson  and  St.  Louis  Railway. 

Macon  and  Birmingham  Railway. 
Macon,  Dublin  and  Savannah  Railroad 
Maine  Central  Railroad. 
Manistee  and  Grand  Rapids  Railroad. 
Manistee  and  Luther  Railroad. 
Manistee  and  Northeastern  Railroad. 
Manistique  Railway. 
Maryland  and  Pennsylvania  Railroad. 
Michigan  Central  Railroad. 
Midland  Valley  Railroad  Company. 
Minneapolis  and  St.  Louis  Railroad. 
Minneapolis,  St.  Paul  and  Sault  Ste.  Marie  Rail- 
way. 

Minnesota  and  International  Railway. 
Mississippi  Central  Railroad. 
Mississippi  River  and  Bonne  Terre  Railway. 
Missouri  and  North  Arkansas  Railroad  Company 
Missouri,  Kansas  and  Texas  Railway  Company. 
Missouri,  Oklahoma  and  Gulf  Railway  Company 
Missouri  Pacific  Railway  Company. 
Missouri  Southern  Railroad  Company. 
Mobile  and  Ohio  Railroad. 
Mobile,  Jackson  and  Kansas  City  Railroad. 
Montana  Central  Railway. 
Montana  Railroad. 
Morgan's  Louisiana  and   Texas   Railroad   and 


Steamship  Company. 
Munising  Railway. 


Nashville,  Chattanooga  and  St.  Louis  Railway. 
Nevada  and  California  Railway  Company. 
Nevada-California-Oregon  Railway. 
Nevada  Central  Railroad  Company  (The) 
Nevada  Northern  Railway  Company. 
New  Orleans  Great  Northern  Railroad 
Newton  and  Northwestern  Railroad. 
New  York  and  Pennsylvania  Railway 
New  York  Central  and  Hudson  Rivt  r  Railroad. 
New  York,  Chicago  and  St.  Louis  Railroad. 
New  York,  New  Haven  and  Hartford  Railroad 
New  York,  Ontario  and  Western  Railway 
New  York,  Philadelphia  and  Norfolk  Railroad 
New  York,  Susquehanna  and  Western  Railroad. 
Norfolk  and  Southern  Railway. 
Norfolk  and  Western  Railway. 
Northern  Alabama  Railway. 
Northern  Central  Railwav. 
Northern  Pacific  Railway. 
Northwestern  Pacific  Railroad  Company. 

Ohio  River  and  Western  Railway. 
Oklahoma  Central  Railway  Company. 
Oregon  Railroad  and  Navigation  Company. 
Oregon  Short  Line  Railroad  Company. 

Pacific  and  Idaho  Northern  Railway  Company 
Pacific  Coast  Railway  Company. 
Pennsylvania  Company. 
Pennsylvania  Railroad. 
Peoria  and  Eastern  Railway. 


Pere  Marquette  Railroad. 
Philadelphia  and  Reading  Railway. 
Philadelphia,  Baltimore  and  Washington  Rail- 
Pittsburgh  and  Lake  Erie  Railroad. 
Pittsburgh,   Cincinnati,   Chicago   and  St.  Louis 

Railway. 

Pittsburg,  Shawmut  and  Northern  Railroad 
Pontiac,  Oxford  and  Northern  Railroad. 

Quincy,  Omaha  and  Kansas  City  Railroad. 

Reading  and  Columbia  Railroad. 

Richmond,  Fredericksburg  and  Potomac  Rail- 

ro£LG, 

Rio  Grande  Southern  Railroad  Company 
Rutland  Railroad. 

St.  Joseph  and  Grand  Island  Railway. 

St.  Johnsbury  and  Lake  Champlain  Railroad 

St.  Louis  and  Hannibal  Railway. 

St.  Louis  and  San  Francisco  Railroad  Company 

St.  Louis,  Brownsvilleand  Mexico  Railway  Com- 

St.  Louis,  Iron  Mountain  and  Southern  Railway 

Company. 
St.  Louis,  San  Francisco  and  Texas  Railway  Com- 

St.  Louis  Southwestern  Railway  Company. 

St.  Louis   Southwestern   Railway   Company  of 

San  Antonio  and  Aransas  Pass  Railway  Company. 

Sandy  River  and  Rangeley  Lakes  Railroad. 

San  Pedro,  Los  Angeles  and  Salt  Lake  Railroad 
Company. 

Santa  Fe  Central  Railway  Company. 

Santa  Fe,  Prescott  and  Phoenix  Railway  Com- 
pany. 

Seaboard  Air  Line  Railway. 

Southern  Indiana  Railway  Company. 

Southern  Kansas  Railway  Company  of  Texas 

Southern  Pacific  Company. 

Southern  Railway. 

South  Georgia  Railway. 

Spokane,  Portland  and  Seattle  Railway  Company 

Susquehanna  and  New  York  Railroad. 

Texas  and  Gulf  Railway  Company. 
Texas  and  New  Orleans  Railroad  Company. 
Texas  and  Pacific  Railway  Company. 
Texas  Central  Railroad  Company 
Texas  Midland  Railroad. 
Texas  Mexican  Railway  Company. 
Texas  Southern  Railway  Company 
Tidewater  and  Western  Railroad. 
Toledo  and  Ohio  Central  Railway. 
Toledo  and  Western  Railroad.     " 
Toledo,  Peoria  and  Western  Railway. 
Toledo,  Saginaw  and  Muskegon  Railway. 
Toledo,  St.  Louis  and  Western  Railroad 
Tombigbee  Valley  Railroad. 

Ulster  and  Delaware  Railroad 
Union  Pacific  Railroad. 

Vandalia  Railroad. 

Vicksburg,  Shreveport  and  Pacific  Railway  Com- 
pany. 

Virginia  and  Southwestern  Railway. 
Virginian  Railway. 

Wabash  Railroad. 
Western  Maryland  Railroad. 
Western  Pacific  Railway  Company. 
Western  Railway  of  Alabama. 
West  Jersey  and  Sea  Shore  Railroad. 
Wheeling  and  Lake  Erie  Railroad. 
Wichita  Valley  Railway  Company 
Wisconsin  and  Michigan  Railway. 
Wisconsin  Central  Railway. 
Wrightsville  and  Tennille  Railroad. 
Wyoming  and  Northwestern  Railway. 

Yazoo  and  Mississippi  Valley  Railroad. 


YO  USEFUL    INFORMATION. 

VOCABULARY  OF  DOUBLE  WORDS. 

Prefixes  are  in  bold-faced  type.  When  a  suffix  is  preceded  by  a  hyphen  use  the 
hyphen;  if  not,  then  make  one  word. 

'"The  rest  take  the  hyphen,"  "the  rest  one  word,"  etc.,  mean  all  others  of  the 
class  found  in  Webster's  International  Dictionary,  from  which  this  list  was  made 
and  to  which  have  been  added  a  few  office  decisions. 

Double  words  not  found  in  this  vocabulary  or  in  the  International  Dictionary 
should  be  separated  by  a  space  unless  instructions  be  given  otherwise. 

Many  technical  words  pertaining  to  the  animal,  mineral,  and  vegetable  kingdoms, 
as  well  as  rare  and  obsolete  words,  have  been  omitted  from  this  list.  Writers  on 
scientific  subjects  usually  insist  on  an  individual  "styje." 

Preferred  spellings  are  not  indicated. 

The  abbreviation  (a),  for  adjective;  (adv.),  for  adverb;  (n. ),  for  noun;  or  (v.), 
for  verb  after  a  word  restricts  the  use  of  the  word  to  the  part  of  speech  indicated. 

Plurals  are  omitted,  as  acre-foot  (acre-feet),  foot-pound  (foot-pounds). 


A. 


able;  compound  all  double  words. 

aboveboard,  deck,  said;  the  rest  take  the  hy- 
phen. 

absent;  compound  all  double  words. 

acorn-shell. 

acre-foot. 

actiiio-chemistry;  the  rest  one  word. 

acute-angled. 

addle-brain,  -brained,  -head,  -headed,  -pate, 
-pated,  -patedness. 

ad  j  utant-general . 

testho-physiology. 

after  (when  meaning  a  time  to  come  make  two 
words;  other  words  not  given  take  the  hyphen) 
birth,  brain,  cast,  clap,  crop,  eye,  game,  glow, 
grass,  growth,  guard,  math,  most,  noon,  pains, 
piece,  shaft,  taste,  thought,  wise. 

aftmost. 

ahorseback. 

ald-de-camp,  -major. 

air-tight;  adjectives  take  hyphen. 

alcoholmeter,  ometer. 

alebench,  berry,  cost,  hoof,  house,  -knight, 
taster,  wife. 

alkalimeter. 

allbone,good,-hail  (v.), heal,  mouth, -possessed, 
seed,  spice,  where,  work  (n.). 

alleyway. 

a  I  ins:  all  one  word. 

alongshore,  side. 

alpenstock. 

altarpiece. 

alto-cumulus,  -rilievo,  -stratus. 

amidships. 

amperemeter,  amperemeter. 

aniylo  (prefix);  all  one  word. 

anchor-hold. 

andiron. 

anglemeter,  worm. 

aiiiilo  (prefix);  all  one  word,  unless  followed  by 
cap,  when  use  hyphen. 

ant-bear,  -cattle,  -eater,  -hill,  -lion;  when 
meaning  anti,  all  one  word. 

ante-act,  -mortem;  the  rest  one  word. 

anti-trade;  the  rest  one  word,  unless  followed 
by  cap,  when  use  hyphen. 

anybody,  how,  one,  thing,  thingarian,  way, 
where,  whither,  wise. 

apple-faced,  -jack,  -John. 

aquamarine,  puncture,  tint. 

aqueo-igneous. 

arc-boutant. 

arch,  a  r<-li I  (prefix  for  chief);  all  one  word. 

arehband,  way. 

argillo  (prefix);  takes  the  hyphen. 

argus-eyed. 

aristo;  all  one  word  except  aristo  paper. 

armchair,  hole,  pit,  rack. 

armor-bearer,  -plated. 

arrowhead,  root,  wood,  worm. 

arsesmart. 

artilleryman. 

ash-fire,  -furnace,  -oven,  weed. 


assemblyman. 

astro  (prefix);  all  one  word. 

athwartships. 

attorney-general . 

auto-da-fe,  -infection,  -inoculation,  -intoxica- 
tion; the  rest  one  word. 

avant-courier,  -guard. 

away-going. 

awe-stricken,  -struck. 

awl-shaped,  wort. 

axbreaker,  fitch,  man,  stone. 

axletree. 

aye-aye,  green. 

B. 

babyhouse. 

backache,  band,  bite,  biter,  biting,  -blocker, 
board,  bond,  bone,  boned,  cast,  door  (a.),  down, 
fall,  friend,  furrow,  gammon,  ground,  hand, 
handed,  house,  joint,  lash,  log,  piece,  plate,  saw, 
set,  settler,  side  (the  rump),  sight,  slide,  slider, 
sliding,  staff,  stairs  (a.),  stay,  stitch,  -strapped, 
sword,  tack,  wash,  water,  woods,  woodsman, 
worm,  wort. 

bagman,  nut,  pipe,  piper,  reef,  room,  wig,  worm. 

baggageman. 

bailpiece. 

bain-marie. 

bakehouse. 

balance-reef. 

bald-faced,  head,  headed,  money,  pate,  pated, 
rib. 

ballfish,  -flower,  proof,  room. 

bandbox,  master. 

bankside,  -sided. 

barfish,  keeper,  maid,  master,  mote,  post,  room, 
tender,  way,  wood. 

bare  (prefix);  all  one  word. 

barge  (prefix);  all  one  word. 

barkbound. 

barleybrake,  -bree,  corn. 

barnburner,  stormer,  storming,  yard, 
i  baseball,  board,  born,  -burner,  -court. 
I  basket  wood. 
!  bas-relief. 
[  basso-rilievo. 
i   bass  wood. 

batfish,  fowler,  fowling,  horse,  man  wing. 

bathroom. 

batsman. 

bat's-wing. 

battering-ram. 

battle-ax,  door,  field. 

bawdyhouse. 

bay-antler,  berry,  bolt,  -gall,  man,  wood. 

beadhouse,  roll,*  snake,  work. 

beakhead.  iron: 

be-all. 

bearbane,  berry,  bind,  herd,  hound,  skin,  ward, 
wood,  wort. 

beaucatcher. 

bedbug,  chair,  chamber,  clothes,  cord,  fellow, 
gown,  key,  maker,  -molding,  pan,  piece,  plate, 
post,  quilt,  rid,  ridden,  right,  room,  side,  site, 
sore,  spread,  staff,  stead,  straw,  swerver,  tick, 
time. 


USEFUL    INFORMATION. 


77 


foeebread,  -eater,  hive,  house,  master. 

beechnut. 

beefeater,  steak,  -witted,  -wood. 

beerhouse. 

beesAvax,  wing. 

beetle-browed,  head,  -headed,  stock. 

belorehand,  time. 

behindhand. 

bel-esprit. 

bellbird,-faced,  flower,  man,-mouthed,-shaped, 
topper,  wether,  wort. 

belle-lettrist. 

belles-lettres. 

bellyache,  band,  bound,  -god,  -pinched. 

beriberi. 

bl-iliac;  the  rest  one  word. 

bigeye,  horn,  root,  wig,  -wigged. 

billbeetle,  board,  bug,  fish,  head,  hook,  man, 
poster,  sticker. 

billet-doux,  head. 

billyboy,  cock. 

bindweed,  with. 

birdbolt,  call,  catcher,  catching,  -eyed,  lime, 
man,  seed,  -witted. 

bird's-beak,  -eye,  -foot,  -mouth,  -nesting, 
-tongue. 

birtliday,  less,  mark,  night,  place,  right,  root, 
wort. 

bitstock. 

bitterbark,  blain,  bloom,  bump,  nut,  root,  sweet, 
weed,  wood,  wort 

blackball,  band,  belly,  berry,  bird,  birder,  bird- 
ing,  board,  -browed,  butt,  cap,  coat,  cock,-eyed, 
-faced,  feet,  fellow,  fin,  fish,  foot,  guard,  head, 
heart,  -hearted,  -jack,  leg,  -letter  (a.),  list  (v.), 
mail,  mailer,  mailing,  meat,  -mouthed,  poll, 
root,  salter,  smith,  strap,  tail,  thorn,  wall,  wood, 
work. 

bladderfish,  nose,  wort. 

bladebone,  fish. 

blameworthy. 

blancmange. 

bleareye,  -eyed,  eyedness. 

blendwater. 

blightbird. 

blindball,  fish,  fold,  story,  worm,  -your-eyes. 

blink-eyed. 

blockhead,  headed,  house,  ship. 

bloodbird,  drop,  flower,  guiltiness,  guiltless, 
guilty,  hound,  letter,  letting,  root,  shed,  shed- 
der,  shedding,  shot,  stick,  stone,  stroke,  sucker, 
thirsty,  ulf,  -vascular,  wite,  wood,  worm,  wort. 

bloodybones,  -minded. 

blowball,  cock,  fish,  fly,  gun,  hole,  -off,  -out, 
pipe,  tube. 

blueback,  beard,  bell,  berry,  bill,  bird,  bottle, 
breast,  bush,  buttons,  cap,  coat,  -eye,  -eyed, 
fin,  fish,  gown,  hearts,  -John,  nose,  pointer, 
poll,  print,  start,  stocking,  stone,  throat, 
-veined,  wing,  wood. 

bluff-bowed,  -headed. 

blunderhead. 

boar's-foot. 

boatbill,  house,  man,  -shaped,  swain,  -tail, 
woman. 

boatsman. 

bobbinwork. 

bobcat,  -cherry,  fly,  sled,  sleigh,  stay,  tail,  tailed, 
white. 

bodyguard. 

bogberry,  sucker,  trotter,  trotting,  wood. 

bollworm. 

bolthead,  rope,  sprit. 

bombproof,  shell. 

boil-accord,  bon,  chr£tien,  due,  fire,  mot. 

bondholder,  maid,  man,  slave,  stone,  woman. 

bondsman,  woman. 

boiieache,  black,  dog,  fish,  set,  setter,  setting. 

bonnyclabber. 

bookbinder,  bindery,  binding,  case,  craft, 
holder,  keeper,  keeping,  land,  -learned,  maker, 
man,  mark,  mate,  monger,  plate,  seller,  selling, 
shelf,  shop,  stall,  stand,  store,  work,  worm. 

bootblack,  hose,  jack,  lick,  maker,  making, 
topping,  tree. 

borougliholder,  master,  monger,  mongering, 
mongery. 

bottlehcad,  holder,  -nose,  -nosed,  screw. 


bouts-rim6s. 

bowbell,  bent,  -compass,  fin,  grace,  head,  knot, 

leg,  -legged,  line,  man,  -pen,  -pencil,  -saw, 

shot,  sprit,  string,  stringed,  wood. 
boxberry,   fish,    haul,   hauling,   -iron,   keeper, 

thorn,  Avood. 

brainpan,  sick,  sickly,  sickness, 
brand-new, 
brass- visaged. 

brazen-browed,  face,  faced, 
breadbasket,  fruit,  nut,  root,  stuff,  winner, 
breakaway  (n.),  ax,  bone,  -circuit,  down,  man> 

neck,  stone,  -up,  water, 
breastband,  beam,  bone,  -deep,  fast,  height, 

-high,  hook,  knot,  pin,  plate,  plow,  rail,  rope, 

summer,  weed,  wood,  work, 
breechblock,  cloth,  loader,  -loading, 
brew  house, 
bric-a-brac, 
brickbat,  fielder,  kiln,   layer,   laying,  maker, 

making,  work,  yard, 
bridesmaid,  man. 
brigadi  er-gen  e  ral . 

bristle-pointed,  -shaped,  tail,  wort. 
broadax,    bill,   brim,   -brimmed,   cast,    cloth, 

-horned,  leaf,  -leaved,  mouth,  piece,  seal  (v.), 

side,  spread,  spreading,  sword,  throat, 
broncho-pneumonia;  the  rest  one  word, 
brooklime,  side,  weed, 
broomstick. 

brother-in-law,  wort, 
browbeat,  beating,  bound,  post,  spot, 
brownback,  stone,  wort. 
buck-basket,  board,  eye,  -eyed,  horn,  hound, 

jump,  jumper,  shot,  skin,  stall,  tail,  thorn,  tooth, 

wheat, 
buck's-horn. 
bufferhead. 
bufflehorn. 

bug  (prefix) ;  all  one  word, 
buhrstone. 
built-up, 
bulkhead, 
bullbeggar,  berry,  comber,  dog,  faced,  fice,  fight,. 

fighter,  fighting,  finch,  fist,  frog,  head,  headed, 

-necked,  nut,  -poll,  pout,  -roarer,  rout,  Aveed, 

wort. 

bullet-proof, 
i  bull's-eye,  -nose. 
;  bumboat,  Avood. 
bumblebee,  puppy, 
bunch-backed,  berry,  floAver. 
j  bunghole. 

burghmaster,  mote. 
:  burrstone. 
bushboy,    fighter,    fighting,     hammer,    man, 

ranger*  ranging,  whacker,  whacking, 
bushelman. 
businesslike, 
busybody, 
butterball,   bird,   bump,  bur,   cup,  -fingered, 

fish,  fly,  man,  milk,  nut,  -scotch,  weed,  weight, 

Avort. 

buttonball,  bush,  hole,  mold,  weed,  wood. 
by  (prefix),  all  take  the  hyphen,  except  bygone, 

byname    (v.),    bypath,    byplay,    byroad,   by- 
stander, byAvay,  byword,  bywork. 

c. 

cabman,  urn. 

cabinetmaker,  making,  work. 

cable-laid,  Avay. 

cachepot. 

I  calcareo-argillaceous,  -bituminous,  -siliceous. 
!  calfskin. 

calicoback. 

camber-keeled, 
i  camel-backed. 

camel' s-hair  (a.). 

campfight. 

camAvood. 
;  cancan,  dock. 

candleberry,  bomb,  fish,  holder,  light,  power, 
stick,  waster. 

canebrake. 

cankerberry,  -root,  weed,  Avorm. 

canvasback. 
i  cap-a-pie,  case,  peak,  sheaf,  -square,  stone. 


78' 


USEFUL    INFORMATION. 


captain-general. 

cargoose,  load,  lock,  man. 

cardboard,  case. 

care-tuned,  worn. 

carnal-minded,  -mindedness. 

carpetbag,  bagger,  monger,  way,  weed. 

carryall,  tale. 

cartload,  man,  way,  wright. 

•carvel-built. 

case-bay,  harden,  hardened,  hardening,  mate, 

mated,  weed,  worm, 
cashbook. 
•casse-tete. 

castaway  (n.),  -iron  (a),  -off  (a.), 
castle-builder,  -building,  -guard,  -ward, 
catbird,  boat,  call,  eye,  -eyed,  fall,  fish,  gut, 

-harping, -haw,  head, -hole,  mint,  pipe,-rigged, 

-salt, -silver,  stick,  stitch,  -tail, 
catch-basin,  drain,  fly, -meadow,  penny,  water, 

weed,  weight,  word,  work, 
eater-cornered,  -cousin, 
cattleman, 
causeway,  wayed. 
•cavalryman, 
cavo-rilievo. 

centerbit,  board, -fire  (a.),  piece,  -second  (a.), 
cerebro-spinal. 
cerecloth. 


cesspipe,  pool, 
chainwork. 


chalkcutter,  stone. 

chambermaid. 

chance-medley. 

chapbook,  fallen,  man. 

char-a-bancs. 

charterhouse. 

charwoman. 

•chasse-cat'6. 

chatterbox. 

cheap-jack,  -John. 

checkmate,  rein,  roll,  string,  work. 

clieckerberry,  board,  work. 

cheesemonger,  paring,  wood. 

•chef-d'oeuvre. 

chess-apple,  board,  man,  tree. 

•che  val-d  e-f  rise . 

chiaroscuro. 

chick-pea,  weed. 

chicken-breasted,  -hearted,  weed. 

chief-justiceship. 

childbearing,  bed,  birth,  crowing. 

chimney-breast,  -piece. 

chloralamide,  imide. 

chockablock,  -full. 

chopboat,  church,  fallen,  house,  -logic,  stick. 

chowchow. 

Chrlstcross,  -row. 

Christmastide. 

chub-faced. 

chucklehead.  headed. 

church-ale,  -bench,  goer,  going,  man,  warden, 

wardenship,  yard. 
einquefoil,  -pace,  -spotted. 
circum  (prefix);  all  one  word, 
cirro-cumulus,     -filum,    -nebula,    stomatous, 

-stratus,  -velum. 
cis  (prefix);  all  one  word  except  followed  by 

cap. 

clambake. 

clapboard,  match,  trap, 
classman,  mate. 

clean-cut,  -limbed,  skins  (n.),  -timbered, 
clear-boled,  -cole, -cut,  -headed, -seeing, -shin- 
ing, -sighted,  -sightedness,  skins  (n.),  starch, 

starcher,  story,  weed,  wing, 
cleft-footed,  graft, 
clingstone,  fish, 
clinker-built, 
clipper-built, 
cloakroom. 

clockbird,  like,  wise,  work.   . 
clodhopper,  hopping,  pate,  pated,  poll, 
close-banded,  -barred,  -bodied,  fisted,  handed, 

handedness,  hauled,  mouthed,  reefed,  -stool, 

-tongued. 

clotheshorse,  line,  pin,  press. 
cloudberry,  -built,  -burst,  -capped,  -compeller, 

land, 
cloven-footed,  -hoofed. 


clubfist,  fisted,  foot,  footed,  hand,  haul,  house 
room,  -rush,  -shaped. 

coachfellow,  man,  whip,  wood. 

co  (prefix)  -ally, -assessor, -legatee,  -lessee, -les- 
sor, -mate,  -meddle,  -regent,  -relation,  -re- 
ligionist, -respondent,  -sufferer;  the  rest  one 
word. 

coal-black,  fish,  goose,  -meter,  mouse,  pit,  sack, 
-whipper. 

coastways,  wise. 

cobblestone. 

cotohead,  stone,  swan,  wall,  web,  webbed,  webby, 
work. 

cock-H-hoop,  bill,  boat,  -brained,  chafer,  crow, 
crowing,  eye,  fight,  fighting,  head,  horse,  -laird, 
loft,  master,  match,  -paddle,  pit,  roach,  shy, 
spur,  sure,  swain,  tail,  up,  weed. 

cocklebur,  shell. 

cockscomb,  combed,  foot,  head. 

codfish,  piece,  worm. 

coffeehouse,  man,  pot,  room. 

cofferdam,  work. 

cogware,  wheel,  wood. 

cold-blooded,  finch,  -hearted,  -heartedness, 
-short,  -shut. 

color-blind,  -corporal,  man. 

comtobroach,  -shaped. 

comedown,  -outer. 

comet-finder,  -seeker. 

commissary-general,  -sergeant. 

commonplace,  weal,  wealth. 

concavo-concave,  -convex. 

consul-general. 

convexo-concave,  -convex,  -plane. 

cookbook,  maid,  room,  shop. 

cool-headed,  -headedness,  weed,  wort. 

cope-chisel,  stone. 

copper-belly,  -bottomed,  -faced,  -fastened, 
head,  -nickel,  -nose,  plate,  smith,  tail,  wing, 
worm. 

copple-crown,  -crowned. 

copse  wood. 

copyhold,  holder,  right. 

coralberry,  -rag,  wort. 

corkscrew,  wing,  wood. 

cornbell,  bind,  cob,  crake,  crib,  cutter,  dodger, 
field,  floor,  flower,  loft,  muse,  sheller,  shuck, 
stalk,  starch. 

cornercap. 

cornet-a-piston. 

costal-nerved. 

costermonger. 

countfish,  -wheel. 

counteract,  action,  active,  actively,  balance, 
bore,  brace  (v.),  buff,  caster,  change,  changed, 
charge,  charm,  check,  claim,  -compony,  -couch- 
ant,  -courant,  current,  draw,  faller,  fleury, 
foil,  force,  fort,  gage,  guard,  irritant,  irritate, 
jumper,  man,  march,  mark,  mine,  move,  mure, 
natural,  -paly,  pane,  part,  passant,  plead, 
plot,  point,  poise,  pole,  ponderate,  prove,  -roll, 
-salient,  scarp,  seal,  secure,  shaft,  sign,  sink, 
stand,  step,  stock,  stroke,  sunk,  term,  time, 
trippant,  turn,  vail,  view,  vote,  weigh,  weight, 
wheel,  work. 

countinghouse,  room. 

country-base,  -dance,  man,  side,  woman. 

coupstick. 

court-baron,  bred,  -craft,  -house,  -leet,  like, 
-martial,  -plaster,  yard. 

cousin-german. 

couvre-feu. 

coverlid,  -point. 

cowbane,  berry,  bind,  bird,  blakes,  boy,  catcher, 
fish,  hearted,  herb,  herd,  hide,  itch,  leech, 
leeching,  lick,  like,  pea,  -pilot,  pox,  quake, 
slip,  slipped,  weed,  wheat. 

crabeater,  faced,  hole,  sidle,  stick,  -yaws. 

crack-brained. 

crackleware. 

cracksman. 

craftsman,  master. 

creamcake,  -colored,  cups,  -faced,  -fruit,  -slice, 
-white. 

crewelwork. 

crib-biter,  -biting,  rose,  work. 

crisscross,  -row. 

croftland. 

crop-ear,  -eared,  -tailed,  weed. 


USEFUL    INFORMATION. 


79 


cross-armed,  -banded,  bar,  barred,  beak,  beam 
-bearer,  -bedded,  bill  (zoology),  -birth,  bones, 
bow,  bower,  bowman,  bred,  breed,  -bun,  -cross- 
let,  cut,  -days,  -examination,  -examine,  -exam- 
iner, -eye,  -eyed,  -fertilize,  fish,  flow,  -garnet 
grained,  hatch,  hatching,  head,  -interrogatory, 
jack,  legged,  patch,  -pawl,  piece,  -purpose 
-question,  -reading,  road,  row,  ruff  -spale 
-springer,  -staff,  -stitch,  -stone,  -stratified, 
-stratification,  -tail,  -tie  -lining,  trees 
-vaulting,  way,  -week,  wise,  wort. 

crowbar,  bell,  berry,  flower,  foot,  -quill,  -silk 
step,  stone,  toe,  -trodden. 

orownbeard,  -imperial,  piece,  -post,  -saw, 
work. 

crumbcloth. 

cubbridge-head. 

cubby-hole,  yew. 

cubo-octahedral,  octahedron. 

cul-de-four,  -de-sac. 

culverhouse,  key,  tail,  tailed. 

cum  u-ci  rro-stratus. 

cumulo-cirrus,  -nimbus,  -stratus. 

cupbearer,  board,  -gall,  -moss,  -rose,  seed 

curbstone. 

cure-all. 

currycomb. 

custom-house. 

cutaway,  lips,  -off,  -out,  purse,  throat,  water, 
weed,  work,  worm. 

D. 

dairymaid,  man,  woman, 
dare-devil,  -deviltry, 
dashboard,  pot. 
daughter-in-law. 

dayberry,  book,  break,  -coal,  dream,  dreamer 
flower,  fly,  -labor  (a.),  -laborer  (a.),  light,  mare, 
-net,  -peep,  spring,  -star,  time, 
daysman. 

deadbeat    (a.),    born,   -eye,    head,   -hearted, 
-heartedness,   house,  latch,   light,  lock    man 
-pay,  -reckoning,  -stroke,  wood,  works, 
deal-mute,  -mutism, 
dearborn,  -bought,  -loved. 
deathbed,  bird,  blow,  day,  like,  watch, 
deathsman. 
deckle-edged, 
decoy-duck,  -man. 
deep-laid,  -mouthed,  -read,  -sea  (a,), -sinker 

-waisted.  '   Q 

deerberry,    grass,    horn,  hound,    -neck,   skin 

stalker,  stalking, 
de-ethicise;  the  rest  one  word, 
delft  ware. 

demi-rilieyo;  the  rest  one  word, 
dentate-ciliate,  -sinuate, 
deskwork. 
dessert-spoonful. 

deutero-albumose,  -elastose;  the  rest  one  word 
Deutero-lsaiah,  -Niocene 
devil-diver,  fish,  wood, 
dewberry,    claw,  cup,  drop,  fall,    lap    lapped 

-point,  ret,  rot.  worm. 
diamond-back,  ^shaped, 
dicebox. 

diesinker,  sinking,  stock, 
dillydally. 

dim-sighted,  -sightedness. 
diner-out, 
dingdoug. 
direct-acting. 

dishcloth,  -faced,  rag,  washer,  water 
ditty-bag,  -box. 
divi-divi. 

do-all,  -little,  -naught,  -nothing,  -nothingism. 
docfc-cress,  yard, 
doeskin. 

dogbane,  berry,  bolt,  -brier,  cart,  draw,  -eared 
-faced,  fish,  -fox,  -headed,  -hearted,  hole,  leg,   ! 
-legged,  -rose,  shore,  sick,  skin,  sleep,  stone!  ; 
tie,  tooth,  trick,   trot,  vane,   watch,   -weary,   j 

domebook. 
doodlesack. 
doomsdav. 


doorbell,  case,  cheek,  keeper,  knob,  latch,  nail, 
plate,  post,  gill,  stead,  step,  stone,  stop   way 
weed,  yard, 
i   dos-a-dos. 

!  double-acting,  -bank,  -banked,  -barreled 
-beat  (a.),  -breasted,  -charge,  -decker,  -dye, 
-dyed,  -ender,  -entendre,  -eyed,  -faced 
ganger,  -handed,  -headed,  -hearted,  -hung' 
-loader,  -lock,  -milled,  -minded,  -quick' 
-ripper,  -shade,  -threaded,  -tongue,  -tongued 
-tonguing,  tree. 

dough-baked,  bird,  boy,  face,  -faced,  faceism 
-kneaded,  nut. 

dovecot,  -eyed,  like,  tail,  wood. 

do  wiibear,  bound,  cast,  come,  comer,  fall,  fallen 
falling,  gyved,  haul,  hearted,  hill,  looked' 
lying,  pour,  right,  -share,  sitting,  stairs,  stream' 
stroke,  take,  throw,  town,  trod,  trodden,  weed! 

draftsman. 

dragbar,  bolt,  hound,  link,  man,  net,  rope 

dragonlike,  wort. 

drainpipe*,  tile,  trap. 

dramseller,  shop. 

drawback,  bar,  bench,  bolt,  bore    boy   bridge 
-cut,  filing,  gear,   gloves,  head,  knife,  link' 
loom,  net,  plate,  rod,  shave,  spring. 
!  drawing-room. 
!  dread-bolted,  naught. 
I  dreamland. 

dressmaker,  making. 

driftbolt,  piece,  pin,  way,  weed,  wind,  wood. 

drlllmasler,  stock. 

dripstone. 

drivebolt,  pipe,  way. 
!  dronepipe. 

droplight,  stone,  worm,  wort. 

drumbeat,  fish,  head,  stick,  wood. 
I  dry-beat,  -boned,  -eyed,  -fisted,  nurse  (v.),  -rub 
salter,  saltery,  -shod,  -stone. 

duckbill,  -billed,  -legged,  meat,  weed,  wing. 
i  duebill. 

dugout,  way. 

j   dullhead;  sidjectives  take  hvphen. 
!  dumb-bell,  -waiter. 

dungfork,  hill,  meer,  yard. 

dustbrush,  man,  pan,  -point. 
;  dyehouse,  stuff,  weed,  wood. 
;  dynamo  (prefix)  -electric;  the  rest  one  word. 

E.  ; 

eagle-eyed,  -sighted,  stone,  -winged,  wood, 
earache,  -bored,  cap,  cockle,  drop,  drum    lap 

lock,   mark,   -minded,   pick,   -piercer,   reach, 

ring,  -shell,  shot,  sore,  -splitting,  wax    wig 

witness,  worm, 
eartlibag,  bank,  board,  born,  bred,  drake,  fork 

kin    nut,   pea,   quake,  shock,   star,  -tongue, 

wolf,  work,  worm, 
earthen-hearted,  ware, 
earthly-minded,  -mindedness. 
eastbound. 
Eastertide, 
east-insular, 
easy-chair,  -going, 
eavedrop. 

eavesdrop,  dropper,  dropping, 
edgebone,  shot, 
egg-apple,  -bird,  -cup,  -glass,  hot,  nog,  plant, 

-shaped,  shell, 
ego  theism, 
eightfold,  score, 
elbowboard,  chair,  room, 
electrogenesis,  meter,  metric,  metrical,  motor, 

phone,   plate,   plater,   plating,   scope    scopic 

static,  statics,  tactic,  technics,  technical,  tonic 

tonicity,    type,    typer,    typic,    typing;    other 

double  words  take  the  hyphen, 
eleuthero-petalous. 
elf  land,  lock, 
elltnut,  wood, 
elliptic-lanceolate, 
ellwand. 

elsewhere,  whither, 
ember-goose, 
embryoplastic. 


80 


USEFUL    INFORMATION. 


emeto-cathartic. 

empty-handed,  -headed,  -hearted. 

end-all. 

engineman,  -sized. 

entryman. 

erecto-patent. 

erelong,  while. 

erstwhile. 

evenfall,  handed,  -minded,  song,  tide. 

everduring,  glade,  green,  lasting,  lastingly, 
lastingness,  living,  more. 

everybody,  day  (a.),  one,  thing,  when,  where. 

evil-eyed,  -favored,  -favoredness,  -minded, 
-mindedness. 

ewe-necked. 

ex  (prefix  for  former  condition  or  office  held); 
all  take  hyphen. 

excito  (prefix);  all  take  hyphen. 

ex  officio. 

expressman. 

extra  (prefix)  -articular,  -axillar,  -axillary. 
-ocular,  -official,  -red,  -uterine;  the  rest  one 
word. 

ex-voto. 

eyeball,  bar,  beam,  bolt,  bright,  brow,  cup,  drop, 
flap,  glance,  glass,  hole,  lash,  lid,  -minded, 
piece,  reach,  salve,  servant,  service,  shot,  sight, 
sore,  -splice,  -spot,  -spotted,  stalk,  stone,  string, 
tooth,  wash,  water,  wink,  winker,  witness. 

F. 

facework. 

facsimile. 

fag-end. 

faint-hearted,  -heartedly.  -heartedness. 

fair-leader,  -mindedness,  way;  adjectives  take 
hyphen. 

fairyland. 

falcon-beaked,  bill,  -gentil. 

false-heartedness:  adjectives  take  hyphen. 

fancy-free,  -sick,  work. 

fandangle,  fish,  foot,  like,  -nerved,  tail,  -tailed, 
-tan. 

far-about,  -extended,  fetched,  -oft',  -reaching, 
seeing,  sighted,  sightedness.-spread,  -stretched. 

farmer-general. 

farmhouse,  stead,  yard. 

fashion-monger,  -mongering. 

fatback,  bird,  -brained,  head,-kidneyed,-witted. 

father-in-law,  land,  -lasher. 

fault-finder,  -finding. 

fausse-braye. 

fawn-colored. 

fearnaught. 

feather-edge,  few,  -foil,  -head,  stitch,  wing: 
adjectives  take  hyphen. 

fee  Die-minded ,  -mindedness. 

fee-faw-fum. 

fellowfeel;  the  rest  take  hyphen. 

felo-de-se. 

fer-de-lance. 

fernbird,  gale. 

ferret-eye. 

ferro  (prefix);  all  one  word. 

ferryboat,  man. 

fetterbush,  lock. 

fiber-faced. 

fiddle-faddle,  -shaped,  stick,  string,  wood. 

fieldcornet,  cornetcy,  fare,  piece,  work  (mili- 
tary). 

figurehead. 

finback,  foot,  -footed,  like,  pike,  -toed. 

finedraw,  drawer,  drawn,  spun,  still,  stiller,  top. 

firearm,  back,  ball,  bird,  board,  bote,  brand, 
brat,  cracker,  crest,  dog,  drake,  -fanged,  fish, 
flaire,  flame,  flaught,  fly,  lock,  man,  -new, 
place,  proof,  proofing,  room,  -set,  side,  stone, 
tail,  warden,  weed,  wood,  work,  worm. 

firmer-chisel. 

firstborn,  -class  (a.) ,  -hand,  -rate  (a.). 

fish-bellied,  berry,  -block,  gig,  hawk,  hook,  like, 
monger,  skin,  -tackle,  tail,  way,  wife,  woman, 
wood. 

five-corners,  -finger,  fold,  -leaf,  -leafed,  -twen- 
ties. 

flagman,  -officer,  ship,  staff,  stone,  worm. 


i  flame-colored. 

flapdragon,  -eared,  jack,  -mouthed. 

flare-up,  back. 

flashboard. 

flatbill,  boat, -bottomed, -cap,  fish, -footed,  head, 
-headed,  iron,  -top,  worm. 

flaxbird.  bush,  -plant,  seed,  weed. 

fleabane.  -beetle,  -bite,  -bitten,  -louse,  seed, 
wort. 

fleet-foot. 

fleshmonger,  pot. 
!   fleur-de-lis. 
!   flight-shot. 

flimflam. 

flint-hearted,  lock,  ware,  wood. 

flip-flap. 

floorheads,  walker. 

flower-deduce,  -fence,  -gentle,  pot. 

fluoranthene,  hydric. 
!   flushboard. 

flutemouth. 

fluvio-marine. 

;  flyaway,  bane, -bitten,  blow,  blown,  boat,  -case, 
catcher,  -catching,  eater,  fish  (n.),  -fish  (v.), 
man,  speck,  tail,  trap,  -up-the-ereek,  wort. 

fogbow,  dog,  eater,  fruit. 

folklaiid,  lore,  mote. 

foodstuffs. 

fool-born,  fish,  hardihood,  hardily,  hardiness, 
hardy,  -hasty. 

foolscap. 

foot-acre,  ball,  band,  bath,  board,  boy,  breadth, 
bridge,  cloth,  fall,  fight,  glove,  halt,  hill,  hold, 
hook,  hot,  licker,  light,  man,  mark,  note,  pace, 
pad,  path,  plate, -pound, -poundal,  print,  rope, 
-second,  -sore,  stalk,  stall,  step,  stone,  stool, 
-ton,  way,  worn. 

forasmuch,  ever. 

fore  (prefix)  -night,  -topgallant,  -topmast, 
-topsail;  the  rest  are  one  word,  except  the  fol- 
lowing, which  are  two  words:  bay,  body,  boot, 
bow,  cabin,  carriage,  course,  door,  edge,  elder, 
end,  girth,  hammer,  leg,  peak,  piece,  plane, 
rent,  sheets,  shore,  sight  (of  a  gun),  tackle, 
tooth,  world. 
!  forget-me-not. 

forkbeard,  tail,  -tailed. 

forth  (prefix);  all  one  word. 

forty-knot,  -niner,  -skewer,  -spot. 

fowl-mouthed,  -spoken. 

fpundershaft. 

four-cornered, -eyed,-eyes,  fold,  footed,  handed, 
-in-hand ,  -o'clock,  pence,  -poster,  score,  square, 
-way,  -wheeled,  -wheeler. 

foxbane,  berry,  earth,  fish,  glove,  hound, 
-hunting,  like,  tail. 

fracto-cumulus,  -nimbus,  -stratus. 

framework. 

franc-tireur. 

frank-chase,  -fee,  -ferm,  -law,  -marriage, 
pledge,  -tenant,  tenure. 

freeboard,  booter,  booting,  born,  -denizen, 
-hand,  -handed,  -hearted,  -heartedly,  -heart- 
edness, hold,  holder,  -liver,  -living,  -love, 
-lover,  man,  -martin,  mason,  masonic,  ma- 
sonry, -milling,  -minded,  -select,  -selection, 
-selector,  -soil,  -soiler,  -spoken,  -spokenness, 
stone,  -swimmer,  -swimming,  thinker,  think- 
ing, -tongued,  will  (a.). 

freedman. 

freshman,  -water  (a.). 
i  fretwork. 
!  frigate-built. 
|  frontiersman. 

f  rostbird,  bite,  -bitten,  -blite,  fish,  plant,  root, 

weed,  work,  wort. 
!  fugleman. 
;  full  (prefix);  adjectives  and  adverbs  take^the 

hyphen. 
I  fundholder. 
:  funnelform. 

G. 
I  gablock. 

gad-about,  bee,  bush,  fly,  man,  wall. 
i  gaff-topsail. 


USEFUL    INFORMATION. 


81 


gainpain,  say,  saver. 

gallfly,  nut,  stone,  wort. 

galvano  (prefix)  -caustic,  -cautery,  -magnetic^ 
-puncture;  the  rest  one  word. 

gamecock,  keeper. 

gang-flower,  gang,  way. 

gapingstock. 

gap-toothed. 

garboard,  fish. 

garden-gate. 

gas-burner,  light,  tight. 

gatehouse,  man,  post,  way. 

gazingstock. 

gentlefolk,  -hearted,  man,  manhood,  manlike, 
manly,  manliness,  woman. 

get-penny,  -up. 

getter-up. 

ghostlike. 

giddy-head,  -headed,  -paced. 

gill-flirt,  house. 

gilt-edge,  -edged,  head,  tail. 

gimcrack. 

gingerbread. 

ginhouse,  shop. 

ginny-carriage. 

girtline. 

give-and-take. 

glass-crab,  eye,  -faced,  -gazing,  house,  -rope, 
-snail,  -snake,  -sponge,  ware,  weed,  work,  wort. 

globo-cumulus. 

glowfly,  lamp,  worm. 

gluepot. 

gnatworm. 

goatbush,  fish,  herd,  like,  root,  skin,  stone, 
sucker,  weed. 

gobang,  -between,  -by,  cart,  -devil,  down,  -out. 

godchild,  daughter, father,  mother, parent,  send, 
speed,  wit. 

God-fearing,  head. 

goggle-eye,  -eyed. 

gold-beating,  -bound,  crest,  cup,  finch,  finny, 
fish,  -hammer,  seed,  smith,  stone,  tail,  tit. 

golden-eye,  -eyed,  -locks,  pert,  -rod,  wing. 

good-by,  -fellowship,  -humored,  -humoredly, 
-looking,man,-natured,-naturedlv,-tempered, 
wife. 

goody-goody. 

gooseberry,  fish,  foot,  -rumped,  wing,  winged, 
grainfield. 

grand  aunt,    child,    daughter,  -ducal,    father, 
fatherly,    -guard,     ma,     mother,     motherly, 
nephew,  niece,  pa,  pere,  sire,  son,  uncle, 
grape-eater,  shot,  stone,  vine, 
grasschat,  -green,  -grown,  nut,  hopper,  plot. 
graveclothes,  digger,  stone,  yard. 
gravelroot,  stone,  weed, 
grayback,  beard,  fly,-haired, -headed,  lag,  pate 

stone,  wacke,  wether. 

great-bellied,  coat,  -grandchild,  -granddaugh- 
ter, -grandfather,    -grandmother,    -grandson 
-hearted,  -hearted ness, 
greedy-gut. 

greenback,  backer,  bone,  -broom,  cloth,  -eyed, 
finch,  fish,  gage,  gill,  grocer,  head,  hide,  horn, 
house,  -leek,  room,  sand,  sauce,  shank,  -stall, 
stone,  sward,  weed,  wing,  withe,  wood, 
greyhound, 
griddlecake. 
gridiron, 
grindstone, 
gripsack, 
gristmill, 
gritrock,  stone, 
grogshop, 
groomsman, 
grosbeak,  grain, 
gross-headed, 
grotto  work. 

groundberry,  nut,  work, 
grulbstake,  worm, 
guardfish,  house,  room, 
guesswork. 

guideboard,  book,  post, 
guildhall, 
guilt-sick, 
gumboil,  sucker. 

gunboat,  bright,  flint,  lock,  powder,  reach,  room, 
shot,  smith,  smithery,  smithing,  stick,  stock, 
stone, 
gittta-percha,  -trap. 

51121—08 6 


H. 

hagberry,  born,  but,  butter,  fish,  -ridden,  seed 

-taper, 
ha-ha. 

hail-fellow,  shot,  stone,  storm, 
hairbird,  breadth,  -brown,  brush,  cloth,  dresser 
pin,  -salt,  splitter,  splitting,  spring,  streak,  tail' 
half-and-half,  beak,  -blooded,  -boot,  -bound, 
-bred,  -breed,  -brother,  -caste,  cock,  -cracked' 
-deck,  -decked,  -faced,  -fish,  -hatchet,  -heard, 
-hearted,  -hourly,   -learned,    -length,   -mast! 
-moon,  pace,  -penny,  -pike,  -port,  -ray  -read 
-sighted,  -sister,  -strained,  -sword,  -timbered 
-tone  (a.),  -tongue,  way,  -wit,  -witted,  -yearly, 
hall-mark,  way. 
hamfatter,  shackle,  string. 
hammer-beam,  cloth,  -dressed,  -harden,  head 
man,  wort. 

handball,  barrow,  bill,  book,  breadth,  cart 
cloth,  craft,  craftsman,  cuff,  fast,  fish,  -hole, 
kerchief^  made,  maid,  maiden,  saw,  spike 
spring,  -fight,  wheel,  -winged,  writing. 

handy-dandy,  fight,  gripe,  stroke. 

haiigbird,  -by,  dog,  man,  nail,  nest,  worm. 

hanger-on. 

haphazard. 

hara-kiri. 

hardbake,  beam,  -favoredness,  fern,  hack,  head, 
-headedness,  -heartedness,  mouth,  pan,  spun, 
-tack,  tail,  ware;  adjectives  take  hyphen 

harebell,  brained,  foot,  -hearted,  hound,  lip, 
lipped. 

harum-scarum. 

harvest-home,  man. 

hatband,  box,  rack,  stand,  tree. 

hatch-boat,  way. 

hausse-col. 

haiitgout,  pas. 

hawkbill,  bit,  -eyed,  weed. 

hawser-laid. 

haybird,  bote,  cock,  -cutter,  field,  fork,  loft 
maiden,  maker,  making,  mow,  rack,  rake  rick 
stack,  stalk,  thorn. 

hazelnut,  wort. 

headache,  band,  board,  borough,  -cheese,  dress, 
first,  foremost,  fish,  -hunter,  -hunting,  land, 
light,  line,  long, -lugged,  man,  mold, most,  note' 
pan,  piece,  quarters,  race,  room,  rope,  sail, 
shake,  spring,  stall,  stock,  stone, strong,  strong- 
ness,  tire,  waters,  way,  work 

healall. 

hearsay. 

hearsecloth,  like. 

heartache,  break,  breaking,  broken,  burn 
burned,  burning,  dear,  deep,  felt,  grief,  pea, 
quake,  rending,  seed,  shaped,  sick,  -spoon,' 
stricken,  strike,  string,  struck,  swelling,  wood, 
wort;  other  adjectives  take  hyphen. 

hearthstone. 

heart' s-ease. 

heathberry,  clad. 

heaven  (prefix);  adjectives  take  hyphen. 

heavenly-minded,  -mindedness. 

heavy  (prefix);  adjectives  take  hyphen. 

liedgeberry,  born,  bote.  hog,  pig,  row. 

heelball,  fly,  path,  piece,  post,  spur,  tap,  tool. 

hellbender,  born,  bred,  brewed,  broth,  -cat 
-diver,  doomed,  hag,  -haunted,  hoffite,  hound, 
kite. 

helmet-shaped. 

helmsman. 

helmwind. 

helpmate,  meet. 

helter-skelter. 

hemstitch,  stitched. 

henbane,  bit,  coop,  fish,  -hearted,  house,  hussy 
peck,  roost,  ware. 

henceforth,  forward. 

heiiehboy,  man. 

hepato  (prefix)  -pancreas;  the  rest  one  word. 

herdbook,  groom,  man. 

herdsman,  woman. 

hereabout,  after,  afterward,  at,  by,  in,  inafter, 
inbefore,  into,  of,  on,  to,  tofore,  unto,  upon,  with. 

herringbone. 

hetero-albumose,  -infection;  the  rest  one  word 

heyday.  ' 

hidden-veined. 

hidebound. 


82 


USEFUL    INFORMATION. 


high    (prefix)  binder,  born,  -boy,  -churchism, 
-churchman,  -churchmanship,  flier,  flying,  -go,   | 
-heartedness,  -hoe,  -holder,  -hole,  land,  -low, 
men,  -mindedness,  most,  -priesthood,  -priest- 
ship,  road,  -stepper,  -top,  way;  other  adjectives 
take  hyphen. 
Iiillberry,  bird,  side,  top,  wort. 

liindberry,  brain,  gut. 

hiphalt,  -roofed,  shot. 

Hoarfrost,  stone. 

hobbyhorse. 

hobgoblin,  nail,  nailed,  nob. 

hocus-pocus. 

hodgepodge. 

hoecake,  mother. 

hogback,  chain,  choker,  cote,  fish,  frame,  herd, 
nose  (a.),  nut,  pen,  reeve,  ringer,  score,  skin,   i 
sty,  wash,  weed,  wort. 

hogger-pipe,  -pump. 

hog's-back,  -bane,  -meat. 

hogshead. 

hoistaway,  way. 

hoity-toity. 

holdback,  fast. 

holder-forth. 

hollow-hearted,  -horned,  wort. 

holyday,  stone,  wood. 

homeborn,  -bound,  -bred,  -coming,  -driven,   j 
-dwelling,  -felt,   field,  -keeping,   like,   made, 
sick,    sickness,  -speaking,   spun,  stall,   stead, 
steader,  ward. 

honey-bag,  bee,  berry,  bird,  comb,  combed, 
dew,  moon,  -mouthed,  stone,  sucker,  suckle, 
suckled,  -sweet,  -tongued,  ware,  wort. 

hoodcap,  wink,  wort. 

hoodman-blind. 

hoof  bound. 

hook-billed,  -nosed. 

hopbine,  -o'-my-thumb,  scotch,  -thumb,  yard. 

hornbeak,  beam,  bill,  blende,  blower,  book,  bug, 
fish,  fly,  foot, -mad,  owl,  pike,  pipe,  plant,  pout, 
snake,  stone,  tail,  weed,  work,  worm,  wort, 
wrack. 

horny-handed,  head. 

horror-stricken,  -struck. 

horseback,  bane,  -chestnut,  -drench,  fish,  flesh, 
fly,  foot,  hair,  head,  heal,  hide,  hoof,  -jockey, 
knop,  laugh,  -leech,  -leechery,  -litter,  man, 
mint,  nail,  play,  pond,  power,  -radish,  rake, 
shoe,  shoer,  shoeing,  tail,  weed,  whip,  woman,  i 
wood,  worm. 

hostess- ship. 

hotbed,  -blooded, -brained,  cockles,  foot, -head,   ! 
-headed,    house,    -livered,    -mouthed,    press, 
pressed,  -short,  -spirited,  spur,  spurred. 

hotel-de-ville,  -dieu. 

houndfish. 

hourglass. 

housebote,  breaker,  breaking,  builder,  carl, 
hold,  holder,  keeper,  keeping,  leek,  line,  maid, 
mate,  room,  warming,  wife,  wifely,  wifery, 
work,  wright. 

howbeit,  ever,  soever. 

huckle-backed,  berry. 

humblebee. 

humpback,  backed,  -shouldered. 

hunchback,  backed. 

hundredfold,  weight. 

huntsman. 

hurdleman,  work. 

hurdy-gurdy. 

hurly-burly. 

husbandman. 

hydra-tainted. 

hydro  (prefix)  -electric,  -extractor;  the  rest 
one  word. 

hypo-isotonic;  the  rest  one  word. 


I. 


Iceberg,  bird,  bound,  -built,  fall,  man,  quake. 

icy-pearled. 

ideo  (prefix)  -motion,  -motor;  rest  one  word. 

ihlang-ihlang. 

lleo-ileostomy;  the  rest  one  word. 

ill-favoredly,  -favoredness,  -naturedly,  -na- 
turedness,  treat,  -wisher;  adjectives  take  hy- 
phen. 


imber-goose. 

imp- pole. 

In  (English  prefix)  -going;  the  rest  one  word. 

incense- breathing. 

Inchmeal,  pin,  worm. 

Inclto-motor,  -mptory. 

Infra  (prefix)  -axillary,  -red;  the  rest  one  word. 

inhibitory-motor. 

iiikfish,  horn,  stand,  stone. 

Innholder,  keeper,  yard. 

ironbark,  bound,  clad,  heads,  master,  monger, 
mongery,  sides,  smith,  stone,  ware,  weed,  wood, 
work,  wort;  other  adjectives  take  hyphen. 

ivory-bill,  type. 

ivy-mantled. 

J. 

jack-a-daiidy,  -a-lent,  ass,  -at-a-pinch,  -at-all- 
trades,  -at-the-hedge,  bird,  -by-the-hedge, 
daw,  -in-a-box,  -in-office,  -in-ttie-bush,  -in- 
the-green,  -in-the-hedge,-in-the-pulpit,  knife, 
man,  -of-the-buttery,  -of-the-clock,  -o'-lan- 
tern,  -on-both-sides,  -out-of-office,  pudding, 
saw,  screw,  slave,  smith,  snipe,  stay,  stone, 
straw,  -with-a-lantern,  wood, 
jambone. 

anus-faced,  -headed. 

arfly,  nut,  -owl. 

awbone,  -fall,  -fallen,  foot. 

ayhawker. 

erry-builder,  -built. 

et-black. 

ill-flirt. 
,  im-crow. 

obbernowl. 

ohnadreams,  -apple. 

ohiinycake,  -jump-up. 

oint-fir,  -grass,  -snake,  weed,  worm. 

oily-boat,  tail. 

ourneyman,  work. 

udge-advocate,  -advocate-general. 
.Fura-trias,  -triassic. 
juryman,  -rigged. 

K. 

keelbill,  fat,  haul,  man,  rake,  son. 

keepsake. 

kelpfish,  ware,  wort. 

kentledge. 

kettledrum,  drummer. 

keyboard,  -cold,  hole,  note,  seat,  stone,  way. 

kickup. 

kidney-form,  -shaped,  worm,  wort. 

killdeer,  -joy. 

ki In-dry,  hole. 

kind-hearted,  -heartedness. 

king-at-arms,  bird,  bolt,  craft,  cup,  fish,  fisher, 

-post,  -rod. 

kinsfolk,  man,  woman, 
kipskin. 

kirkman,  yard, 
kitchenmaid. 
kiteflier,  flying, 
kneebrush,  cap,  -crooking,  -deep,  -high,  joint, 

jointed,  pan,  piece, 
kiiifeboard,  -edge. 

knight-errant,  -errantry,  -erratic,  head, 
kiiotoberry,  stick,  weed. 

knockabout,  away,  down,  -knee,  -kneed,  stone, 
kiiotberry,  grass,  horn,  weed,  wort. 
kiio%v-all,  -nothing,  -nothingism. 
knucklebone, 
kohl-rabi. 

L. 

lace-bark,  man,  wing,  -winged. 

lackadaisy,  aday,  brain,  luster. 

lac  work. 

ladybird,  bug,  clock,  fish,  -killer,  -killing,  like, 
love. 

lake-dweller,  weed. 

lambale,  kill,  like,  skin. 

lampblack,  fly,  light,  lighter,  -post,  wick. 

landfall,  flood,  grave,  holder,  holding,  lady, 
lock,  locked,  lord,  lubber,  man,  mark,  owner, 
owning,  -poor,  reeve,  scape,  slip,  slide,  waiter. 

lantern-jawed. 


USEFUL    INFORMATION. 


83 


lapboard,  dog,  -jointed,  stone,  streak,  -welded, 

wing,  work. 

large-acred,  -handed,  -hearted,  -heartedness. 
lasslorn. 

latchkey,  string, 
lath-shaped,  work, 
lathereeve. 
latticework, 
laughworthy. 
laughingstock, 
laundryman. 
law-abiding,  breaker,  breaking,  giver,  giving, 

maker,  making,  monger,  suit, 
lawyerlike. 
layman,  stall, 
lazyback,  bones, 
leadbeater,  wort, 
leadsman. 

leafcup,  stalk;  adjectives  take  hyphen, 
lean-faced,  -to,  -witted. 
leapfrog. 

leasehold,  holder,  holding, 
leave-taking, 
leeboard,  way. 
leechcraft,  eater. 

left-handedness;  adjectives  take  hyphen-, 
leg-of-mutton  (a.). 
lego-literary, 
let-alone,  -off,  -up. 
letterleaf,  press,  wood, 
lickpenny,  -spittle, 
lie-de-vin. 
lieno-intestinal. 
lieutenant-colonel,    -commander,    -general, 

-governor. 

liieblood,  boat,  -giving,  hold,  like,  likeness,  long, 
mate,  -preserver,  -preserving,  -saver,  -saving, 
-size,  spring,  string,  time,  -weary, 
light-boat,  -headedness,  -heartedly,  -hearted- 
ness,  -horseman,   -house,  man,  -mindedness, 
-o'-love,  room,  -ship,  -vessel,  wood;  adjectives 
take  hyphen, 
lighterman, 
lignum-vitse 
like-minded. 

lily-handed,  -livered,  wort, 
limehound,  kiln,  stone,  -twigged,   wash   (v.), 

water, 
linchpin, 
lineman. 

linkboy,  man,  work, 
linsey-woolsey. 

lioiifish,  -heart,  -hearted,  like, 
liquidambar. 
listwork. 

live-forever,  long. 

liverleaf,  wort;  adjectives  take  hyphen, 
liveryman, 
loadstar,  stone, 
loanmonger. 

lobcock,  scouse,  sided,  worm, 
lobefoot, -footed. 

lock-down,  jaw,  man,  out,  smith,  up,  -weir. 
loco;  all  one  word  except  loco  weed, 
lode-ship, 
lodgepine,  pole, 
log-chip,  cock,  fish,  man,  roll,  roller,  rolling, 

-ship,  wood. 

loggerhead,  headed,  heads, 
longbeak,  beard,  boat,  bow,  hand,  -headedness, 
horn,  jaw,  leaf,  -leaved,  legs,  nose,  shanks, 
shore,  shoreman,  -sight,  -sightedness,  spun, 
spur,  -stop,  -sufferance,  -suffering,  tail,  -tongue, 
ways,  -windedness,  wise;  other  adjectives  take 
hyphen. 

lookdown,  out. 
looker-on, 
looking-glass, 
loophole,  holed,  light, 
lopseed;  adjectives  one  word, 
lotus-eater. 

loud-mouthed,  -voiced, 
loup-cervier,  -garou,-loup. 
louseberry,  wort. 

loveflower,  -in-a-mist,  -in-idleness  -lies-bleed- 
ing, lock,  lorn,  -making,  -sick,  -sickness, 
loving-kindness. 

lowbell,  born, -boy,  bred,  -church, -churchism, 
-churchman,  -churchmanship,  land,  lander, 
-lived,  -minded,  -mindedness,  -necked,  -pres- 
sure, -spirited,  -spiritedness,  -studded, 
-thoughted. 


lower-case, 
lozenge-shaped, 
lugmark,  sail,  worm, 
lute-backed,  string, 
lying-in, 
lynx-eyed. 


M. 


macro-chemistry. 

mad-apple,  brain,  brained,  cap,  -headed,  house 
man,  stone,  weed,  wort. 

magneto  (prefix)  -electric,  -electricity,  -optic 
-optics;  the  rest  one  word. 

maidpale,  servant. 

maidenhair,  head,  like. 

mail-cheeked,  clad,  -shell. 

main-gauche,  -hamper,  land,  mast,  pin,  sail 
sheet,  spring,  stay,  top. 

major-domo,  -general. 

make-belief,  -believe,  -game,  -peace,  shift 
-up,  weight. 

making-iron,  -up. 

maltman,  worm. 

mammato-cumulus. 

manbote,  -eater,  hole,  -of-the-earth,  -of- war, 
root,/ rope,  servant,  slaughter,  slayer,  stealer 
stealing,  trap,  way. 

mangel-wurzel. 

mantelpiece,  shelf,  tree. 

manyplies,  root;  the  rest  take  hyphen. 

maplike. 

marblehead,  wood;  the  rest  take  hyphen 

marchman,  -ward. 

mare's-nest,  -tail. 

marlberry,  pit,  stone. 

inarro wbone,  fat. 

marshbanker,  fish,  flower,  wort 

mar-text. 

masthead,  house. 

masterpiece,  singer,  wort. 

matfelon,  weed. 

match-cloth,  -coat,  lock,  maker,  making 

matter-of-fact  (a.). 

maul-stick. 

maxillo-mandibular,  -palatine;  the  rest  one 
word. 

maybe,  bird,  bloom,  bush,  cock,  fish,  flower,  hap 
pole,  pop,  weed,  wort. 

meadowsweet,  wort. 

mealberry,  time. 

mealy-mouthed,  -mouthedness. 

mean-spirited,  -spiritedness,  time,  while. 

mechanico-chemical. 

medico-legal. 

medium-sized. 

meetinghouse. 

men-pleaser. 

merchantman. 

merestead,  stone. 

merry-andrew,  -go-round,  make,  maker,  mak- 
ing, meeting,  thought,  wing. 

meseems. 

messmate. 

metalammonium,  man,  organic. 

metecorn,  wand. 

metergram. 

methylamine. 

mezzo-rilievo,  -soprano,  tint,  tinter,  tinto. 

micaceo-calcareous. 

micro  (prefix)  -chemical,  -chemistry,  -geolog- 
ical, -geology,  -millimeter,  -organism,  -photo- 
graph; the  rest  one  word. 

mid-age,  -air,  brain,  -center,  -channel,  day, 
feather,  gut,  heaven,  land,  lent,  main,  night, 
-ocean,  radius,  rib,  ship,  ships,  -styled,  summer, 
watch,  way,  week,  wife,  wifery,  winter. 

middle-age,  -aged,  -ground,  man. 

milepost,  stone, 
militiaman. 

milk-fish,  -livered,  maid,  man,  sop,  weed,  wort. 

millboard,  -cake,  dam,  rind,  -sixpence,  stone, 

work,  wright. 
mince-meat. 

minute-jack,  man. 

mischief-maker,  -making. 

miterwort. 

mizzenmast. 

mobcap. 

mockbird. 

mockingstock. 


USEFUL    INFORMATION. 


moldboard,  warp. 

molebut,  cast,  -eyed,  hill,  skin. 

money-maker,  -making,  wort. 

monkey-bread,  -cup,  -pot,  tail. 

monkfish,  flower. 

monkshood. 

111011  o-ideism;  the  rest  one  word. 

moiite-acid,  -jus. 

moonbeam,  blind,  blink,  calf,  -culminating, 
-eye,  -eyed,  -faced,  fish,  flower,  glade,  light, 
lighter,  'lit,  raker,  rise,  sail,  seed,  set,  shine, 
shiner,  shiny,  stone,  stricken,  struck,  wort. 

moot-hall,  -house,  -hill,  man. 

mopboard,  stick. 

mope-eyed,  hawk. 

moreland,  over,  pork. 

morning-glory,  tide. 

mossback,  banker,  -grown,  head,  trooper,  wort. 

moth-eat,  -eaten. 

mother-in-law,  land,  -naked,  -of-pearl,  -of- 
thyme,  wort. 

motley-minded. 

moil tli-footed,  -made,  piece,  root. 

muddlehead,  -headed. 

muddy-headed,  -mettled. 

mulberry-faced. 

muscle-bound. 

mushroom-headed. 

muskflower,  melon,  rat,  wood. 

muzzle-loader,  -loading,  wood. 


N. 


nailbrush,  -headed,  wort. 

namby-pamby. 

namesake. 

nap-taking. 

narrow  (prefix),  all  take  hyphen. 

navel-string,  wort. 

navy-yard. 

near-legged,  sighted,  sightedness. 

neatherd. 

neat's-foot  (a.). 

neckband,  cloth,  lace,  laced,  land,  mold,  plate, 
tie,  wear,  weed. 

iieedlebook,  bush,  case,  fish,  -pointed,  stone, 
tail,  woman,  work. 

ne'er-do-well. 

negrohead. 

iieo  (prefix)  takes  hyphen  when  followed  by 
cap;  otherwise  one  word. 

nerve-shaken.  • 

netfish,  veined,  work. 

nevermore,  theless. 

newcomer,  model;  adjectives  all  one  word  ex- 
cept -year. 

newsboy,  -letter,  man,  monger,  paper,  room, 
-vender,  -writer. 

nig-gerfish,  head,  toe. 

nightcap,  dress,  fall,  gown,  jar,  long,  man, 
mare,  shade,  shirt,  time;  adjectives  take  hy- 
phen. 

nine-bark,  -eyes,  fold,  holes,  -killer,  pence,  pins, 
score. 

ninnyhammer. 

nipplewort. 

niiro  (prefix)  -chloroform:  the  rest  one  word. 

nobody,  -man's  land,,  way,  where,  whither,  wise. 

nobleman,  -minded,  -mindedness,  woman. 

nogglehead. 

nol-pros  (v.). 

noli-me-tangere. 

non-ego,  -feasance,  -pros  (v.);  the  rest  one  word 
unless  followed  by  cap. 

nonesuch. 

noonday,  -flower,  tide. 

northbound,  east,  easter,  easterly,  eastern,  east- 
ward, eastwardly,  west,  wester,  westerly,  west- 
ern, westward,  westwardly. 

nosebag,  band,  bleed,  burn,  fish,  gay,  smart. 

notwheat,  withstanding. 

notch  board,  weed. 

notebook,  worthy. 

nowadays. 

nursehound,  maid,  pond. 

nurseryman. 

iiutbreaker,  -brown,  cracker,  gall,  hatch,  hook, 
jobber,  pecker,  shell. 


0. 

oarfish,  foot,  ^footed,  lap,  lock,  weed. 

oarsman. 

oatcake,  meal. 

oathbreaking. 

oblique-angled. 

obtuse-angled,  -angular. 

occipito-axial,  -mastoid. 

odd-pinnate. 

«eil-de-boeuf,  -de-perdrix. 

off'  (prefix);  all  one  word. 

officeholder. 

oftentimes. 

ofttimes. 

ohmmeter. 

ollbird,  clofh,  fish,  man,  nut,  sed,  skin,  stone. 

old  (prefixf-maidism,  -womanishness;  adjec- 
tives take  hyphen. 

oliveback,  wood. 

olla-podrida. 

omnium-gatherum. 

on-hanger,  -looker,  -looking,  rush,  set,  to. 

oneberry,  self,  -sidedly,  -sidedness;  adjectives 
take.hyphen. 

onionskin. 

openbill,  -handedness,  -heartedly,  -hearted- 
ness,  work;  adjectives  take  hyphen. 

operameter. 

orangeman,  root,  -tawny. 

orang-outang. 

ord  nance-sergean  t. 

otherguise,  where,  while,  wise. 

out  (prefix)  bound,  -patient;  the  rest  one  word 
unless  followed  by  cap,or,adjectively,  by  "of," 
in  which  case  use  hyphen. 

ovate  (prefix),  all  words  take  hyphen. 

ovenbird. 

over  (prefix)  -arm,  -busy,  -garment,  -sea  (a.), 
sea  (adv.);  the  rest  one  word. 

oversman. 

owl-eyed,  light. 

oxbane,  bird,  biter,  bow,  eye,  -eyed,  fly,  gang, 
goad,  head,  heal,  heart,  hide,  horn,  like,  lip, 
pecker,  shod,  tongue. 

oyster-green. 


P. 


packhouse,  man*  way. 

paddlecock,  fish,  wo'od. 

palnstaker,  taking,  worthy. 

paleface. 

pallbearer,  -mall. 

Pan-American,  -Anglican. 

pan,  all  one  word,  except  pan  fish. 

panel  work. 

panic-stricken,  -struck. 

papier-mache'. 

para-ansesthesia;  the  rest  one  word. 

party-coated,  -colored. 

passageway. 

passer-by. 

pass-key,  man,  over,  -parole,  port,  word. 

Passiontide. 

pasteboard . 

patchhead,  work. 

patent-hammered. 

paternoster. 

pathfinder,  maker,  way. 

patrolman. 

pattypan. 

pawnbroker,  broking. 

paymaster. 

paymaster-general. 

peabird,  chick,  cock,  fowl,  grit,  hen,  -jacket, 

nut,  stone. 

peacebreaker,  breaking,  maker,  making, 
peachblow,  -colored,  wood,  wort. 
pearlash.  berry,  bush,  -eyed,  fish,  fruit,  stone, 

wort. 

pear-shaped, 
peascod,  weep, 
peau-d' orange, 
pebblestone,  ware, 
peelhouse. 
peephole, 
pellmell  (adv.). 


USEFUL    INFORMATION. 


85 


pencraft,  fish,  holder,  knife,  man,  rack,  stock 
tail,  trough,  wiper,  woman 
enny-a-liner  royal,  weight,  wort,  worth, 
penthouse,  roof,  stock 
pepperbrand,  corn,  grass,  mint,  wort. 
pepsinhydrochloric. 
peri-esophageal,  the  rest  one  word. 
Permo-Carboniferous. 
pesthouse. 
pe  term  an,  wort, 
pettychaps,  wind. 
phenylamine,  auramine. 
phosphor-bronze. 

photo   (prefix)  -electric,  -electricity,  -electro- 
graph,  -electrotype,  -engrave,  -engraving,  -epi- 
nasty,  -etch, -etching;  the  rest  onl  word 
physico  (prefix)   -mathematics,  -philosophy 

.-theology;  the  rest  one  word, 
pia-matral. 
pianoforte, 
pickaback,  aninny,  ax,  back, -fault,  lock  maw 

mire  pack,  penny,  pocket,  purse,  thank, 
piebald,  man,  plant,  poudre 
piecemeal,  mealed,  work 
pierhead. 

piezo-electric,  -electricity, 
pig-eyed,  face,  fish,  foot, -headed, -headedness 
-jawed,  nut,   pen,    skin,    -sticking,    sty    tail' 
tailed,  weed,  widgeon. 

Ptoed°n~breaSted)  foot>  ~hearted'  hole.-livered, 

pikeman,  staff,  tail. 

pile  worm,  -worn,  wort. 

pillowcase. 

pin  bush  cushion,  -eyed,  feather,  feathered,  -fire, 

pince-nez    hold'patch'  tail, -tailed,  weed,  worm! 

pinchcock,  fist,  penny. 

pineapple,  -clad,  -crowned,  drops,  finch,  sap 

W(3GQ, 

pink-eyed,  fish,  root.-sterned,  weed,  wood. 
pipeclay  (v.),  fish,  layer,  laying,  mouth,  stem 

stone,  vine,  wood,  wort, 
pissabed.  asphalt. 
>Hapat  fall,  falling, -hole,  man,  pan. 
pitch-black,  blende,  -dark,  -faced,  fork   -ore 

stone,  work, 
placeman,  -proud. 

plain-lreartedness,  tail;  adjectives  take  hyphen 
plainsman, 
plane-parallel, 
planet-stricken,  -struck, 
plank-sheer, 
plano-concave,  -conical, -convex,  -horizontal 

-orbicular,  subulate, 
plant-cane,  -eating, 
plasterwork. 
platter-faced, 
playbill,  book,  day,  fellow,  game,  goer, 


pleasant-tongued. 

pleuro-pneumonia;  the  rest  one  word 

plot-proof. 

plowbote,  boy,  foot,  gang,  gate,  head,  land, 

man,  point,  share,  tail,  wright 
plutomania. 
P««lt-broken,  mark,  marked,  -pitted,  -pudding, 

poeketbook,  knife. 

point-blank,  -device. 

pointingstock. 

pointsman. 

pokebag,  root,  weed. 

poking-stick. 

poleax,  cat,  star,  wig. 

policeman. 

polygamo-dioecious. 

pondfish,  weed. 

pooh-pooh. 

poorbox,  house,  -John,  -spirited,  -spiritedness 

-will,  -willie. 
popeye,  gun. 
poppy head, 
portcrayon,  fire,  folio,  hole,  hook,  man   reeve 

-royalist,  way. 

Porte-bonheur.-cochere,  feuille,-lumiere,mon- 
porterhouse. 


post-abdomen,  -captain,  -disseizin,  -disseizor 
-fine,  -Glacial,  -mortem,  -Nicene,  -obit,  -office' 
-partum, -Pliocene,  -road, -temporal, -Tertiarv' 
-tonic, -tragus,  -tympanic;  the  rest  one  word  ' 

postmaster-general. 

p°klle' asVau~feu'~bellied'  -belly,  boiler,  boy 
hole,  hook,  house,  latch,  lid,  luck,  man  pie' 
pourri,  sherd,  stone,  -valiant, -walloper. 

pouch-mouthed,  -shell. 

Pound-breach,  cake,   -degree,  -foot,    keeper, 

pousse-cafe. 

powder-down  (a.),  flask,  horn,  mill,  -posted. 

praise-meeting,  worthily,  worthiness,  worthy 

pressman,  pack,  work. 

pretty-face,  -spoken. 

prick-eared,  madam,  punch,  wood 

pncking-up. 

priestcap,  craft,  fish,  -ridden 

princelike,  wood. 

princesslik'e. 

printshop. 

prittle-prattle. 

privateersman. 

prizeman. 

probe-pointed. 

prompt-book,  -note. 

prongbuck,  -hoe,  horn. 

prool-arm,  -proof. 

pros!  a  very. 

proto-aibumose,  -Doric,  -elastose,  -organism- 
the  rest  one  word. 

provost-marshal, -marshal-general. 

pseudo-angle,  -apostle,  -bulb,  -bulbil,  -china 
-clergy,  -cone,  -corneous,  -costate,  -cumene 
-diphtheritic,  -dipteral, -distance,  -episcopacv 
-loliaceous,-form,  -galena,-genus, -heart  -hex- 
agonal, -hypertrophic,  -malachite,  -martyr 
-membrane,-membranous,-metallic,-monocot- 
yledpnous,  -parenchyma,  -perianth,  -periodic 
-peripteral,  -philosopher,  -romantic,  -siphon, 
-siphuncle,  -symmetric,  -symmetry,  -xanthin- 
the  rest  one  word, 
psittaco-fulvine. 
psycho-motor. 

public  (prefix),  all  take  hyphen, 
puckball,  fist. 
pudding-headed. 
puddle-ball,  -bar. 
puflTball,  -leg,  legged, 
pug-faced,  -nosed, 
pullback,  down, 
pulpstone. 
puntabout. 
puppetman. 
pure-impure. 
purpleheart,  wood, 
purse-gilled,  -proud, 
pushpin, 
putlog,  -off,  -up. 
putter-on, 
putty-faced,  root, 
puzzle-headed, 
pygmyweed. 

Q, 

quagmire. 

quarry-faced,  man. 

quarter-deck,  foil,  hung,  man,  master,  pace 

-phase,  -saw,  staff,  -tenses. 

quartermaster;   official  names  take  the  hy- 
phen. 

quater-cousin,  -tenses. 

quickbeam,   hatch,   lime,   sand,  -scented    set 
-sighted, -sightedness,silver,silvered, silvering' 
step,  -witted,  -wittedness,  work, 
quillback,  wort, 
quincewort. 
quinsy  wort. 

quiiituple-nerVed,  -ribbed, 
quitclaim,  rent. 

R. 

rabbitmouth,  -mouthed,  root. 

rabble-rout. 

raceabout. 


86 


USEFUL   INFORMATION. 


rackabones,  arock,  -rent,  -renter,  tail,  work. 

radio-active,-activity,-carpal,flagellata,meter 
metric,  -micrometer,  -muscular,  phone,  -ulnar. 
raffish  man  picker,  weed,  work,  worm,  wort, 
rainbow,  bowed,  drop,  fall,  -tight, 
rakehell,  stale,  -vein, 
ramline,  pick,  rod,  shackle, 
rap-full, 
rarebit,  ripe, 
raree-show, 
raspberry. 

raffish,  lines,  -tail,  -tailed,  -trap  (a.). 

ratsbane,  baned. 

rattlebox,    -brained,    -down,    head,  -headed, 

pate,  -pated,  snake,  trap,  weed,  wings,  wort, 
rawboned,  head,  hide, 
razorback.  -backed,  bill. 

re  (prefix  for  again)  -ally,  -collect,  -cover, 
-create,  -creation,  -creative,  -ferment,  -form, 
-formation,  -lease,  -let,  -mark,  -present,  -pres- 
entation, -press,  -reiterate,  -resolve,  -search, 
-sign,  -sound, -store,  -treat,  -turn;  the  rest  one 
word. 

ready-made,  -witted. 

rear-admiral,  -horse,  mouse,  ward  (n.). 

recto-uterine,  -vaginal,  -vesical. 

redback  belly,  berry,  bird,  breast,  buck,  bud, 
cap,  coat,  eye,  fin,  finch,  fish,  -gum,  -hand, 
-handed,  head,  hoop,  horn,  -hot,  knees,  leg, 
legs,  -letter,  mouth,  poll,  -riband,  root,  sear, 
shank,  -short,  skin,  start,  streak,  tail,  -tailed, 
-tape  (a.),  -tapism,  -tapist,  throat,  top,  ware. 
weed,  wing,  withe,  wood. 

reedbird,  buck,  -mace,  work. 

reef -band. 

remainder-man. 

renal-portal. 

rendrock. 

rep-silver. 

resino-electric. 

rest-harrow. 

rez-de-chauss£e. 

rhinestone. 

rhodeswood. 

rhomboid-ovate. 

rib-band,  roast,  wort, 

ricebird,  flower,  -shell. 

rick  rack,  stand. 

ridgeband,  piece,  plate,  pole,  rope. 

riffraff. 

ritlebird,  man. 

right-about,  -angled,  -hand,  -handed,  -hand- 
edness, -hearted, -heartedness.-lined, -minded, 

-mindedness,  -running, 
rimbase,  -fire. 

rinibark!  bill,  bird,  bolt,  bone,  dove. -eye,  head, 
fish,  fowl,  leader,  man,  master,  neck,  -necked, 
sail!  straked,  -streaked,  tail, -tailed,  toss,  worm. 

ripple-marked. 

riprap,  sack,  saw. 

riverside,  weed. 

rix-dollar. 

roach-backed. 

roadbed,  maker,  side,  stead,  way,  weed. 

robe-de-chambre. 

rockfish,  hair,  rose,  sucker,  weed,  wood,  work. 

rocking-chair,  -horse,  -stone. 

rodman,  wood. 

roebuck,  deer,  stone. 

rolling-pin. 

rollway. 

roily-poly,  -pooly. 

rooftree. 

roommate. 

rootcap,  stock,  worm. 

ropeband,  bark,  dancer,  dancing,  walk,  walker, 
way,  -yarn. 

ro^sebav,  bill',  'bud,  bush,  -colored,  -cut,  drop 
finch  'fish,  head,  hill,  mary,  -pink,  -red,  -rial, 
root,  -water  (a.) ,  wood,  worm,  wort. 

roughcast,  caster,  draw,  dry  -footed,  -grained, 
head  hew,  hewer,  hewn,  leg,  -legged,  rider, 
scuff,  setter,  shod,  strings,  tail,  wing,  work, 
wrought. 

roughing-in. 


roundabout,  -arm  (a.),  -backed,  fish  head, 
headed,  house,  ridge,  -shouldered,  tail,  top, 
-up,  worm. 

roundsman. 


i  roustabout. 

rowboat,  lock,  port. 
i  rutoblestone,  work. 

rubstone. 

i  rudderhead,  hole,  post,  stock. 
I  rule-monger. 

:  runabout,  -around,  away,  fish,  -off,  round,  way. 
1  runghead. 

rush-bearing,  light,  like. 

ruta-baga. 


s. 

salberbill,  tooth,  -toothed,  wing, 
sacculo-cochlear,  -utricular. 
sackbut,  cloth,  clothed,  -winged, 
saddleback,  -backed,  bags,  bow,  cloth,  nose, 
rock,  -shaped,  tree. 

sale-conduct,  -edged,  guard,  -keeping,  -pledge. 

sagebrush,  bush,  rose,  wood. 

sailboat,  cloth,  fish,  maker,  making. 

salacetol,  band,  eratus. 

salesman,  woman. 

salewort. 

saltbush,'  cat,  cellar,  foot,  -green,  mouth,  wort, 
salverform,  -shaped. 

landbagger, -blind,  fish,  glass,  hiller,  lot  (a.), 
man,  necker,  paper,  peep,  piper,  pit,  stay,  stone, 
weed,  wood,  worm,  wort. 

sans-Tulotte,  -culottic,  -cullotism,  -souci. 
saphead,  skull,  wood, 
satlnbush,  wood, 
sauce-alone,  box,  pan. 

sowbelly,  bill,  bones,  buck,  dust,  fish  fly,  horn 
horse,  mill,  -set,  tooth,  -toothed,  -whet,  -wort, 

-wrest. 

IJaleback^beam,  board,  fish,  foot,  tail,  -winged. 

scallop-shell  (a.). 

scaly-winged. 

scapegallows,  goat,  grace,  -wheel. 

scarecrow. 

scarf-skin. 

scarletseed. 

scatter-brain,  -brained,  good. 

sceneman,  shifter. 

scentwopd. 

sclioolbook  boy,  dame,  fellow,  girl,  house, 
ma'am  maid,  man,  master,  mate,  mistress, 
room,  -ship,  -teacher,  -teaching. 

scot-free. 

scotch -hopper. 

seourfish,  way. 

scrag-necked. 

scrapbook. 

scrapepenny. 

scratchback,  brush,  weed,  work. 

screw-cutting,  -driver,  stem. 

scrutoboard,  grass,  stone. 

scythemau,  stone,  whet. 

sea-bar,  beach,  beard,  berry,  -blubber    board 
bound,  coast,  -ear,  farer,  faring,  -gate,  girt, 
eoing   -longworm,  -maid,  -mall,  man,  mark, 
-mell,'  -orb,  -pen,  piece,  port    quake,  scape, 
shell,  shore,  sick,  sickness,   side    ware,  \\a>, 
weed,  wife,  worthiness,  worthy;  adjectwes  i 
given  take  hyphen. 
;  seamanlike. 

I   sealbird,  -brown,  skin,  wort. 
|  searchlight. 

!  le^ondlclass    (a.),    -first,    -foot,    hand,  -rate, 

-sight,  -sighted. 
;   secreto-inhibitory,  -motor,  -motory. 

secundo-geniture. 

see-bright,  catch,  caw,  saw,  see. 

seedbox,  cake,  cod,  -lac,  lip,  lop,  time. 
;   seedsman. 


USEFUL    INFORMATION. 


seek-no-further,  -sorrow, 
seerfish,  hand, 
selectman. 

self  (prefix)  same;  all  the  rest  take  hyphen. 
semi  (prefix),  all  one  word,  except  where  fol- 
lowed by  cap,  in  which  case  use  hyphen, 
sensori-motor,  -volitional, 
sergeant-at-arms,  -major, 
serio-comic. 

serpeiit-tongued,  wood, 
serrats-ciliate,  -dentate, 
serum-therapy, 
servo-motor, 
sessile-eyed 
setback,  bolt,  down,  -fair,  -off,  out,  -stitched 

-to,  -up. 
settervvort. 
seven-eyes,  fold,  holes,  night,,  score, -shooter, 

-thirties,  -up. 

shadberry,  bird,  fly,  -spirit,  -waiter,  working, 
shadefish,  tail, 
shagbark,  -haired,  -rag. 
shakedown. 

shallow  (prefix),  adjectives  take  hvphen 
shamefaced,  fast,  flower,  -proof, 
shard-borne. 

sharebeam,  bone,  broker,  holder,  wort. 
sharp-cut,  aw,  -set,  shooter,  shooting,  -sighted 

-sightedness,  tail,  -witted. 
shatter-brained,  -pated. 
she-balsam,  -bear,  -cat,  -oak,  -pine,  sole 
sheepback,  berry,  cot,  -faced,  fold,  -headed, 
hook,   kill,  master,  men,   rack,  shank    -sick 
-shearer,  -shearing,  skin,  split, 
sheerwater. 
shellapple,  bark,  fish,  head,  -less,  proof,  work 

worm. 

shield-bearer,  drake,  -shaped,  tail 
shill-I-shal-I. 
shilly-shally, 
shinglewood. 
shinhopple,  plaster. 

shipboard,  builder,  building,  holder,  load,  mas- 
ter, mate,  owner,  -rigged,  shape,  worm,  wreck 
wright,  yard, 
shireman. 
shiver-spar. 

shockdog,  -head,  -headed, 
shoebill,  black,  horn,  maker,  making 
shoeinghorn. 

shop  (prefix),  all  one  word, 
shore  weed. 

shortcake,  -circuit  (v.),  clothes,  coming,  hand 
head,  horn,  leaf,  -leaved,  neck,  sighted,  stop 
wing;  other  adjectives  take  hyphen 
shot-clog,  gun,  -proof, 
shoulder-shotten. 

shovelbill,  board,  fish,  head,  nose,  -nosed, 
showbread,  man,  room, 
shrill-gorged,  -tongued. 
shroud-laid. 
Shrovetide. 

shuffleboard,  cap,  wing, 
shuttlecock, 
.sick-brained. 

sieklebill,  man,  weed,  wort, 
sideboard,  bone,  hill,  long,  piece,saddle,-taking, 

track  (v.),  walk,  -wheel,  windei,  wiper, 
siege  work, 
sigh -born. 

sight-hole,  proof,  -seeing,  -seer,  -shot, 
sightsman. 
signalman, 
signboard,  post.  . 

silkman,  -stocking  (a.),  weed,  wood,  worm. 
Siluro-Celtic. 

silverback,  belly,  berry,  bill,  billy,  boom,  -eye, 
fin,  fish,  -rod,  sides,  smith,  spot,  tail,  tip,  tongue, 
vine,  ware,  weed;  adjectives  take  hyphen, 
simple-hearted,  -minded,  -mindedness. 
simon-pure, 
sing-sing,  -song. 

singlebar,  -foot,  -heartedly,  -loader,  -phaser, 
stick,  thorn,  ton,  tree;  adjectives  take  hyphen, 
sister-in-law, 
sitfast. 

sixfold,  -footer,  pence,  penny,  score,  shooter, 
skeelduck,  goose, 
sketchbook. 


skewerwood. 

skidpan,  way. 

skill-less. 

skimback. 

skinbound,  -deep,  flint. 


87 


1   skullcap,  fish, 
skunkbill,  head,  top,  weed, 
skygazer,  lark,  larking,  light,  rocket,  sail;  adjec- 
tives take  hyphen, 
slab-sided, 
slam-bang, 
slang-whanger. 
slapdash,  jack. 
'  slapeface. 
i   slate-color,  -gray. 

slaughterhouse,  man. 
|   slaveborn,  holder,  holding, 
sleep-at-noon,     -charged,      waker,      waking. 

walker,  walking,  wort, 
i  sleepyhead. 
!  sleuthhound. 
i  slickensides. 

slipboard,  coat,  knot,  -on,  shod,  shoe,  slop. 
:   slopseller,  shop,  work. 

slovvback  hound,  worm;   adjectives   take  hv- 
phen. 

i  sluiceway, 
slyboots. 

smallclothes,  pox,  sword, 
smearcase. 
smell-feast,  -less, 
smithcraft, 
smock-faced. 
smoke-dry,  house,  jack, stack,  wood;  adjectives 

take  hyphen. 

smoothbore;  other  adjectives  take  hyphen, 
snailfish,  -like,  -paced, 
snakebird,  fish,  head,  mouth,  neck,  root,  stone. 

weed,  wood. 

snake's-beard,  -head,  -mouthed,  -tongue, 
snapdragon,  head,  tool,  weed, 
sneezeweed,  wood,  wort, 
snippack,  -snap, 
snipebill,  fish,  -nosed. 

snowball,     berry,     bird,    -blind,    -blindness, 
-bound,  -broth,  cap,  -capped,  clad,  drift,  drop, 
fall,  finch,  flake,  fleck,  flight,  fowl,  plow,  shed, 
shoe,  shoer,  shoeing,  slide,  slip,  storm,  -white, 
snub-nosed, 
snuffbox. 

so-called  (a.),  -so. 
soapberry,  bush,  fish,  root,  stone,  suds,  wood, 

wort. 

sober-minded,  -mindedness. 
sod  worm. 
sort     (prefix)     heartedness;    adjectives     take 

hyphen, 
soi-disant. 
soldierwood. 
soleplate. 
sol-fa. 

solicitor-general, 
somebody,    how,   thing,    times,   what,    when, 

where,  while,  whither, 
son-in-law, 
songcraft. 

soothfast,  say,  sayer,  saying, 
sorehead. 

sound-board;  adjectives  take  hyphen, 
sounding-board, 
soupe-maigre. 
soursop,  wood. 

southbound,  down,  east,  easter,  easterly,  east- 
ern, eastward,  eastwardly,  west,  wester,  west- 
erly, western,  westward,  westward! y. 
southernwood, 
sowbane. 

spadebone.  fish,  foot, 
spaeman,  wife, 
spandogs,  -new,  piece,  worm, 
sparerib. 

sparhawk,  -hung,  piece. 
spar ro wgrass,  tongue,  wort, 
spatterdashed,  dashes,  -dock, 
spearfish,  head,  man,  mint,  wood,  wort, 
speechmaker. 
speedwell, 
spellbind,  binder,  bound,  work. 


88 


USEFUL    INFORMATION. 


spendthrift,  thrifty. 

splceberry,  bush,  wood. 

spiderflower,  like,  wort. 

spikebill,  fish,  horn,  nard,  nose,  tail. 

spileworm. 

spillway.  « 

spindlelegs,  shanks,  tail,  worm;  adjectives  take 
hyphen. 

spineback,  belly,  bill,  -finned,  foot,  tail,  -tailed. 

spirepole. 

spiritual-minded,  -mindedness. 

spitball,  box,  fire,  -venom. 

spltchcock,  cocked. 

spitscocked. 

splanchno-skeleton. 

splashboard. 

splayfoot,  footed,  mouth,  mouthed. 

spleenwort. 

splinterproof. 

splitbeak,  feet,  finger,  mouth,  -tail,  -tongued, 
worm. 

spoilsman,  monger. 

spokeshave. 

spokesman. 

spoonbill,  -billed,  drift,  flower,  -meat,  tail, 
wood,  worm,  wort. 

sportsman . 

spray  board. 

spread-eagle  (a.). 

springboard,  bok,  fish,  halt,  head,  tail,  tide, 
time,  worm. 

spritsail,  tail. 

spurflower,  gall,  -heeled,  -royal,  -shell,  way, 
wing,  -winged. 

spurling-line. 

spurn-water. 

spyboat,  glass. 

squaremouth,  -rigged,  spot,  tail,  -toed,  -toes. 

squarroso-dentate. 

squint-eye,  -eyed. 

stableboy,  man. 

stack-guard,  stand,  yard. 

staffman. 

stag-evil,  -horn  (a.),  -horned,  hound,  worm. 

stagecoach,  coachman,  -headed,  house,  play, 
player,  -struck. 

staircase,  head,  way. 

stake-driver,  head,  holder. 

stalemate. 

stalk-eyed. 

stalking-horse. 

stall-feed,  man. 

stand-by,  gale,  pipe,  point,  still. 

standard-bred,  -wing. 

stander-by,  grass,  wort. 

starboard,  -bowlines,  bush,  -chamber,  craft, 
finch,  fish,  fruit,  gazer,  gazing,  light,  like,  lit, 
monger,  nose,  proof,  shine,  shoot,  stone,  throat, 
wort;  adjectives  not  given  take  hyphen. 

start-up. 

statecraft,  house,  monger,  room. 

states-general,  man,  woman. 

statesmanlike. 

statuelike. 

stavewood. 

stay-bar,  lace,  maker,  -plow,  sail,  ship. 

steadfast. 

steamboat,  boating,  ship. 

steelhead,  yard. 

steep-down,  grass,  -up,  weed,  wort. 

steeplechasing,  -crowned. 

steerageway. 

steersman. 

stem-clasping,  -winder,  -winding. 

step-down  (a.),  -up  (a.);  the  rest  one  word  ex- 
cept step  grate. 

stepping-stone. 

stereo  (prefix)  -chemic, -chemical, -chemistry; 
the  rest  one  word. 

sternforemost,  post,  way,  -wheel,  -wheeler. 

stewpan,  pot.  I 

stickleback. 

stiff*  (prefix)  -neckedness,  tail;  adjectives  take 
hyphen. 

stillbirth,  born,  -burn,  house,  -hunt,  -hunter, 
hunting,  room,  stand. 

stock-blind,  broker,  dove,  fish,  holder,  jobber, 


. 

jobbing,  man,  owl,  -still,  work. 
tokehol 


stokehold,  hole. 


stonebird,  -blind,  bow,  brash,  -break,  breaker, 
buck,  chat,  -cold,  cray,  crop,  cutter,  cutting, 
-dead,  -deaf,  gall,  -hammer,  hatch,  -hearted, 
-mortar,  pecker,  root,  runner,  seed,  -still,  wall, 
ware,  weed,  wood,  work,  wort. 

stopcock,  -gap,  -over,  ship. 

stopping-out. 

storehouse,  keeper,  room,  ship. 

stork-billed. 

storm-beat,  bird,  cock,  finch,  glass,  wind. 

storybook,  -teller,  -telling,  -writer. 

stout-hearted,  -heartedness. 

stovehouse,  pipe. 

stowaway,  board. 

straddlebug. 

straightedge,  forward,  forwardly,  forwardness, 
horn,  -joint,  -lined,  -out,  -spoken,  -way  (a)., 
way  (adv.). 

strait-handed,  handedness,  -jacket,  -laced, 
-waistcoat. 

strap-shaped,  work. 

strato-cirrus,  -cumulus. 

stra  wberry,  board,  -cutter,  small,  smear,  worm; 
adjectives  take  hyphen. 

streetwalker. 

stringboard,  course,  halt,  piece. 

strip-leaf. 

strokesman. 

strong-back,  hand,  hold,  -mindedness,  -water; 
adjectives  take  hyphen. 

stub-bred. 

stucco  work. 

stuck-up. 

studbook,  fish,  -horse. 

stumbling-block,  -stone. 

stump-bred,  -rooted,  -tailed. 

sub  (prefix)  -base,  -bass;  the  rest  one  word. 

subject-matter,  -object,  -objectivity. 

sugarhouse,  plum. 

sulpho-urea;  the  rest  one  word. 

sulphur-bottom,  weed,  wort. 

summer-fallow,  house,  stir,  tide,  tree. 

sunbeam,  bird,  blink,  bonnet,  bow,  burn, 
-burner,  burning,  burst,  dart,  dew,  dial,  dog, 
down,  downer,  drops,  fish,  flower,  glass,  glow, 
light,  like,  lit,  proof,  rise,  rising,  set,  setting, 
shade,  shine,  shiny,  squall,  stone,  stroke, 
-struck,  up;  other  adjectives  not  given  take 
hyphen. 

supple-chapped,  -jack. 

supra  (prefix)  -acromial,  -angular,  -auricular, 
axillary,  -esophagal,  -ethmoid,  -ilium;  the 
rest  one  word. 

sure-footed. 

surfboat,  man. 

surgeon-general. 

swag-bellied,  belly,  man. 

swagsman. 

swanflower,  herd,  -hopping,  like,  mark,  neck, 
pan,  skin,  -upping,  wort. 

swan's-down. 

sward-cutter. 

swashbuckler,  way. 

sway-backed,  -bracing. 

sweep-saw,  stake,  stakes,  washer. 

sweetbread,  brier,  heart,  meat,  root,  -sop,  water, 
weed,  wood,  wort;  adjectives  take  hyphen. 

swinebread,  case,  -chopped,  cote,  fish,  herd, 
pipe,  -pox,  stone,  sty. 

swingbar,  devil,  tree. 

swiiiglebar,  tail,  tree. 

switchboard,  man. 

swivel-eyed. 

swoopstake. 

swordbill,  fish,  man,  play,  player,  proof, 
-shaped,  tail. 

swordsman. 

T. 

tal»lebook,  cloth,  -land,  man,  spoon,  spoonful, 

ware, 
tacksman. 
taglock,  -rag,  tail, 
tail-bay,  black,  board,  flower,  piece,  pin,  race, 

stock,  -water, 
tailor-made. 
take-in,  -off,  -up. 
taking-off. 


USEFUL    INFORMATION. 


89 


Calebearer,  bearing,  teller. 

talesman. 

tall-boy. 

tallow-face,  -faced,  -wood. 

tallyho.  man. 

tangfish,  whaup. 

tangleberry,  fish. 

tanyard. 

taphouse,  room,  root. 

tapeline,  worm. 

tarboy,  weed,  whine. 

taskmaster,  work. 

taxgatherer,  gathering,  payer. 

teaberry,  cup,  cupful,  kettle,  pot,  -saucer,  spoon, 

spoonful, 
teamwork. 

tearpit,  -thumb;  adjectives  take  hyphen, 
teaze-hole. 
te-hee. 

tele-iconograph;  the  rest  one  word. 
telesmeter. 
telltale. 

tempo lo-auricular;  the  rest  one  word, 
tenfold,  -o'clock   (a.),  penny,  pins,   -pounder, 

-strike. 

tenderfoot,  -heartedly,   heartedness,  loin;  ad- 
jectives take  hyphen, 
tenter-hook, 
tenthmeter. 
tentmaker,  wort, 
ternatopinnate. 
terneplate. 

terracultural,  culture, 
terre-tenant,  -verte. 
terror;  adjectives  take  hyphen, 
tether-ball. 

tetra;  all  one  word  except  tetra  paper, 
tetter-totter,  wort. 
text-book,  -hand,  man. 
t tin nk worthiness,  worthy, 
thaiiksgiver,  giving, 
thenadays. 

thenceforth,  forward. 
tliere  (prefix)  -anent;  the  rest  one  word, 
thermo-anaesthesia,  -element,   -excitory,  -in- 
hibitory; the  rest  one  word, 
tliiekbill,  head,  -knee,  leaf,  set,  skin,  skull, 

-stamen;  other  adjectives  take  hyphen. 
thimbleberry,  eye,  rig,  rigger,  weed. 
tli in:  adjectives  take  hyphen, 
thio-urea;  the  rest  one 'word, 
third-borough,  -penny, 
thornback,  bill,  bird,  but,  -headed,  set,  tail, 
thorough-brace,     bred,     fare,     foot,    going, 

-lighted,  paced,  pin,  sped,  wax,  wort, 
thousandfold,  -jacket. 
thrall-less,  -like. 

threadbare,  fin,  fish,  foot,  -shaped,  worm, 
three-decker,  fold,  pence,  penny,  -phaser,  -pile; 

other  adjectives  take  hyphen.    . 
thricecock;  adjectives  take  hyphen, 
throatband,  boll,  latch,  root,  wort, 
throw-crook,  -off. 
thrum-eyed,  wort. 
thumbbird,  screw. 

thunderbird,    bolt,    burst,    clap,    cloud,   fish, 
flower,  fly,  head,  proof,  shower,  squall,  stone, 
storm,  strike,  worm, 
tiekseed,  tack, 
tidbit. 

tideland,  -rode,  waiter,  way. 
tidesman. 

tiebar,  beam,  -rod,  tick,  wig. 
tiger-eye,  -foot,  -footed, 
tiger's-foot,  -milk, 
tile-drain  (v.),  fish,  root,  seed,  stone, 
tilt-mill,  -up,  -yard, 
tlmbernead,  man,  work. 

timekeeper,  piece,  pleaser,  saving,  server,  serv- 
ing, -table;  other  adjectives  take  hyphen, 
tinman,  mouth,  smith,  stone,  tie,  type,  ware, 
tipburn,  cart,  cat,  staff,  toe,  top,  -up,  worm, 
tippling-house. 
tire-woman, 
tiring-room, 
titbit,  lark,  mouse, 
titano-cyanide,  -fluoride,  -silicate, 
tithingman. 


title-page. 

titter-totter. 

tittlebat,  -tattle,  -tattling. 

ti-tri. 

toadback,  eater,  fish,  flax,  flower,  head,  stone, 

stool. 

toastmaster. 

to-day,  -do,  -fall,  -morrow,  -name,  -night,  willy, 
tollbooth,  gate,  house,  man. 
tomboy,  cat,  cod,  fool,  foolery,  John,  noddy,  rig, 

tit,  -torn, 
tombstone, 
tonguebird,  fish,  flower,  -flowered,  -shaped, 

-shell,  -tie,  -tied,  worm, 
ton-mile. 

tool-post,  -stock,  -rest, 
toon  wood, 
toothache,   back,   bill,  brush,   drawer,   flower, 

pick,  shell,  wort, 
top-armor,  -block,  -boots,  -chain,  -cloth,  coat, 

-drain,  -draining    -dress,  -dressing,    gallant, 

-hamper/   -heavy,    knot,    -light,    man,   mast, 

piece,  -proud,  -rope,  sail, -shaped,  -shell,  sides, 

soil,  soiling,  stone,  -tackle,  -timbers,  -tool, 
tops-and-bottoms,  man. 
torchbearer,  light,  wood,  wort, 
touchback,  -box,  down,  hole,  -me-not,  -needle, 

-pan,  -paper,  piece,  stone,  wood, 
tough-cake,  -head,  -pitch, 
tous-les-mois. 
tout-ensemble. 

towboat,  cock,  -head,  line,  path,  rope, 
towerwort. 

towrn-crier,  hall,  house, 
townsfolk,  man,  people, 
toyhouse,  man,  shop,  wort, 
trackman,  master,  -road,  scout. 
trade-mark. 

tradesman,  people,  -unionist,  woman, 
tragi-comedy,  -comic,  -comical,  -comi-pastoral. 
trainband,  bearer. 
tram-rail,  road,  way. 
trans  (prefix),  one  word  unless  followed  by  a 

cap,  then  use  hyphen, 
trapball,  door,  hole,  stick. 
tra wlboat,  net,  warp, 
treadboard,  mill,  -softly,  wheel, 
treasure-house,  -trove, 
treebeard,  nail, 
trencher-man, 
trench-plow, 
trestletree,  work, 
trigesimo-secundo. 
tripe-de-roche,  man,  stone, 
triple-crowned,  -headed,  -tail, 
troopbird,  fowl,  ship, 
trothplighted. 
trou-de-loup. 
troutbird,  -colored, 
trucebreaker. 
truckle-bed, 
truckman, 
true-blue,  -born,  -bred,  -hearted,  heartedness, 

love,  -penny. 

trumpet-shaped,  -tongued,  weed,  wood, 
trumplike. 

<rundle-bed,  head,  tail, 
trunkback,  fish,  nose,  work, 
trustworthy,  worthiness, 
truth-lover,  -teller, 
trysail,  -square. 

tubeform,  -nosed,  rose,  -shell,  worm, 
tubfish,  man. 
tuck-net, 
tue-iron,  -irons, 
tufthunter,  hunting, 
tugboat. 

tulip-eared,  -shell,  wood. 
tumblebug,  -down,  dung,  weed, 
turn-turn, 
tun-bellied,  hoof, 
tupman. 

turban-shell,  -top. 
turtman,  worm, 
turkeyback. 
turnbroach,  -buckle,  coat,  cock,  halle,  key, -out, 

over,  pike,  plate,  -sick,  sole,  spit,  stile,  stone, 

table,  wrest. 


90 


USEFUL    INFOEMATION. 


turnip-shell,  wood. 

turtleback,  dove,  -footed,  head,  -shell. 

tusk-shell. 

tut-nose,  -work,  -workman. 

tutti-frutti. 

twelfth-cake,  -day,  -night,  -second,  tide. 

twelvemonth,  pence,  penny,  score. 

tiventyfold,  -fourmo. 

twice  (prefix);  adjectives  take  hyphen. 

twinborn,  leaf,  like,  likeness. 

'twixt-brain. 

two-decker,  fold,  pence,  penny,  -phaser,  -step; 

adjectives  take  hyphen. 
typesetter,  setting,  write,  writer,  writing. 

u. 

U-shaped. 

ultra-elliptic;  the  rest  one  word. 

un  (prefix),  always  one  word  unless  followed  by 

cap  letter,  when  the  hyphen  will  be  used. 
under  (prefix)  -age,  -arm,  -garment;  the  rest 

one  word, 
unhooped-for. 
unlooked-for. 
up  (prefix)  bound,  -line,  -to-date;  the  rest  one 

word. 

Ural-Altaic, 
uranoso-uranic. 
uran-utan. 
urn-shaped, 
uva-ursi. 

V. 

V-shaped. 

vainglorious,  gloriously,  gloriousness,  glory. 

valve-shell. 

van-courier,  guard. 

vare-headed. 

vase-shaped. 

vaso-inhibitory;  the  rest  one  word. 

vegeto-alkali,  -animal. 

veinstone.    ' 

velvetbreast,  leaf. 

venthole. 

ventro-inguinal,  lateral. 

vergeboard. 

vertebro-iliac. 

vestryman. 

vice-consul,  gerency,  gerent,  man,  -president, 

-regal,  royalty, 
vigesimo-quartb. 
vine-clad,  dresser,  yard, 
violet-tip, 
vis-a-vis, 
vitreo-electric. 
vitro-di-trina. 

voltammeter,  ampere,  meter, 
volta-electric,   -electrometer,    meter,    metric, 

plast,  type, 
volte-face, 
vulvo-uterine. 


W. 


wage-earner,  -work,  -worker.  % 

wagon-headed,  load,  -roofed,  wright. 

wainbote,  wright. 

waistband,  cloth,  coat. 

wait-a-bit,  awhile.      • 

wake-robin,  time. 

walk-mill,  -over. 

wallbird,   -eye,    -eyed,    flower,  -plat,  -sided, 

wort, 
war-beaten,  fare,  like,  lock,  monger,  mouth, 

path,  proof,  wolf,  worn, 
ward-corn,  mote,  robe,  room, 
wardsman. 
warehouse,  room, 
warehouseman. 

warm-blooded,  -hearted,  -heartedness. 
wartweed,  wort, 
washboard,  bowl,  dish,   house,  -off,  out,  pot,   i 

stand,  tail,  tub. 
washerman,  woman, 
wastebasket,  board,  book,  weir, 
watchdog,  house,  maker,  man,  tower,  word,   ! 

work, 
water-bearer,    board,    bok,    -bound,    -closet, 


-colorist,  cup,  fall,  flood,  fowl,  -furrow,  -horse, 
-laid,  leaf,  -logged,  man,  mark,  melon,  phone, 
pot,  proof,  proofing,  -ret,  -rolled,  -rot,  scape, 
shed,  shoot,  -soak,  spout,  -standing,  -tath, 
-tight,  -vascular,  way,  weed,  -withe,  work, 
worn,  wort. 

wattmeter. 

wave-worn. 

waxberry,  bill,  bird,  bush,  -eye,  flower,  weed, 
wing,  work,  worker. 

waybill,  board,  bread,  bung,  farer,  faring,  gate, 
-going,  -goose,  lay,  layer,  maker,  mark,  side, 
-wise,  wiser,  worn. 

wayz-goose. 

weakfish,  -hearted,  -kneed,  -minded,  -minded- 
ness. 

weasel-faced,  fish,  snout. 

weather-beaten,  -bit,  -bitten,  board,  boarding, 
-bound,  cock,  -driven,  -fend^-fish,  glass,  head, 
proof,  wise,  worn. 

weaverfish. 

we  bey  e,  foot,  worm;  adjectives  take  hyphen. 

wedgebill,  -shell;  adjectives  take  hyphen. 

weighbeam, board,  bridge,  -house,  lock,  master. 

welladay,  -being,  doer,  doing,  drain  (v.),  head, 
hole,  -meaner,  -nigh,  spring,  -wilier,  -wish, 
wisher;  adjectives  take  hyphen. 

wentletrap. 

werewolf. 

westbound. 

wetbird,  -shod. 

whaleback,  boat,  bone,  head,  man. 

whatever,  not,  soever. 

wheatbird,  ear,  worm. 

wheelband,  barrow,  bird,  house,  man, -shaped, 
stone,  swarf,  work,  -worn,  wright. 

whenever,  soever. 

whenceever,  soever. 

whereabout,  abouts,  as,  at,  by,  for,  from,  in, 
into,  of,  on,  out.  soever,  through,  to,  unto, 
upon,  with,  withal. 

whetstone. 

wheyface,  -faced. 

whichever,  soever. 

whinberry,  chat,  -sill,  stone,  yard. 

whipbird,  cord,  fish,  graft,  'lash,  -poor-will, 
saw,  -shaped,  staff,  stalk,  stick,  stitch,  stock, 
-tom-kelly,  worm. 

whipper-in,  snapper. 

whirlabout,  bat,  -blast,  pool,  wig,  wind. 

whistlefish,  wing,  wood. 

whiteback,  bait,  bark,  beam,  beard,  belly,  bill, 
Ablaze,  blow,  bottle,  boy,  cap,  coat,  -ear,  -eye, 
-face,  fish,  -foot,  head,  -heart,  -pot,  root,  rump, 
side,  smith,  tail,  thorn,  throat,  tip,  top,  wall, 
wash,  -water,  weed,  wing,  wood,  worm,  wort; 
C9mpound  all  adjectives. 

whithersoever. 

whity-brown. 

whoever,  so,  soever. 

whole-hoofed,  -length,  sale,  -souled. 

whomsoever. 

who  remaster,  monger,  son. 

whortleberry. 

whosesoever. 

wickerwork. 

wickiup. 

wide-awake,  gap,  spread;  other  adjectives  take 
hyphen. 

widow-bench,  -hunter,  -maker,  -wail. 

wifelike. 

wigwag.    . 

wild-cat  (a,),  fire,  grave,  wood. 

will-o'-the-wisp. 

willow-herb,  -thorn,  -weed,  -wort. 

willy-mufty,  -wagtail,  -willy. 

windbibber,  bore,  bound,  -break,  -broken,  cof- 
fer, -dog,  fall,  fallen, fanner, -fertilized,  flower, 
gall,  hover,  mill,  pipe,  -plant,  -rode,  row, 
-shaken,  storm,  -sucker,  -sucking,  tight. 

windlestraw. 

windowpane. 

wineberry,  bibber,  glass,  sap. 

wingfish,  seed,  -shell;  adjectives  take  hyphen. 

winkle-hawk,  -hole. 

wintergreen,  -ground,  kill,  -rig,  tide,  weed; 
adjectives  take  hyphen. 

wiredraw,  -drawer,  -heel,  -puller,  -pulling, 
-tailed,  work,  -worker,  worm. 

wise-hearted,  -like. 


USEFUL    INFORMATION, 


91 


wislibone,  -wash, 
wishy-washy, 
witchuck,  fish,  -starved, 
witch-alder,  craft,  -elm,  -hazel,  -tree,  wood, 
withdrawing-room. 
witlierband,  -wrung, 
withe-rod. 

witli  (prefix),  all  one  word, 
wizen-faced, 
woe-begone. 
womankind,  like. 

wonderland,  struck,  work, -worker,  -working, 
woodbind,  bine,  -bound,  chat,  chuck,  cock, 
cracker,    craft,    cut,    cutter,    cutting,     hack, 
hacker,  hewer,  hole,  house,  jobber,  knacker, 
land,  -layer,  man,  -note,  -of-the-Holy-Cross, 
pecker,  -queest,  rock,   roof,  ruff,  stone,  wall, 
ward,  -wash,  -wax,  -waxen,  work,  worm, 
woodsman . 
wool-dyed,   fell,   gathering,  grower,   growing, 

-hall,  head,  man,  pack,  sack,  shed,  stock, 
woolly-head. 
\vordbook,  -catcher, 
wordsman. 

workaday,  bag,  basket,  bench,  box,  day,  fellow, 
folk,  house,  man,  master,  room,  shop,  table, 
woman. 

wrorking-day,  man. 
workmanlike, 
world-wide. 

worldly-minded,  -mindedness,  -wise, 
worm-eaten,  -eatenness,  hole,  seed,  -shaped, 

-shell,  wood, 
worn-out. 
Avould-be  (a.). 
wreath-shell. 


wreckfish,  -master. 

wringbolt,  staff. 

wristband. 

\vrong-timed;  all  others  one  word. 

wrybill,  mouth,  neck,  necked. 

wych-elm,  -hazel. 

Y. 

yachtsman. 

Yankee-Doodle. 

yardarm,  keep,  stick,  wand,  master. 

yarraman. 

yawl-rigged. 

yearbook. 

veast-bitten. 

Velio wbill    bird,  -covered,  crown,  -eyed,  fin, 

fish    -golds,  -hammer,  head,  legs,  poll,  root, 

rump,  seed,  shanks,    shins,   tail,  throat,  top, 

weed,  wood,  wort, 
veomanlike. 
yesterday,  eve,   -evening,    morn,    -morning, 

night,  noon,  week,  year. 
yokefellow,  mate,  -toed, 
yourself. 

yttro-cerite,  -columbite,  -tantalite. 
Yuletide. 


zantewood. 

zebrawood. 

Zend-Avesta. 

zigzag. 

ziment-water. 

zinco-polar. 


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